小儿伤科泡腾颗粒对闭合性骨折模型大鼠治疗效果研究

目的对比分析小儿伤科汤剂与小儿伤科泡腾颗粒对闭合性骨折模型大鼠的治疗效果。方法选取45只幼年雄性SD大鼠作为研究对象,利用骨折器建立大鼠胫骨闭合性骨折模型。根据随机数字表原则,将模型大鼠随机分为对照组、汤剂组和颗粒组,每组15只。所有大鼠手法复位固定后,对照组大鼠采用温开水灌胃作为对照,汤剂组大鼠采用小儿伤科汤剂灌胃治疗,颗粒组大鼠采用小儿伤科泡腾颗粒灌胃治疗。分别在治疗14 d、28 d、35 d时,每组处死5只大鼠,采集腹主动脉血检测血清钙、血清磷、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)指标,同时对患肢进行X摄片检查骨折愈合情况,以Lane-Sandhu X射线评分标准评价骨缺损修复情况。结果治疗14 d时,三组大鼠血清钙、血清磷、血清ALP指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗35 d时,汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠血清钙指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗28 d、35 d时,汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠血清ALP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗14 d时,三组大鼠Lane-Sandhu评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗28 d、35 d时,汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠Lane-Sandhu评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠Lane-Sandhu评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小儿伤科汤剂与小儿伤科泡腾颗粒治疗闭合性骨折模型大鼠效果相当。     

弹性髓内钉在儿童四肢骨折中的应用

目的研究弹性髓内钉对儿童四肢骨折患儿骨折愈合和并发症的影响。方法 40例儿童四肢骨折患儿,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组20例。观察组患儿采用弹性髓内钉固定,对照组患儿采用小切口复位。比较两组患儿骨折愈合和邻近关节活动情况、手术指标、骨折愈合时间及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患儿骨折愈合优良率为100.00%、邻近关节活动优良率为100.00%,均高于对照组的60.00%、70.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10.000、7.059, P=0.002、0.008<0.05)。观察组患儿手术时间、切口长度、住院时间和骨折愈合时间均短于对照组,出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿并发症发生率为10.00%,低于对照组的45.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论弹性髓内钉治疗儿童四肢骨折愈合和邻近关节活动效果显著,且其手术简便、手术时间短、患儿创伤小,治疗后并发症较少,值得临床应用。     

双重引导下三点法颈部神经根阻滞在锁骨骨折内固定术中的应用

目的探究超声联合神经刺激仪引导下三点法颈部神经根阻滞在锁骨骨折内固定术中的应用价值。方法78例行锁骨骨折内固定术治疗的患者,依据麻醉方式的不同分为对照组与观察组,每组39例。对照组选用臂丛与颈浅丛联合神经阻滞,观察组在超声联合神经刺激仪引导下分别在C4、C5、C6横突处三点给予小剂量局麻药行颈部神经根阻滞。比较两组麻醉阻滞情况、感觉阻滞效果、麻醉效果满意度与并发症发生情况。结果观察组麻醉操作时间(5.32±1.67)min及阻滞起效时间(4.35±0.81)min短于对照组的(14.68±1.46)、(12.18±1.40)min,感觉恢复时间(630.58±13.62)min长于对照组的(579.16±10.48)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组阻滞完全率89.74%高于对照组的51.28%,阻滞不全率10.26%低于对照组的48.72%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组非常满意率82.05%高于对照组的61.54%,基本满意率17.95%低于对照组的38.46%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为0,低于对照组的43.59%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在锁骨骨折内固定术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪双重引导下行C4~6神经根阻滞,小剂量的局麻药即可取得满意的麻醉效果,并且麻醉操作时间与阻滞起效时间较短,并发症少,值得广泛应用于临床中。     

Retrievable inferior vena cava filter to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with fractures and deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities: a single-center experience

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of inserting a retrievable inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with bone fractures and acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) before major orthopedic surgery.MethodsClinical data of patients with fractures and acute DVT who underwent IVCF insertion were analyzed. The patients were divided into above-knee DVT (AKDVT), popliteal vein thrombosis (PVT), and below-knee DVT (BKDVT) groups.ResultsAn IVCF was successfully implanted in 964 patients, among whom 929 were followed up (335, 470, and 124 in AKDVT, PVT, and BKDVT groups, respectively). There was no significant difference in the incidence of filter thrombosis among the groups (11.04%, 11.70%, and 8.06%, respectively). No symptomatic PE occurred during follow-up. The mean filter indwelling time was 18.4 ± 4.3 days, and the total filter removal rate was 76.87%. There was no significant difference in the rate of filter implantation, retrieval, complications, or mortality among the groups.ConclusionsRetrievable filters can effectively prevent PE before orthopedic surgery in patients with fractures and acute DVT of the lower limbs. AKDVT more readily forms a ≥1-cm thrombus in the IVCF than does BKDVT, and PVT more readily forms a <1-cm thrombus than does AKDVT.     

