Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: Lack of association with distal renal tubular acidosis

Background and Aims: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) might be complicated by osteoporosis, whose etiology remains unknown but seems to be multifactorial. Prevalence rates of 30% to 60% for distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) have been reported in PBC patients, generally as incomplete DRTA. Although it is undisputed that a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is the expected outcome among patients who have been suffering from longstanding chronic metabolic acidosis, it is unclear if incomplete DRTA is also associated with metabolic bone disease in PBC patients. The present study was undertaken to compare the BMD of PBC patients with and without DRTA.
Methods: The BMD of 23 PBC patients (11 with DRTA and 12 without), all with normal clearance of creatinine, was assessed by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry. The diagnosis of DRTA was made if the urine pH was above 5.4 in all samples after the oral acid overload, showing tubular inability to acidify urine in the presence of test-induced systemic metabolic acidosis.
Results: Densitometric signs of osteoporosis were found in 82% of DRTA cases and in 83% of patients without DRTA (difference not significant). There were no significant differences in BMD measurement, T and Z scores of patients with and without DRTA.
Conclusions: The present study could not support a correlation between the presence of DRTA and the bone loss observed in PBC patients.     

骨胶原在骨质疏松大鼠中的变化及其与骨生物力学相关性实验研究

[目的]探讨骨质疏松症骨胶原的变化及其与骨生物力学相关性。[方法]7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠30只,随机平分为:OVX组(卵巢切除组)和Sham组(假手术组,未切除卵巢)。术后12周处死大鼠,行第L5压缩力学实验,并测定L5羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量,同时应用m asson三色法行L5切片染色,光镜下观察胶原纤维形态学的改变。[结果]卵巢切除12周后,Sham组HYP含量(0.197±0.035)mg/g,镜下见胶原纤维排列规则,走向清晰连续性好,胶原纤维粗壮,呈致密板层样。OVX组大鼠L5HYP含量为(0.182±0.022)mg/g,镜下见胶原纤维排列稀疏紊乱,变细甚至断裂溶解,连续性差。两组HYP含量相比P<0.05。OVX组HYP变化与L5弹性模量、抗压强度及最大压缩力变化有直线相关性。[结论]卵巢切除致骨质疏松,骨胶原含量减少和质量下降。骨胶原含量下降与骨生物力学强度降低有直线相关性。骨质疏松骨折与骨胶原含量下降有关。     

中药龟丝补骨片对绝经后早期妇女骨转换指标和骨密度的影响

目的 从中医“肾虚”理论出发，观察中药龟丝补骨片对绝经后早期妇女骨转换指标和骨密度的影响。方法 将63例加岁以上的自然绝经1年以上但不超过5年的健康妇女，先完成中医肾虚证症状量化表调查、并采用DEXA测量BMD，根据骨密度值T-score低于-2．0为标准分为绝经后骨质疏松症组(OP)和非骨质疏松症组(NO)，依就诊次序按1：2比率序贯进入尼尔雌醇组(n)和龟丝补骨片组(g)。单盲观察尼尔雌醇和龟丝补骨片的治疗作用6个月。成功随访率达93．65％。治疗前和后第3、6个月分别检测骨转换标志物血清BGP和尿Dpd／Cr，治疗结束时复查BMD。结果 采用龟丝补骨片治疗后，第6个月无论NO组还是0P组，血清BGP水平均显著升高；尿Dpd／Cr比值更早、更显著地降低，在OP组治疗第3、6个月时降低分别有显著和极显著性意义，OP-g组尿Ca^2 ／Cr排出明显下降。干预治疗第6个月，龟丝补骨片和尼尔雌醇都有增加骨量的作用，各组BMD都有不同程度的升高；且发现对治疗的反应性似乎骨质疏松者比非骨质疏松者好，腰椎较股骨好，其中椎体部分最好，股骨颈最差。结论 龟丝补骨片具有保护绝经早期妇女的骨丢失作用，我们认为，这一保护作用主要与抑制骨吸收、促进骨形成有关。     

Expression of the calcium receptor CaR in the parathyroid of secondary hyperparathyroidism patients

The effects of calcium on parathyroid hormone (PTH) has further discovered in recent years. It has been known that calcium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid is a major determinant of PTH secretion. The relationship between serum intact PTH (iPTH) and calcium ion levels is described by a sigmoidal curve. The calcium concentration that produces half-maximal change in PTH release (the midpoint between maximal and minimal     

沸石分子筛材料中次级孔的研究——Ⅱ.Y型沸石晶内次级孔对扩散的影响

以含有次级孔的沸石的晶内扩散为研究对象,对来源于同一NaY母体的一组改性Y型沸石,进行了孔结构分析和正戊烷的扩散系数的测定。得到了具不同次级孔量的Y型沸石晶内扩散性能变化的规律。并采用随机游动方法对实际的Y型沸石晶内扩散进行模拟,得到了与实验测定一致的结果,从而可以对有次级孔的Y型沸石的晶内扩散做定量的估计。     

负载型丝光沸石催化剂的催化性能研究

运用二元碱氮置换吸附红外光谱法、分子筛孔径分布测定技术、XPS技术,考察了丝光沸石表面酸性与孔结构的相互关系、钯在丝光沸石上分布情况和价态及其与沸石的相互作用。结果表明,随着丝光沸石脱铝程度的增加,表面出现大量不规整晶格,存在较多的次级孔道。强质子酸中心主要分布在它的“外表面”。钯在其表面富集,并与“外表面”上的质子酸中心协同作用,促进了轻质烷烃异构化反应。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

长跑运动对老年人尺桡骨密度影响的观察

本文对63名老年长跑运动员及非运动老年人的尺桡骨骨密度进行了测定。结果表明,男性运动组尺、桡骨骨密度及风桡骨骨密度均值比非运动组显著升高,男性运动年限>10年组桡骨骨密度、尺桡骨骨密度均值明显高于运动年限≤10年组,而女性运动组尺桡骨骨密度及尺桡骨骨密度均值与非运动组相比无明显差异。提示,坚持长跑锻炼在预防老年性骨质疏松症中,对男性作用明显,而对女性作用不显著。     

High-dose gadoteridol in MR imaging of intracranial neoplasms.

Twelve patients with a high suspicion of brain metastases by previous clinical or radiologic examinations were studied in a phase III investigation with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T after a bolus intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol followed at 30 minutes by a second bolus injection of 0.2 mmol/kg gadoteridol. All lesions were best demonstrated (showed greatest enhancement) at the 0.3-mmol/kg (cumulative) dose, with image analysis confirming signal intensity enhancement in the majority of cases after the second gadoteridol injection. More lesions were detected with the 0.3-mmol/kg dose than with the 0.1-mmol/kg dose, and more lesions were detected with the 0.1-mmol/kg dose than on precontrast images. In this limited clinical trial, high-dose gadoteridol injection (0.3-mmol/kg cumulative dose) provided improved lesion detection on MR images specifically in intracranial metastatic disease.