A Study on Extension－Flexion Dynamic Lumbar Spine Radiographsin Patients with Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation

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Anterior lumbar fusion using a hybrid interbody graft

Summary This is a radiographic report of 40 patients (20 men, 20 women) who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusions (73 levels) utilizing a “hybrid” interbody graft composed of femoral cortical allograft (FCA) bone and iliac crest cancellous autograft bone. The average age at surgery was 38 years (range 17–64 years), and follow-up averaged 1.4 years (range 1.0–2.4 years). Nineteen of the patients had undergone previous lumbar surgery. Thirty-two patients (63 levels) underwent anterior fusion combined with some type of posterior fixation, and eight patients (10 levels) had no posterior fixation. Types of posterior fixation included: for 20 patients (36 levels) Steffee variable screw placement fixation, for 10 patients (23 levels) translaminar facet screws (TFS), for 1 patient (3 levels) Knodt rods and for 1 patient (1 level) facet screws. Based on the persistence of lucent lines at the graft-host interface, three patients (one level each) were felt to have non-unions at their latest follow-ups at 1.4, 1.5 and 2.0 years, respectively. Two of these patients had no posterior fixation, and the other had TFS fixation. The overall fusion rate was 96% (70 of 73 levels). The fusion rate for all levels treated with posterior fixation was 98% compared with 75% for those without fixation. Intervertebral disc heights (IVDH) were measured on all films and corrected for magnification with computer assistance. On average, the IVDH was increased postoperatively but returned to preoperative values at follow-up. IVDH loss was independent of the type of instrumentation used. No complications arose from the use of the hybrid graft. Incorporation of the allograft portion of the graft is slow and was felt to be complete in only 7 of the 73 levels at follow-up. We conclude that the hybrid interbody graft technique is a safe and reliable method for performing anterior lumbar interbody fusions and should be combined with some type of posterior fixation. Long-term follow-up will be required to assess the behaviour of the allograft until incorporation is complete.     

下腰椎后路手术并发脑脊液漏的处理

目的探讨下腰椎后路手术并发脑脊液漏的预防措施及处理。方法收集1999年1月-2004年6月259例下腰椎后路手术病例,腰间盘突出症174例,腰椎管狭窄症36例,腰椎滑脱症18例,腰椎间盘突出症失败再手术31例。术中发生硬脊膜损伤依次为8、5、2、6例,共计21例。术中采用硬脊膜破损口缝合术和明胶海绵封堵填塞法处理,术后采用侧俯卧头低腰高体位,引流管拔除时管口皮肤全层缝合,或经引流管口填塞明胶海绵 管口皮肤全层缝合及对症处理。结果21例中12例经术中及术后处理,切口1期愈合,未发生术后脑脊液漏(CSFL),9例术后发生CSFL,轻型2例、中型4例、重型3例。其中重型1例发生感染,其余8例术后9￣24d治愈。感染病例予以再次手术,再手术后第35d治愈。术后随访9￣31个月(平均16个月),全部病例未发生脑脊液囊肿形成,术后神经功能恢复良好。结论下腰椎后路手术发生CSFL,术中尽可能修复硬脊膜破损口并以明胶海绵填塞,术后采用头低腰高体位,适时拔除引流管并全层缝合管口皮肤等措施,可获得满意疗效。     

开放手术观察腰椎间盘突出症溶核失败45例分析

目的 通过开放手术观察分析椎间盘髓核化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症失败原因。方法 收集溶核失败的腰椎间盘突出症45例行开放手术治疗。结果 术中见45例硬膜外脂肪完全消失，43例髓核未见溶解，2例髓核溶解呈糊状但未被吸收，21例伴有侧隐窝狭窄，15例突出物与神经根粘连，20例黄韧带增厚，2例椎管骨性狭窄，14例突出物钙化。结论 腰椎间盘突出症病变间隙合并有侧隐窝狭窄、神经根粘连、椎管狭窄、突出物钙化等，不是溶核治疗的适应证。     

Intramedullary pilocytic astrocytomas — a clinical and morphological study after combined surgical and photon or neutron therapy

Ten patients suffering from intramedullary pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO-classification: astrocytoma grade I) were investigated catamnesticly. Combined surgery and radiotherapy was performed. Seven patients received neutron irradiation postoperatively. In four cases the neurological symptoms were improved after follow-up periods ranging from 33 to 89 months. The three other patients died after 6 to 21 months. The autopsy findings of a 14 year old child are presented. Our results are compared with reports in the literature. In addition, long-term problems of the spinal column are discussed. It seems that the combined surgical and neutron therapy improves the prognosis of pencil gliomas.     

