尼古丁影响鼠胚神经管Nestin和S-100β表达

目的 探讨生殖致畸期宫内暴露尼古丁是否影响鼠胚神经管nestin和S—100g表达。方法 建立妊娠期宫内暴露尼古丁的大鼠模型，免疫组织化学法观察孕13d神经管顶板基板及16d鼠胚中缝组织分化程度的改变。结果 尼古丁组孕13d大鼠胚胎菱脑顶板未完全闭合，部分区域无神经上皮覆盖，nestin阳性神经上皮细胞数量明显比正常对照组少（P〈0．05），排列紊乱；孕16d鼠胚中缝处尼古丁组S-100β表达较对照组为弱（P〈0．05）；神经上皮细胞排列不规则，核仁不清晰，胞质内可见空泡，细胞间隙增宽。结论生殖致畸期内暴露尼古丁影响神经管菱脑区顶板、基板神经组织正常发育，延迟神经管闭合；延迟孕16d鼠胚中缝处神经组织的完全闭合。     

头孢菌素类抗生素的耐药性比较研究

实验应用分光光度计观察了体外培养基中细菌在CPT,CTZ,β—内酰胺酶以及酶抑制剂MCIPC单独和相互作用下的生长浊度变化。①分别单用CPT(10MIC)和CTZ(15MIC)均可溶解细菌;而当加入微量酶液则可明显拮抗。②上述实验系统中同时加用MCIPC(1/16MIC)则能翻转酶对CPT和CTZ溶菌作用的拮抗而出现溶菌。③但当CPT或CTZ分别与酶在菌液中孵育10分或30分钟后,再加用等量MCIPC时仅能翻转酶对第三代头孢菌素-CTZ的拮抗,重新再现溶菌作用,而此时对第一代头孢菌素—CPT的溶菌作用则不能再现。该实验为第三代头孢菌素的非水解屏障耐药机制提供了重要依据。     

β-环连蛋白及其mRNA在肾癌中的表达

目的　探讨β -环连蛋白在肾癌发生发展过程中的作用及其变化机制。方法　我们采用免疫组织化学、Westernblot、RT -PCR等方法对本院收治的 2 6例肾癌患者手术标本进行了研究。结果　 2 6例患者中有 2 5例癌组织中细胞胞浆内β 环连蛋白表达明显高于正常组织内 ,而且肿瘤分期越高 ,癌细胞内β 环连蛋白的表达也越强 ,pT3和pT4期的肿瘤内的表达明显高于pT1和pT2期的肿瘤 ,P <0 .0 1,而其β -环连蛋白mRNA的表达水平并无明显变化。结论　细胞内 β -环连蛋白表达的增加与肾癌的发生发展有关 ,而且可能是肾癌形成和发展的重要机制之一。     

β肾上腺素能受体在支气管哮喘发病中的作用

目的　观察支气管哮喘不同状态时外周淋巴细胞肾上腺素能受体 (βAR)及β2 ARmRNA水平的变化。方法　用放射配基结合受体分析法 ,放射免疫法 ,逆转录聚合酶链反应 (PT PCR)及原位杂交等方法测定哮喘患者不同状态下 β2 AR密度 ,β2 ARmRNA水平 ,血浆cAMP和cGMP水平。结果　缓解期哮喘患者外周淋巴细胞 βAR的密度较正常人明显升高 ,血浆cAMP水平无显著差异 ,而发作期哮喘患者βAR及血浆cAMP水平均较正常人明显降低 ;缓解期哮喘患者外周淋巴细胞β2 ARmRNA水平与正常人无显著差异。结论　βAR数量、功能及其信使核糖核酸水平与哮喘不同发病状态有关 ,其改变仅为哮喘病程中伴随出现的变化 ,不是其发病的原发因素。     

孕妇血清标记物在中孕筛查中的应用

目的 :通过对孕妇血清标记物甲胎蛋白 (AFP)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素 ( β -HCG )测定来筛选缺陷儿。 方法 :用放射免疫法对 6 2例孕 14～ 2 3周妊娠妇女上述标记物连测 3次 ,每次隔 12～ 14d ,以两次异常为高危个体。每例筛查者跟踪至胎儿出生后。结果 :在筛查中发现了 1例先天愚型和 1例无脑儿。结论 :上述两种血清标记物可以作为神经管缺陷和先天愚型筛查的一项常规方法     

