A study for evaluating the effect of the deltoid-flap repair in massive rotator cuff defects

The repair of massive cuff defects by direct suture often is impossible. In these cases, a repair by musculo–tendineous flaps (latissimus-dorsi, pectoralis or deltoideus) is required. It was the goal of this study to evaluate the result of delta-flap repair in case of massive cuff defects with a diameter of 5 cm or more. Between 1998 and 2000 for all patients who were suffering from a massive rotator cuff tear more than 5 cm a deltoid transfer was performed. A total of 20 patients (14 male, 6 female; age: 60.9 ± 8.7 years) were available for a follow-up after 47.2 ± 8.0 (range, 36 to 60) month. The operation included an arthroscopic evaluation, acromioplasty with resection of the lateral clavicular end, and biceps tenodesis. The cuff defect was repaired by transfer a muscular flap from the anterior part of the deltoid (about 2×6 cm) into the defect. The patients subjectively rated their result—10 excellent, 9 good, and 1 poor. Preoperatively, the Constant amounted 26.3 ± 5.1 points. At follow-up, the score significantly increased to 74.5 ± 8.5 points. The acromiohumeral distance increased from 4.9 ± 1.1 to 9.2 ± 1.7 mm. In MRI examination of 11 patients all had an intact flap. Two complications (a wound hematoma and a deep infection) did not influence the result. The repair of massive rotator cuff tears by a deltoid transfer produces acceptable clinical and radiological results.     

胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支切断的小腿减肥术

目的探索缩小小腿腓肠肌改善小腿外形的手术方法。方法通过窝皮肤皱襞4~5cm横切口,切断胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支,使腓肠肌内侧头失神经萎缩,达到小腿减肥的目的。测量并记录小腿周径和外形的变化。结果本组16例患者行胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支切断术后,小腿最大周径平均缩小(3.5±1.1)cm。小腿内侧曲线变得平缓。患者术后可立即下地行走,无明显肿胀。随访半年,站立、行走等日常活动未受影响。结论行胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支切断术,可缩小小腿,改善小腿外形,方法简便、安全,效果明显,同时不影响患者的行走功能。     

Lumbar Spinal Cord Stimulation Can Improve Muscle Strength and Gait Independently of the Analgesic Effect: A Case Report

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is widely used for pain relief in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), and muscle weakness is a common finding in patients with chronic pain. We present here a single case report of a 47‐year‐old woman, who, after SCS for FBSS, had continuous improvement in lower leg muscle strength and gait, but only transient and minimal pain relief. To the authors’ knowledge, this is only the second published case report of significant improvement in “motor” function, independent of the analgesic effect following SCS in FBSS. If SCS, in fact, does improve muscle strength, new strategies for the management of patients with chronic pain might be opened up. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.     

颈肩背轴型反流皮瓣修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩

目的探讨修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩一种实用而较理想的方法.方法以颈横动脉浅支为蒂,利用其与旋肩胛动脉皮支的丰富吻合,反流形成超长的轴型皮瓣,向前旋转修复瘢痕松解后的颈前创面.结果采用本皮瓣修复30例儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩,其中18例随访2年,颈部活动自如,颌骨发育无明显异常,皮瓣色泽良好,效果令人满意.结论本皮瓣轴型血管恒定,反流灌注动脉压高有保证,供瓣面积充足,供区多可直接拉拢缝合,是修复儿童颏颈瘢痕挛缩的较理想方法.     

Improvements in healthcare and cost benefits associated with botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity and muscle overactivity

