PICC置管后并发静脉血栓的护理

目的:研究分析PICC置管后并发静脉血栓的护理干预措施。方法:病例样本为2018年12月~2019年12月时间段我院收治的96例PICC置管患者,分组方式为随机数字表法,平均划分为两组,即研究组和对照组,两组样本量保持一致,n=48,对照组患者护理方案为常规基础护理,研究组患者护理方案为综合性护理干预,研究比较组间护理效果。结果:评估组间护理满意度及并发静脉血栓率,研究组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:PICC置管患者采用综合性护理干预可降低静脉血栓发生率,提高护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

通鼻消涕颗粒对慢性鼻窦炎鼻黏膜功能的影响*

目的对医院制剂通鼻消涕颗粒对慢性鼻窦炎鼻黏膜功能是否有调控作用进行临床研究。方法 收集慢性鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者，采用单盲方法随机将患者分为治疗组（通鼻消涕颗粒组）和对照组（克拉霉素片组）。分别给予口服通鼻消涕颗粒和克拉霉素片治疗4周，并对治疗前、治疗2周后、治疗4周后的患者进行糖精试验、鼻部症状VAS评分与鼻内镜Lund Kennedy评分。并采用t检验统计分析。比较服药前、服药后的评分变化。结果 VAS评分提示：治疗组中，治疗2周后、治疗4周后与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），对照组在治疗后的各个阶段与治疗前相比均无明显差异（P＞0.05）。Lund Kennedy评分提示：治疗组在治疗2周后与治疗前无明显差异，但在治疗4周后有明显改善（P＜0.05），对照组则在治疗后各个阶段无明显变化（P＞0.05）。糖精试验提示2组在治疗后2周患者糖精清除时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），但治疗组在治疗4周后患者糖精清除时间低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 通鼻消涕颗粒对慢性鼻窦炎的鼻黏膜形态与传输功能有明显改善作用，可以促进鼻黏膜纤毛功能的恢复，并优于克拉霉素片组，且无毒副作用，值得临床上推广应用。     

肿瘤内科患者PICC置管期感染相关因素分析及应对措施研究

目的探讨肿瘤内科患者PICC置管期感染高危因素及应对措施。方法选取医院2014年2月-2017年6月PICC置管患者1 340例为研究对象,对可能影响置管期感染的危险因素进行单因素分析,进一步将差异有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析,分析感染患者的病原学特点和耐药性。结果 1 340例患者中有225例发生感染,感染率为16.79%。单因素分析结果显示:PICC置管期感染与患者同步化疗、导管留置时间、导管维护周期、导管移动、导管材料和血栓史有关。多因素分析结果显示:同步化疗、导管留置时间(>30d)、导管维护周期(<7d)、导管移动和导管材料是PICC置管期患者发生感染的独立危险因素。225例PICC置管感染患者,共检出病原菌233株,革兰阴性菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌,革兰阳性菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,真菌主要为白假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母。结论同步化疗、导管留置时间(>30d)、导管维护周期(<7d)、导管移动和导管材料是PICC置管期发生感染的独立危险因素,临床上应采取相应的护理措施,以防止置管期感染。     

涎腺导管内癌的病理诊断及新进展

涎腺导管内癌(intraductal carcinoma,IDC)是一种主要发生在腮腺,在导管内或囊内生长为主的罕见肿瘤,但也可伴浸润性生长,生物学行为相对惰性。具有独特的形态学、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征。主要包括4种亚型:闰管型、顶浆分泌型、闰管-顶浆分泌混合型和嗜酸型。闰管型多数存在NCOA4-RET融合,个别存在STRN-ALK融合;混合型存在TRIM27-RET融合,顶浆分泌型具有PIK3CA和HRAS突变或TP53缺失;嗜酸型具有TRIM33-RET融合或BRAF V600E突变。目前多数观点认为与涎腺导管癌不同,即使存在浸润,仍具有良好的预后,罕见复发和淋巴结转移,无远处转移。因此精准诊断对于临床治疗的选择极其重要。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.