Retrieval of fractured dialysis catheter through phlebotomy of internal jugular vein: a case report

A central venous catheter is the most common access for initiating hemodialysis. Prolonged access through a central venous catheter increases the risk of infection and dysfunction of the catheter with potential development of catheter-induced thrombosis and embolism. However, fracture and dislodgement of the catheter with subsequent embolization is an unexpected complication. Endovascular treatment is a promising method to remove intravascular foreign bodies. We herein report a case of a 58-year-old woman undergoing prolonged hemodialysis who required central venous catheter removal because of mechanical fracture of the tunneled cuffed catheter and its migration in the internal jugular vein. An urgent chest X-ray showed that the two free ends of the fractured tunneled cuffed catheter were located in the right atrium and right internal jugular vein. Phlebotomy of the internal jugular vein was successfully performed to retrieve the fractured tunneled cuffed catheter and the associated thrombi. In this case, phlebotomy for retrieval of the embolized catheter fragment extending into the right atrium was a safe alternative to an endovascular technique of catheter fragment retrieval. Phlebotomy preserved the integrity of the catheter fragment and its associated thrombus and was both cost-effective and safe.     

血管内介入治疗椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤（IVADA）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月采用血管内介入技术治疗的24例IVADA的临床资料。结果 23例为单侧椎动脉夹层动脉瘤,1例为双侧椎动脉夹层动脉瘤。25枚夹层动脉瘤中,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞18枚,单纯双支架治疗2枚,闭塞夹层动脉瘤及载瘤动脉治疗5枚;术后即刻造影显示Raymond分级Ⅰ级16枚,Ⅱ级8枚,Ⅲ级1枚。术后随访6~18个月,改良Rankin量表评分0~2分23例,3分1例;DSA复查显示2例复发,考虑相对稳定,继续随访观察。结论 血管内介入治疗IVADA疗效显著,但具体栓塞方法应进行个体化选择。     

Two cases of atypical femoral fracture in cancer patients administered with bone-modifying agents

Objective: We report two cases of atypical femoral fracture (AFF) in patients with cancer.Patients: Two patients, a 53-year-old woman with breast cancer and a 77-year-old man with prostate cancer, could not walk after being injured in a fall. They used bone-modifying agents (BMA) for the prevention of bone metastasis for three and four years, respectively.Results: Intramedullary nails were placed to fix the femoral fractures in each patient. Neither of them had pathological metastatic femoral fractures based on fracture site specimens; however, severe suppression of bone turnover at the fracture site was suspected. Both patients could ambulate with a T-cane and were free of hip pain after surgery. Radiographs showed no callus formation at the fracture site.Conclusion: Based on the two cases of AFF in patients with cancer related to BMA use, we should consider that the incidence of AFF may be associated with long-term BMA use.     

3D打印技术在快速治疗老年股骨转子间骨折医患沟通中的应用

目的　探讨3D打印技术在快速治疗老年股骨转子间骨折医患沟通中的应用效果。 方法　选取2018年7月~2019年4月本院老年髋部中心30例老年股骨转子间骨折拟行PFNA内固定手术治疗的患者。经签署知情同意书,利用随机数表将患者分成实验组和对照组,每组15例。实验组采用3D打印模型进行术前沟通,对照组采用常规术前沟通方法,分别进行术前医患沟通调查问卷信息采集,记录手术时机（入院到手术的间隔天数）、手术时间、出血量等,并进行统计分析。 结果　术前应用3D打印模型进行医患沟通,患者对病情、手术方案、护理等方面的理解有明显优势,患者满意度较高;实验组从入院到手术间隔时间明显较短,为（2.92±1.16）d,对照组（4.36±2.10）d,P<0.05。 结论　3D打印技术在快速治疗老年股骨转子间骨折医患沟通方面有显著效果,缩短术前间隔时间,提高患者满意度。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折相关的神经损伤研究进展

肱骨髁上骨折常见于7岁以下儿童,约占儿童肢体骨折的30%和肘部骨折的50%~70%;根据受伤机制的不同可分为伸直型和屈曲型,其中伸直型约占96%~98%、屈曲型约占2%~4%,是最常见的儿童骨折之一[1,2]。Gartland分型是目前应用最广泛的肱骨髁上骨折分型系统:Ⅰ型骨折无移位常采取保守治疗,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型骨折因创伤严重致治疗棘手。由于儿童肱骨远端特殊的解剖生理特点,尺神经、正中神经及桡神经均容易损伤,文献报道肱骨髁上骨折导致的神经损伤发生率高达10%~20%[1-3],医源性神经损伤也高达3%~6%[2-4],给临床带来严重挑战。本文就儿童肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的研究进展作一综述。