黄芩甙、地塞米松对大鼠感染性脑水肿细胞因子的影响

目的 :探讨黄芩甙、地塞米松对大鼠感染性脑水肿白细胞介素 1(IL 1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的影响。方法 :应用大鼠感染性脑水肿模型 ,采用干湿法、原子吸收分光光度法、ELISA测定各组脑组织水含量、钠离子含量及脑匀浆上清液中IL 1β,TNF α水平的变化 ;在光镜下观察各组脑组织的细胞形态学改变。结果 :在大鼠感染性脑水肿(感脑 )组脑水含量、钠离子、IL 1β、TNF α含量均比生理盐水 (对照 )组明显增高 (P <0 .0 1)。在黄芩甙和地塞米松两组则上述指标均下降 ,低于感脑组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而两组间各指标比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;脑组织水含量与IL 1β ,TNF α含量成正相关 (r分别为 0 9381,0 8349,P <0 .0 1)。对照组脑组织结构正常 ,感脑组织脑组织可见弥漫的灶性水肿区 ;黄芩甙和地塞米松组水肿明显减轻。结论 :黄芩甙、地塞米松对大鼠感染性脑水肿有保护作用 ,效果相近 ;作用机制与抑制IL 1β ,TNF α过度产生有关     

Pathogenetic role and clinical significance of interleukin-1β in cancer

In recent years, pro-oncogenic mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment (ТМЕ) have been actively discussed. One of the main cytokines of the TМЕ is interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which exhibits proinflammatory properties. Some studies have shown an association between an increase in IL-1β levels and tumour progression. The purpose of this review is to analyse the pathogenic mechanisms induced by IL-1β in the TМЕ, as well as the diagnostic significance of the presence of IL-1β in patients with cancer and the efficacy of treatment with IL-1β inhibitors. According to the literature, IL-1β can induce an increase in tumour angiogenesis due to its effects on the differentiation of epithelial cells, pro-angiogenic molecule secretion and expression of adhesion molecules, thus increasing tumour growth and metastasis. IL-1β is also involved in the suppression of anti-tumour immune responses. The expression and secretion of IL-1β has been noted in various types of tumours. In some clinical studies, an elevated level of IL-1β was found to be associated with low efficacy of anti-cancer therapy and a poor prognosis. In most experimental and clinical studies, the use of IL-1β inhibitors contributed to a decrease in tumour mass and an increase in the response to anti-tumour drugs.     

陵水暗罗活性成分研究

从陵水暗罗(polyalthia nemoralis A.etDC)根的乙醇提取物中分离得到五个化合物。经光谱(UV,IR,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR,DEPT和MS)解析和化学反应,分别鉴定为暗罗素(zincpolyanemine,PN1),2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物铜盐(PN₂),β-谷甾醇(PN₃),β-谷甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(PN₄)和2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物-2-S-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(PN₅),其中PN₅为新化合物,PN2为新天然产物。PN1和PN2有较强抗疟、防霉杀菌作用。PN5的抗疟、防霉试验尚在进行中。     

IGF-I and NGFβ enhance in vitro progressive motility and vitality of human spermatozoa

Purpose

Progressive motility (PM) and vitality are positively associated with fertilization ability of spermatozoa. Here, the effects of IGF-I and NGFβ on PM and vitality of human spermatozoa were investigated.

Methods

Forty-three volunteers gave semen samples after 2-3 days of sexual abstinence. Each sample was processed with density gradient centrifugation and sperm washing. The pellet was divided into 3 aliquots. An aliquot containing one million of progressively motile spermatozoa was incubated for an hour (37°C) in standard culture medium (control group), and two aliquots with the same number of progressively motile spermatozoa were incubated in medium supplemented with IGF-I or NGFβ. Two concentrations of IGF-I (100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml) and NGFβ (0,5 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml) were tested.

Results

Both growth factors significantly increased PM and vitality in comparison with control either at the low or the high concentration. IGF-I seemed to be more effective than NGFβ. The effects did not seem to be dose dependent with the exception of the effect of IGF-I on vitality.

Conclusions

The enhancement of PM and vitality of human spermatozoa by IGF-I and NGFβ opens new ways for the improvement of sperm processing. Further research is needed to determine the most effective concentrations.