质子磁共振波谱对创伤后应激障碍患者海马神经元异常的诊断价值

目的 探讨质子磁共振波谱（1HMRS）在诊断创伤后应激障碍（post traumatic stress disorder，PTSD）患者海马神经元异常中的价值。方法 对19例PTSD患者及19例健康对照组行常规MRI和1HMRS检查。结果 PTSD患者MRI检查未出现信号的异常。19例患者两侧海马均显示NAA／Cr明显减低，与健康对照组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；而患者两侧海马的Cho／Cr与健康对照组相比，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 1HMRS揭示了PTSD时海马存在着神经元的丢失或功能紊乱，而这些改变是构成PTSD的神经生物学基础之一。     

慢性束缚应激对大鼠行为及前额叶皮质细胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化的影响

目的 探讨慢性束缚应激模型大鼠的行为及前额叶皮质中磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK1／2）表达的变化。方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和束缚应激组，每组8只。将束缚应激组大鼠放入特制的束缚器中限制其活动，6k／d，连续21d。比较应激前后大鼠旷场行为和Morris水迷宫行为学的改变，用蛋白免疫印迹技术和免疫组织化学方法观察应激后大鼠前额叶皮质P—ERK1／2表达的变化，并与正常对照组比较。结果 （1）行为学改变：应激后，束缚应激组大鼠的水平活动度[（4265±864）mm]少于正常对照组[（8562±502）mm]，中央停留时间[（39．1±4．3）s]长于正常对照组[（24．6±1．6）s]，均P〈0．01；束缚应激组大鼠在Morris水迷宫实验的目标象限活动时间[（57．2±1．7）s]和穿越站台次数[（2．0±0．8）次]均少于正常对照组[分别为（70．7±3．6）s和（6．2±1．0）次；均P〈0．01]。（2）p-ERK1／2蛋白水平：应激后束缚应激组吸光度（A）值[（0．767±0．006）]低于正常对照组[（0．813±0．015）；P〈0．05]。（3）p-ERK1／2阳性细胞数：应激后束缚应激组[（76±5）个]少于正常对照组[（110±14）个；P〈0．05]，且树突染色浅淡。结论 慢性心理应激明显影响动物的活动度和记忆能力；前额叶皮质中p-ERK1／2表达的减少，提示ERK信号转导通路可能参与了应激发生的机制。     

冷束缚应激大鼠室旁核Fos表达的检测

目的：探讨应激对下丘脑室旁核中Fos表达的影响，以期揭示应激性溃疡发病的神经内分泌机制。方法：采用SD大鼠冷束缚应激模型，用免疫组织化学方法检测应激前后大鼠下丘脑室旁核Fos的表达。结果：应激后室旁核Fos阳性细胞数量显著增多（t=26.7,P＜0．001）。结论：室旁核可能参与了应激性溃疡的病理过程。     

The role of mast cells and histamine in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in four rat strains

 The objective of the present study was to determine the role of mast cells and histamine in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in mesenteric venules of four rat strains: Brown Norway, Lewis, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar. Intravital microscopy showed that the mast cell stabilizer cromoglycate (5 mg/kg i.v. just before exteriorization of the mesentery) did not affect the baseline level and velocity of leukocyte rolling in any of the four strains. This finding is in agreement with the observation that cromoglycate pretreatment only slightly influenced mast cell degranulation in all strains except the Brown Norway. After mast cell stabilization, only in Sprague-Dawley did topical administration of histamine (10^–4 M) result in a significant increase in the level of leukocyte rolling and a decrease in the rolling velocity compared with the time control. Histamine induced leukocyte adhesion only in the Brown Norway strain. In conclusion, the hypothesis presented in other studies, that degranulation of mast cells, and more specifically the release of histamine, is of major importance for the induction of leukocyte-endothelium interactions in rat mesenteric venules is not generally applicable; the present study shows a clear strain dependency. Received: 18 July 1997 / Received after revision: 17 November 1997 / Accepted: 13 March 1998     

Strain Difference of Susceptibility to 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide-induced Tongue Carcinoma in Rats

Strain difference of susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue among Dark-Agouti, Long-Evans, Sprague-Dawley, ACI/Ms, Fischer 344, Donryu and Wistar/Furth rats was surveyed by evaluating the survival times, incidences and sizes of developed tumors as markers of susceptibility. Administration of 4NQO dissolved in drinking water induced squamous cell carcinomas in various sites of the upper digestive tract mucosa of all the experimental male and female rats of the seven strains. Regarding the mean survival times, Wistar/Furth rats survived much longer than any other strain of rats, and Dark-Agouti showed the shortest survival. The incidence of large, mass-type carcinomas of the tongue of Dark-Agouti rats was higher than in any other strain of rats, while that of Wistar/Furth rats was the lowest. Subsequently the mitotic activity and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in the tongue epithelium of Dark-Agouti and Wistar/Furth rats were estimated after a short-term administration of 4NQO. There was a pronounced difference between the two strains of rats, because the proliferative responses of the tongue epithelium of Dark-Agouti rats to the 4NQO stimulation were much higher than those of Wistar/Furth rats. These results indicated that there are marked differences in the susceptibility to 4NQO-induced tongue carcinoma among the seven strains of rats, and that Dark-Agouti and Wistar/Furth rats could be useful as models of highly and poorly susceptible strains, respectively, for further genetic analysis.     