Spasticity is a widespread, disabling form of muscle overactivity affecting patients with central nervous system damage resulting in upper motor neurone syndrome. There is a range of effective therapies for the treatment of spasticity (e.g. physical, anaesthetic, chemodenervation and neurolytic injections, systemic medication and surgery), but all therapies must be based on an individualized, multidisciplinary programme targeted to achieve patient goals. Appropriate therapy should be based on the extent and severity of spasticity, but spasticity and its consequences, regardless of presentation or cause, are commonly treated with systemic agents. This may be ill-advised as systemic treatment is associated with many undesirable effects. In particular, elderly patients with post-stroke spasticity are at risk from the central adverse effects of systemic medication (e.g. sedation and gait disturbance), which make them more susceptible to falling, with an associated increased risk of fracture. The rising costs of fracture care and its sequelae are fast becoming an international problem contributing to high healthcare expenditure. Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) treatment is highly effective for some of the more common forms of spasticity and muscle overactivity, and has a favourable profile when compared with systemic agents and other focal treatments. Therefore, the clinical benefits of BoNT-A treatment outweigh the apparent high costs of this intervention, showing it to be a cost-effective treatment.     

Horizontal advancement flap for lateral dorsal nasal defects

BACKGROUND: Repairing dorsal nasal defects is a frequent challenge for dermatologic surgeons, mainly due to the high frequency of basal cell carcinomas on this site. Obvious scars, mismatched skin and distortion of the nasal contour are the surgical hazards that must be avoided in these cases. AIM: Our aim was to perform surgery involving a simple flap in order to repair medium to large defects on the dorsal side of the nose. METHODS: The dorsal horizontal advancement flap was studied in 12 patients, in order to evaluate the benefits and limits of this surgical procedure. RESULTS: The resulting scars on most of our patients were well-camouflaged among their natural skin lines, and there was neither distortion of the alar contour nor the nostril. CONCLUSIONS: This flap is easy to perform and, in selected cases, provides an outstanding alternative to second-intention healing, full-thickness skin grafts, transposition, rotation and pedicle flaps.     

游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管临床观察

目的:探讨游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管的可行性、技术操作方法及疗效。方法:回顾性分析采用游离空肠重建下咽颈段食管11例,其中喉癌术后复发1例,颈段食管癌2例,下咽癌8例。术中切除喉、下咽、颈段食管及部分颈段气管1例,切除喉、下咽及颈段食管8例,保留喉切除颈段食管2例。所有病例均给予颈淋巴清扫。术后放射治疗3例,剂量50~55Gy。结果:术后除1例移植肠管坏死改用前臂游离桡侧皮瓣卷成皮管移植重建外,其余10例均成活,成功率为90.9%。肠管成活病例中无咽瘘、感染等并发症发生,随访3~27个月,喉癌术后复发患者1例术后2个月肿瘤再发,出现吞咽梗阻。结论:游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管手术成功率高,恢复消化道的连续性安全可靠,内侧为黏膜的空肠瓣是下咽颈段食管极好的修复材料。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效.方法：2003年6月～2005年9月收治74例胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折患者,根据手术方法不同分为A组（椎体后凸成形术组,24例）和B组（椎弓根螺钉固定组,50例）.比较两组术前术后椎体前缘、中线、后缘高度变化,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue pain scale,VAS）,手术时间,出血量等方面的差异.结果：两组对椎体高度的恢复比较无统计学意义,A组的手术时间和出血量较B组少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,术后VAS评分A组较B组低（P＜0.01）.结论：经皮椎体后凸成形术与椎弓根螺钉系统治疗椎体压缩性骨折具有相似效果,但经皮椎体后凸成形术具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少等微创优点.     

游离腓骨皮瓣移植Ⅰ期修复胫骨创伤性骨髓炎骨皮缺损

[目的]探讨游离腓骨皮瓣移植Ⅰ期修复胫骨创伤性骨髓炎合并骨皮缺损的方法和疗效。[方法]对156例胫骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎合并骨皮缺损患者，在行病灶清除的基础上行游离腓骨皮瓣移植，Ⅰ期修复骨皮缺损。[结果]经术后6—60个月的随访，皮瓣全部成活，发生静脉危象6例，再次吻合成功；伤口Ⅰ期愈合140例，Ⅱ期愈合13例，遗留窦道3例；骨髓炎复发2例。移植腓骨全部愈合，愈合时间2—6个月，平均3．2个月。[结论]慢性骨髓炎合并骨皮缺损可应用显微外科技术Ⅰ期修复。但是在感染的基础上进行手术，有一定的风险，严格掌握适应证。