单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤

目的 探讨单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的疗效。方法 无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤15例，均行单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术。采用JOA、Frankel分级及影像学进行疗效评价。结果 平均随访2年5个月，JOA评分术后改善率为35．83％，Frankel分级B→C1例，C→C2例，C→D7例，D→D2例，D→E3例。影像学检查示15例颈椎生理屈度正常，未发现有再“关门”及不稳定现象。结论 单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术由于重建了颈后方韧带复合体，对于改善和维持颈椎的生理曲度、稳定性方面具有重要的临床意义。     

腰椎管成形术的生物力学研究

目的:研究单个椎板腰椎椎管成形术对腰椎三维运动稳定性的影响。方法:选用6具成人新鲜尸体腰椎（L1~5）标本(南方医科大学解剖教研室提供),采用不同的椎管成形椎板回植技术分为6组：即A正常对照组,B椎板回植后微型钛板固定组,C椎板回植后交叉克氏针固定组,D椎板回植后双股丝线固定组,E不保留后部韧带的椎板回植微型钛板固定组,F不保留后部韧带的椎管减压组,形成6种状态,通过脊柱三维运动试验机施加10 Nm的载荷,使脊柱产生前屈/后伸,左/右侧屈和左/右轴向旋转运动,测量L3/4节段脊柱的相对运动范围。结果： 六种状态下脊柱的屈伸活动分别为(7.03±2.24)°,(7.16±2.95)°,　(7.4±2.47)°,(8.55±3.31)°,(11.1±2.81)°,(10.82±2.82)°,左右侧屈活动范围分别为(8.8±2.68)°,(8.81±2.42)°,　(8.76±1.81)°,(9.55±3.15)°,(9.12±1.97)°,(9.49±2.78)°,左右旋转活动范围(3.96±2.03)°, (5.04±2.82)°, (4.99±　2.60)°,(5.56±2.47)°,(6.03±2.62)°, (6.03±2.73)° 保留后部韧带结构椎管成形不保留后部韧带及椎管减压组组相比能够显著增加脊柱稳定性,尤其在屈伸活动状态下（P<0.05）,其中丝线固定同其他两种固定方式相比对脊柱三维稳定性影响最大（P<0.05）,微形钛板成形及克氏针固定组对脊柱稳定性影响最小。结论: 椎管成形后固定效果较为可靠的是微型钛板及克氏针固定,单纯骨性椎管成形不保留后部韧带和椎板切除椎管减压均显著降底脊柱初期稳定性,椎管成形术需可靠修复后部韧带复合体。     

不典型脊髓型颈椎病的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨症状和体征不典型的脊髓型颈椎病(cervicalspondyloticmyelopathy,CSM)的临床表现及其诊断治疗。方法 对过去4年中7例不典型颈椎病的诊断治疗进行回顾分析。其中4例行前路椎间盘髓核摘除、椎间植骨和钢板内固定,3例行后路椎管单开门扩大成形术。结果 按JOA评分标准：优4例,良2例。中1例。结论 不典型CSM应遵循早诊断、早治疗的原则,及时的手术治疗可以取得良好效果。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管成形并神经根管扩大治疗脊髓型颈椎病的效果观察

目的观察颈椎后路单开门椎管成形并神经根管扩大治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法将60例脊髓型颈椎病患者随机分为对照组(n=30)和实验组(n=30),对照组采用颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术治疗,实验组采用颈椎后路单开门椎管成形并神经根管扩大治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、手术前后疼痛程度及术后并发症情况。结果 60例患者手术全部顺利完成,实验组的治疗总有效率高于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P均<0.05)。实验组术后1周、 1个月及3个月的VAS评分均低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管成形并神经根管扩大治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者的脊髓神经功能,减轻术后疼痛,降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

