关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定腘绳肌重建膝后交叉韧带的疗效评价

目的 探讨关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定腘绳肌腱单束重建膝后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)的效果.方法 2004年4月～2005年4月,我院25例(25膝)经关节镜检查证实为PCL断裂,在关节镜下行自体腘绳肌腱单束PCL 重建术,生物可吸收挤压螺钉解剖位固定重建韧带. 结果 手术时间平均90min(80～100min).25例膝术毕PCL重建后后抽屉试验均为阴性.术后住院时间7～14 d,平均10.4 d.25例术后随访12～24个月,平均18个月,23例膝后抽屉试验阴性,2例后抽屉试验1级.术后12个月Lysholm膝关节功能评分由术前(44.8±8.1)分提高至(77.8±6.4)分(t=-15.999,P=0.000).按国际膝关节文件编制委员会膝关节标准评价膝关节功能分级,术前异常(C级)10例、显著异常(D级)15例,随访时正常(A级)8例、接近正常(B级)15例、异常(C级)2例(Z=-4.394,P=0.000). 结论 关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定自体腘绳肌腱单束重建膝PCL创伤小,固定可靠,手术操作简单,术后膝关节功能恢复效果好.     

Tendon Graft—Ulna Fixation in Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint Stabilisation; Biomechanical Comparison of Three Graft-Bone Fixation Methods

A common distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) stabilisation procedure uses a tendon graft running from the lip of the radial sigmoid notch to the ulnar fovea and through a bony tunnel to the ulnar shaft, before being wrapped round the distal ulna and sutured to itself. Such graft fixation can be challenging and requires a considerable tendon length. The graft length could be reduced by fixing the graft to the ulna using a bone anchor or interference screw. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of three distal ulna graft fixation methods (tendon wrapping and suturing, bone anchor and interference screw). Four human cadaveric ulnae were used. A tendon strip was run through a tunnel in the distal ulna and secured by: (1) wrapping round the shaft and suturing it to itself, (2) a bone anchor and (3) an interference screw in the bone tunnel. Load to failure was determined using a custom-made apparatus and an Instron machine. Maximum failure load was highest for the bone anchor fixation (99.3 ± 23.7 N) followed by the suturing (96.2 ± 12.1 N), and the interference screw fixation (46.9 ± 5.6 N). There was no significant difference between the tendon suturing and bone anchor methods, but the tendon suturing was statistically significantly higher compared to the interference screw (P = 0.028). In performing anatomical stabilisation of the DRUJ fixation of the tendon graft to the distal ulna with a bone anchor provides the most secure fixation. This may make the stabilisation technique less demanding and require a smaller tendon graft.     

单枚椎间融合器并对侧经皮椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学研究

目的对单枚融合器联合单侧钉棒系统固定的生物力学性能进行评价。方法5具新鲜小牛腰椎标本，建立以下力学模型：A组：双侧开窗＋双枚融合器置入＋双侧椎弓根钉棒固定；B组：单侧小关节切除＋单枚融合器斜向置入＋同侧椎弓根钉棒固定；C组：单侧开窗＋单枚融合器置入＋同侧椎弓根钉棒固定；D组：单侧开窗＋单枚融合器置入＋对侧椎弓根钉棒固定。在生物力学平台上测试各试验组在不同工况下的ROM值。结果A组的固定最稳固，各工况下ROM值最低。B组的前后抗弯ROM值与A组差异无显著性，其左右侧弯和旋转方向的稳定性较A组有所降低。与B组比较，D组的前后弯曲性能与B组差异无显著性，其左右侧弯方向的ROM低与B组。两组的抗旋转ROM值差异无显著性。C组的左右抗弯及抗旋转性能均差于B、D组。结论单枚椎间融合器联合对侧椎弓根钉棒固定是一种力学性能较为优良组合，可以替代单侧斜向融合器并同侧椎弓根钉棒技术用于下腰椎微创手术。     