Isolated and combined effects of prolonged exposures to noise and whole-body vibration on hearing,vision and strain

Summary This study was carried out in order: (1) to examine the effects of isolated and combined prolonged exposures to noise and whole-body vibration on hearing, vision and subjectively experienced strain, and (2) to check the combined effects with repeated exposures. Six male subjects were exposed twice to noise (N) at 92 dBA, whole-body vibration (V) in the Z-axis at 4 Hz and 1.0 ms^–2 rms, and noise and vibration (NV) for 90 min with each condition. Temporary threshold shifts of hearing (TTS) and their integrals (ITTS) were measured at 4, 6, 10, and 12 kHz. Visual acuity was examined by means of a very sensitive test. Cross-modality matching (CMM) of the handgrip force was used to judge the subjectively experienced strain. NV induced a clear tendency of higher TTS and ITTS than N, with several significant differences most pronounced at 10 kHz. With repeated exposures, the effect of NV decreased, while the reactions to N and V remained unchanged. The individual reactions to NV differed. The influence of the duration of exposures on vision depended on the condition; N caused time-dependent changes, whereas V did not. CMM-data increased with the duration of the exposure during V and NV. N was generally judged to be more straining than V; NV caused higher strain than V during the first 30 min of exposure only. Correlations between different effects suggest certain links between them. Additionally, less motivation — daily obtained by a questionnaire — often correlated with higher ITTS during N and NV. The results also illustrate the combined effects on the individual susceptibility, repetition of exposure, the kind of response, and, possibly, the actual psychic state.Abbreviations CMM cross-modality matching - MVC maximum voluntary contraction force - N exposure condition: noise level 92dBA, no whole-body vibration - NV exposure condition: combined exposure to noise with a level of 92 dBA and wholebody vibration with 4 Hz, 1 ms^–2 rms - V exposure condition: whole-body vibration with 4 Hz, 1 ms^–2 rms - TTS temporary threshold shift - ITTS integral of temporary threshold shift - WBV whole-body vibration in the common sense This work was done in the Temporary International Research Team on Combined Effects of Noise and Vibration of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance of the Socialist Countries. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and assistance of L.-M. Brumm, Y. Bening, M. Godau, G. Weber, and R. Vizcaino.     

应力松弛接骨板对骨几何形态和力学性能影响的实验观察

作者采用粘弹性材料制成垫圈置于接骨板螺孔与螺丝钉之间，构成应力松弛接骨板系统。实验证实，有垫与无垫接骨板在固定早期对模拟骨的应力遮挡作用相同，固定８周后垫圈出现明显变形和破坏，使有垫接骨板的应力遮挡率从第１０周起明显低于无垫接骨板。有垫接骨板固定的胫骨骨质疏松明显轻于无垫组，固定２０周后，有垫组的胫骨髓腔径明显小于无垫组，骨皮质厚度和胫骨抗弯强度均明显大于无垫组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。说明应力松弛接骨板系统早期具有与坚强接骨板相同的固定作用，后期其应力遮挡效应可逐渐减小，避免严重的骨质疏松和骨力学性能下降。     

胫骨应力骨折(附30例临床X线诊断分析)

本文对30例(31个)胫骨应力骨折进行了临床、X线征象分析。并对其发生机制,诊断及鉴别诊断中的一些问题进行了讨论。     

静态尿道压力测定和应力性尿道压力测定在女性真性压力性尿失禁诊断中的应用

目的探讨静态尿道压力测定(RUPP)和应力性尿道压力测定(SUPP)在女性真性压力性尿失禁(GSI)诊断中的应用价值。方法对30例临床诊断为GSI的患者进行RUPP及SUPP测定,比较其结果,以15例正常女性作为对照。结果静态尿道压力测定,SCI组的最大尿道关闭压和控制带长度较正常对照组小。应力性尿道压力测定中,患者压力传导率(PTR)及尿道关闭压(UCP)以多次咳嗽的平均值计算,GSI组PTR及UCP各为(0.63±0.24)、(-26.58±21.43cmH2O),而正常组PTR及UCP各为(1.78±0.12)与(83.42±37.23cmH2O)。两组间上述指标的差异均有显著性意义(p<0.01)。结论SUPP和RUPP在GSI的诊断中均具有一定意义,对于症状较轻的尿失禁患者的诊断,两者联合应用可以提高GSI的诊断水平。     

重型颅脑损伤后应激性溃疡防治与胃肠道感染的相关性及对策

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤患者应用洛赛克对应激性溃疡进行防治与胃肠道感染几率增加之间的关系及治疗对策。方法回顾近3年来我院收治的重型颅脑损伤并存活30 d以上病人176例,测定不同时间胃液pH值并分析防治应激性溃疡与发生胃肠道感染的相关性以及相应对策。结果在126例持续应用洛赛克的患者中,持续应用＞7 d的患者胃肠道感染发生率明显高于持续应用≤7 d的病人。其余50例间隔应用洛赛克患者与126例持续应用洛赛克患者相比,应激性溃疡发生率无明显差别,但间隔应用洛赛克患者胃肠道感染发生率较持续应用洛赛克＞7 d的患者明显下降。结论重型颅脑损伤患者应激性溃疡防治＞7 d者,由于胃酸分泌严重抑制,增加胃肠道感染发生率。间隔性应用洛赛克治疗在抑制胃酸分泌,减少应激性溃疡发生的同时,可明显减少胃肠道感染的发生。