Single door laminoplasty plus posterior fusion for posterior atlantoaxial dislocation with congenital malformation: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDPosterior atlantoaxial dislocation (PAD) is a rare type of upper cervical spine disease. We sought to describe a unreported case of old PAD with os odontoideum (OO) and atlas hypoplasia (AH) and our unique treatment approach consisting of C1 single door laminoplasty with C1-3 posterior fixation and fusion.CASE SUMMARYA 70-year-old male patient who suffered from progressive aggravating numbness and limb weakness for 4 years without trauma, was diagnosed with old PAD with OO and AH. The patient underwent closed reduction and C1 single door laminoplasty with C1-3 posterior fixation and fusion instead of C1 laminectomy with occipitocervical fusion. During the 3-year follow-up, he was able to walk by himself instead of using a wheelchair and with a ± 25° range of head rotation as well as a ± 10° range of flexion-extension. Three-year follow-up images showed satisfactory reduction and fusion.CONCLUSIONC1 single door laminoplasty with cervical fusion in PAD combined with spinal cord compression could be a suitable and effective surgical option. Compared with laminectomy and occipitocervical fusion, it retains more cervical range of motion, has a smaller incision and provides an adequate bone grafting space for atlantoaxial fusion.     

改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的对比研究

目的:保留颈半棘肌肌止,颈7椎板造穹隆,锚定法单开门椎管扩大的椎管成形术式和传统的单开门成形术治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效比较。方法:分析应用改良单开门椎管成形术与传统单开门椎管成形术的40例治疗多节段颈椎病患者的临床资料。改良组25例,传统组15例。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前术后JOA评分及颈部痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),术后随访时颈椎总活动度及轴性症状进行比较。结果:两种方法手术时间,术中出血量无统计学差异(P>0.05);术前JOA评分、VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后JOA评分、神经功能改善率改良组与传统组相比有升高趋势;改良组术后VAS评分明显低于传统组(P<0.05);末次随访时颈椎总活动度改良组角度大于传统组(P<0.05);传统组8例(50%)患者出现轴性症状,改良组8例(33%),两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:保留颈半棘肌肌止,颈7椎板造穹隆,锚定法单开门椎管扩大的椎管成形术能明显减少术后轴性症状的发生,改善颈部疼痛,增加颈椎活动度,具有一定的神经功能改善作用。     

Micro-CT evaluation and histological analysis of screw-bone interface of expansive pedicle screw in osteoporotic sheep

Objective： To investigate the properties of screwbone interface of expansive pedicle screw （EPS） in osteoporotic sheep by micro-CT and histological observation.
Methods： Six female sheep with bilateral ovariectomyinduced osteoporosis were employed in this experiment. After EPS insertion in each femoral condyle, the sheep were randomly divided into two groups： 3 sheep were bred for 3 months （Group A）, while the other 3 were bred for 6 months （Group B）. After the animals being killed, the femoral condyles with EPS were obtained, which were three-dimensionally-imaged and reconstructed by micro-CT. Histological evalu-ation was made thereafter.
Results： The trabecular microstructure was denser at the screw-bone interface than in the distant parts in expan-sive section, especially within the spiral marking. In the non- expansive section, however, there was no significant differ-ence between the interface and the distant parts. The regions of interest （ROI） adjacent to EPS were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT with the same thresholds. The three-dimensional （3-D） parameters, including tissue min- eral density （TMD）, bone volume fraction （BVF, BV/TV）, bone surface/bone volume （BS/BV） ratio, trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）, and trabecular separation （Tb.Sp）, were sig- nificantly better in expansive sections than non-expan-sive sections （P 〈 0.05）. Histologically, newly-formed bony trabeculae crawled along the expansive fissures and into the center of EPS. The newly-formed bones, as well as the bones at the bone-screw interface, closely contacted with the EPS and constructed four compartments. Conclusions： The findings of the current study, based on micro-CT and histological evaluation, suggest that EPS can significantly provide stabilization in osteoporotic cancellous bones.     