应用动力髁螺钉联合骨肽注射液治疗股骨髁上骨不连疗效观察

目的观察应用动力髁螺钉联合骨肽注射液治疗股骨髁上骨不连的疗效。方法53例股骨髁上骨不连患者随机分为两组：对照组（26例）和治疗组（27例）,两组均应用动力髁螺钉治疗,治疗组加用骨肽注射液治疗。随访,进行疗效评价,记录骨愈合时间和测定疼痛指数。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论应用动力髁螺钉联合骨肽注射液治疗股骨髁上骨不连可提高疗效。     

X线透视导航下动力髋(髁)螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨X线透视导航技术在动力髋(髁)螺钉系统治疗股骨转子间骨折中的临床应用。方法应用连接在标准动力髋(髁)器械上的适配器,X线透视导航辅助完成术中松质骨拉力螺钉在股骨颈通道内的入点选择及拉力螺钉的置入。结果8例股骨转子间骨折的应用结果令人满意。手术时间平均为48.8min,X线图像采集平均3.4次。术中和术后无并发症发生。结论肯定了X线透视导航技术在动力髋(髁)螺钉系统治疗股骨转子间骨折中应用的可行性。术中只需1次X线成像就能做出虚拟的手术环境和路径;导航的瞬时追踪功能使术者能实时监测,减少了X线辐射量,缩短了手术时间,提高了拉力螺钉置入的准确度,减小了手术创伤。     

CD-Horizon器械治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的临床研究

[目的]探讨特发牲脊柱侧凸治疗方法,总结应用CD-Horizon(CD-H)钉-棒系统与钉-钩-棒系统的治疗效果。[方法]自2000年1月~2004年1月,采用CD-H器械治疗85例特发性脊柱侧凸患者,其中钉-棒系统51例(A组),钉-钩-棒系统34例(B组),比较术前、术后与随访2年冠状面与矢状面的角度及旋转度。[结果]85例患者平均随访3年半,术后及随访2年时冠状面及矢状面矫正率A组明显优于B组(P<0.05)。术后2年2组冠状面矫正度的丢失有明显的差异。2组患者旋转矫正Ⅰ~Ⅱ度。术前、术后及术后2年,2组Cobb s角自身得分显示术后明显低于术前(P<0.05),与术后2年随访得分相比无差异(P>0.05)。[结论]CD-Horizon器械是治疗特发性脊柱侧凸比较有效的方法,钉-棒系统较钉-钩-棒系统相比效果更佳。     

可吸收螺钉与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折应用选择比较

[目的]比较可吸收螺钉与传统克氏针张力带钢丝治疗髌骨骨折的有关问题,探讨可吸收螺钉在髌骨骨折治疗中的价值。[方法]采用聚-DL-乳酸(poly-DL-lacticacid,PDLLA)自膨胀可吸收螺钉治疗髌骨骨折组94例,男53例,女41例;平均40.5岁,平均随访时间32周。传统克氏针张力带钢丝组90例,男47例,女43例;平均38.5岁,平均随访时间30周。2组比较采用成组设计t检验。比较术后2组骨折临床愈合时间,8周时膝关节屈曲角度、与健侧相比关节活动丧失角度,2组手术时间,一次性住院费用和并发症等问题。[结果]通过随访,可吸收螺钉组临床愈合时间平均(10±2.0)周,术后8周膝关节屈曲角度平均为115°±10°、与健侧相比关节活动丧失10°±6.8°,手术时间平均60 min,无1例并发症;传统克氏针张力带钢丝组临床愈合时间(12±2.0)周,术后8周膝关节屈曲角度平均105°±8°、与健侧相比关节活动丧失15°±6°,手术时间平均55 min、一次住院费用平均9 430±1 000元,其中6例克氏针滑出并针眼感染、2例克氏针钢丝断裂、3例再次手术见张力带钢丝松动骨折移位愈合、1例髌骨骨质受损行石膏托固定。[结论]PDLLA自膨胀可吸收螺钉治疗髌骨骨折相比克氏针张力带钢丝法,具有髌骨周围软组织刺激症状少、内固定更稳定的优点。临床愈合时间相对较短,关节功能恢复更理想,病程中住院费用低,无并发症,且无需2次取出内固定,是一种值得推广和进一步探讨的方法。     