超声引导胶原酶治疗外侧型腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨超声引导胶原酶治疗外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及安全性.方法在相应椎间盘突出的棘突间,旁开1.5～2.5cm处经皮穿刺,采用超声引导定位,穿刺成功后,先进行加压试验,再进行麻醉试验,无腰麻征象后,将胶原酶注入到突出的椎间盘内或周围.结果 231例病人出院时的优良率为92.21%,有效率为99.57%;随访1～5年的优良率为92.65%,有效率为99.58%.近期与远期疗效比较无显著性差异(χ2=0.129,P＞0.05).结论利用超声引导监测、定位,注射胶原酶治疗外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,安全性强、有效率高.     

经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱

目的 评价经关节突入路手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的应用价值。方法 2000年 9月 ~2003年 5月我院手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者 83例,随访患者 81例,年龄(55. 25±19. 21)岁,随访时间 (1. 68±0. 93)年。按照不同的手术入路方法分为两组,Ⅰ组经关节突入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定;Ⅱ组经椎板切除入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定。按各组术中的临床出血量、手术时间、术前和术后JOA评分等数据经SPSS11. 5统计软件处理数据。结果　术后采用Stauffer Coventry下腰椎术后疗效评定标准:临床优良率分别为 87%与 75%;术后神经功能改善率分别为 87. 81%与62. 88%。术后均无螺钉松动、断裂或者滑脱加重等并发症,有 3例假关节形成。结论　在峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的患者的手术治疗中,经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定技术具有良好的临床效果。     

腰骶椎前路同种异体骨垫的设计及其初步临床应用

目的研制出腰骶椎前路同种异体骨垫并评价其生物力学性能和初步临床疗效。方法①CT测量:通过CT扫描测量33名正常人腰骶椎各椎间隙的前后点高度、腰骶椎的矢、冠状径,为设计出同种异体骨垫提供解剖学依据。②生物力学试验:将设计出的骨垫与钛网、自体髂骨对比,评价它们在三维运动范围、最大拔出力、最大抗压负荷等方面的生物力学性能。③临床初步应用:在临床工作中选择合适病例5例,应用骨垫前路融合技术评价其初步临床疗效。结果①CT测量结果:正常腰骶椎椎间隙前高大于后高,两者之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。前/后高范围(9.03/7.11~13.93/9.73)mm。正常腰骶椎横径大于矢状径,两者之间存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),横径/矢状径范围是(40.51/29.38~46.20/33.98)mm。②生物力学评价:A、三维运动方面:骨垫、髂骨及钛网均能增强不稳节段的稳定性,C组、D组、E组、F组分别与B组比较,都存在显著性差异(P<0.01);但骨垫与钛网相比,两者的稳定性无明显差异(P>0.05);而与髂骨相比,骨垫更能增强脊柱稳定性,存在显著性统计学差异(P<0.01)。B、最大拔出力方面:骨垫、髂骨及钛网等三者之间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),髂骨<骨垫<钛网。C、最大抗压负荷方面:骨垫、钛网两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而与髂骨比较均存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。③临床疗效评价:本组病例均在随访之中,中、晚期疗效有待进一步观察评价。近期疗效根据Steffee方法评定临床结果。本组优3例,良2例,所有病例腰腿痛明显缓解或消失。术后X线片示其病变椎间隙高度恢复。结论腰骶椎前路骨垫设计符合腰椎生理解剖,短期内已具有足够抗压、抗滑、稳定脊柱节段的生物力学性能;其临床应用操作简单安全,恢复椎间隙高度好,融合后无异物遗留等优点。     

AF系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴脊髓损伤

2004年4月～2005年12月,我科采用AF系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴脊髓损伤14例,取得满意疗效。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组14例,男11例,女3例,年龄20～69岁。骨折部位:T122例,L18例,L24例。神经损伤按Frankel标准分级:B级5例,C级7例,D级2例。1例在伤后6d手术,其余13例均于伤后48h内手术。X线摄片示:椎体前缘压缩1/3者4例,1/2者9例,2/3者1例。CT扫描示:椎管内骨折块占位达1/3者5例,1/3～1/2者8例,1/2以上者1例。1.2治疗方法气管插管全麻,患者俯卧位,后正中线切口。在C臂X线机监视下拧入4枚椎弓根钉,再组装AF系统,予骨折复位。1例行椎管…