ARCH钛板联合单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的近期疗效观察

目的:探讨ARCH钛板联合单开门椎管扩大成形术(expansive single open door-laminoplasty,EOLP)治疗脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)的近期临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2016年12月将ARCH钛板做内固定材料的EOLP应用于32例CSM患者的治疗中,男23例,女9例;年龄39～82岁,平均64.5岁;病程6～24个月,平均13.1个月。临床疗效评定采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分法,评分内容包括上下肢运动功能、肢体感觉功能、膀胱功能。通过影像学资料测量术前和术后6个月最狭窄节段的椎管矢状径,计算其改善率以明确减压效果。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间6～20个月,平均12.2个月。32例患者的术前症状均有不同程度好转,JOA评分由术前的9.78±1.34提高至术后6个月的12.94±1.16,JOA改善率为(44.09±11.06)%(P0.01)。椎管扩大明显,最狭窄处椎管矢状径由术前的(8.47±0.60)mm扩大至术后6个月的(12.51±0.78)mm,改善率为(48.27±11.81)%(P0.01)。随访期间未见内固定物松动、移位、断裂及"再关门"现象。结论:ARCH钛板联合EOLP治疗CSM可明显减少出现"再关门"及其他相关术后并发症的可能,近期临床疗效满意。     

Curved versus straight-cut hinges for open-door laminoplasty: A finite element and biomechanical study

In this study, the stabilities of the hinge sides of plate-augmented open-door laminoplasties based on cutting in a curved or straight line were compared using a finite element (FE) model and an experimental assessment. Using FE models generated from CT scans of a human subject, straight and curved techniques for cutting the hinge side were evaluated. Compressive forces were applied to both simulated models, and the stress distributions on the respective hinge sites were evaluated by comparing the maximum von Mises stresses. Biomechanical testing procedures were then carried out on porcine cervical vertebrae, with straight- and curved-cut groups loaded to failure, and the corresponding reaction forces on the hinge sites were recorded using a loading cell. The FE analysis results revealed no significant differences between the straight- and curved-cut groups in terms of maximum stress forces on the superior, middle, or inferior portions of the hinge sites. In the experimental study, the curved-cut group withstood higher loads to failure at the hinge site than the straight-cut group. The ability of the curved-cut laminoplasty hinges to withstand higher compressive loading to failure than straight-cut hinges suggests the potential of the proposed technique to reduce the risk of hinge fracture and displacement.     

Delayed hinge fracture after plate-augmented,cervical open-door laminoplasty and its clinical significance

Background contextAmong the various forms of laminoplasty fixation, plate augmentation provides a semirigid arch reconstruction and is gaining popularity as the result of its safety and effectiveness. However, the effects of this procedure on hinge status and subsequent bony healing remain unclear.PurposeWe sought to evaluate the status and time course of bony healing of the hinge gutter and to determine the effect on postoperative clinical course of plate-only, open-door cervical laminoplasty.Study designThis was a retrospective clinical series.Patient sampleA total of 79 adult men and women undergoing cervical laminoplasty in a university hospital setting were studied.Outcome measuresTime-dependent changes in hinges observed on computed tomography (CT) were used to measure the radiological outcome. A numerical rating scale of axial neck pain and arm pain was used to evaluate the clinical outcome.MethodsPatients who underwent plate-only, open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy and had available postoperative CT scans were enrolled in this study. Neck pain intensity before and 1 year after surgery was assessed with questionnaires. CT scans (n=125) obtained after surgery were assessed in terms of bony healing of the hinge.ResultsMost of the hinges were initially well-bent. Only 9% were found to be “fractured” or “in danger of fracture” at 1 week. Primary healing without callus formation, which is the next step of bony healing of well-bent hinges, was observed in 62% of cases at month 4. The remaining 38% were classified as “fractured” or in the process of “secondary healing.” A similar number of hinges was classified as “secondarily healed” after 1 or 2 years of follow-up. All except one hinge were well united and incorporated at the final follow-up, and the number of hinges classified as “fractured or secondarily healed” related to postoperative axial neck pain with respect to the 1-year visual analog scale for the neck and the Neck Disability Index.ConclusionsAlthough plate-only, open-door laminoplasty is a safe and reliable surgery for decompression of multilevel cervical disease, the fixation that it provides on the open side may not be sufficiently stable to allow successful primary healing. Additional attention should be paid to the hinged side to prevent delayed fracture in the early postoperative period and to reduce postoperative axial pain.