神经导航技术在脊柱固定手术中的应用(附16例报告)

目的探索使用神经导航技术进行脊柱内固定。方法在神经导航辅助下,对16例患者置入70根椎弓根(侧块)螺钉。通过术后X线摄片核实椎弓根螺钉置入的准确性。结果置入的70根椎弓根(侧块)螺钉长度和直径选择合适,其中68根(97·1%)固定位置及方向准确;早期曾有1根穿出至椎体前方(<1mm),未作处理;1根穿出至椎间盘,经翻修后固定情况良好。无神经和血管损伤症状。结论使用神经导航技术,可以前瞻性地判断置入椎弓根(侧块)钉的大小、位置,实时监测置入过程,提高置入的准确性和安全性。术中脊柱影像三维重建及注册配准对神经导航的准确性有较大影响。     

椎弓根螺钉联合椎间植骨融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症的远期疗效分析

[目的]探讨椎弓根螺钉系统联合椎间植骨融合器治疗峡部不连性腰椎滑脱症的远期疗效。[方法]自1996年10月~2002年10月本组收治峡部不连性腰椎滑脱症105例,随访资料齐全者86例。所有患者均行椎弓根螺钉系统复位滑脱,椎间植骨融合器行椎间融合固定。62例患者中1枚融合器从后斜向前呈45°植入,24例为2枚融合器从后向前垂直植入。随访测定固定节段的椎体间有无移位、滑脱有无复发,比较术前、术后2周及随访时固定椎间隙高度与近端第2椎间隙高度比值的变化。[结果]随访2~8年,平均35个月。根据NaKai评分标准,本组优56例,良13例,可17例,优良率为80.23%。Ⅰ度腰椎滑脱19例术后全部解剖复位;Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱51例中5例遗留Ⅰ度滑脱;Ⅲ度腰椎滑脱16例中4例留有Ⅰ度滑脱。末次随访时使用1枚融合器或2枚融合器所固定的椎间隙高度与近端第2椎间隙高度的比值与术后2周时的比值相比有所减低,滑脱无复发。[结论]椎弓根螺钉加椎间植骨融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症手术疗效满意,显著提高融合率,预防神经根管狭窄、神经卡压的发生,减少术后断钉和滑脱复发等问题。     

Pedicle screw fixation with translaminar facet joint screws for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Cotrel-Dubeusset (CD) instrumentation combined with translaminar facet joint screw ( TLS ) in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture. Methods: A total of six L2-L4 spines were used to establish unstable fracture model with three-dimensional range of motion ( ROM ) of the spines measured. Fixation with CD and fixation with CD combined with translaminar facet joint screw were achieved to compare their stability. Thirty cases of thoracolumbar fracture, in whom the anterior edge of vertebral body was compressed to 59% and the posterior edge compressed to 88%, were treated by pedicle screw fixation combined with TLS. Among them, 19 received posterolateral or anterior-posterior bone grafting Results- There was significant difference in ROM between the two techniques except that in extension. In Group CD TLS, ROM was 5.38% lower, lateral bending 4.91% lower and axial rotation 11.85 % lower than those in Group CD respectively. In the clinical group, the average anterior edge restored to 97 % and posterior edge to 98%. The duration of follow-up was 5-24 months (mean, 10 months). The rate of correction loss on the anterior edge was 4.5%. Among the 19 cases of bone grafting, all of them achieved bony fusion (mean fusion time, 4.3 month) with a correction loss rate of 3.4%. Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture, pedicle screw fixation combined with TLS can strengthen the stability of pedicle screws, especially antirotation stability and enhance fusion rate and reduce correction loss.