Chromosomal study after radioactive synoviorthesis for haemophilic haemarthrosis

Summary Twenty joints in 19 haemophiliacs were treated by radioactive synoviorthesis with gold (Au 198) to prevent recurrent haemarthrosis. Twelve knees, six elbows and two ankles were treated in two separate groups (29. 9. 76 and 9. 5. 77).In eight cases (40%) no further haemarthrosis occurred. A diminution of bleeding was obtained in nine cases (45%), a total of 85% good results with 15% failures. One failure in the first group (an elbow) had a second synoviorthesis and was included in the second group also.Prior to synoviorthesis the joint was scanned with technetium (Tc99m) to compare the inflammation of the synovium with that of six months later. The technique including the dosage of Tc99m, Au 198, and factor VIII cover is presented.A leucocyte culture was performed in 16 cases to study any chromosomal breakage, by banding and fluorescent techniques.Paper read at the SICOT meeting in Kyoto, Japan, October 1978     

Absence of ATM truncations in patients with severe acute radiation reactions

Purpose: Severe acute toxicity limits the effective use of radiotherapy in patients who are radiosensitive, and it is not usually possible to identify these radiohypersensitive (R-H) individuals before treatment commences. Five such R-H patients were detected over a 3-year period. We undertook this study to determine whether the severe acute radiohypersensitivity of these five individuals showed any correlation with cellular and molecular parameters known to be abnormal in radiosensitivity-related syndromes such as ataxia–telangiectasia (A-T).

Methods and Materials: Lymphoblastoid cells were isolated from fresh blood from the 5 R-H individuals who had previously demonstrated clinical R-H at least 9 months prior to sampling. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were established to determine the extent of postradiation chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle delay, cell proliferation, and tumor suppressor p53 protein stabilization. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein truncation (PTT) assays were used to test for the possibility of mutations in the gene mutated in A-T, termed ATM.

Results: LCLs derived from R-H subjects retained a significantly higher degree of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations when compared to normal control LCLs. p53 stabilization by ionizing radiation appeared normal in all but one R-H subject. There was no evidence of A-T gene truncation mutations in any of the R-H subjects tested.

Conclusions: All R-H subjects in this study had their cellular radiosensitivity confirmed by the chromosomal aberration assay. Delayed p53 stabilization at 4 hours postirradiation in one R-H subject suggested that different etiologies may apply in the radiohypersensitivity investigated in this study.     

DNA修复基因XRCC1多态性与辐射损伤易感性的关系

目的研究DNA修复基因XRCCl多态性与辐射损伤易感性的关系。方法采用1：1配对病例对照设计,在对唐山市放射人员体检的基础上,以113名出现染色体畸变的射线工作人员为病例组,按性别、年龄(±5岁)、民族、工种配对,选择与病例在同一工作岗位、工龄相等或稍长(≤2年)、累积受照剂量相同或相近且无辐射损伤的放射人员为对照组(113名)。以多聚酶链反应-限制性长度多态性分析技术(PCR-RFLP)检测XRCCl基因,比较不同基因型与辐射损伤易感性的关系。结果病例组XRCCl 26304TT变异基因型频率为18．58%,高于对照组(7．08%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)；携带此种基因型个体发生辐射损伤的风险比携带其他基因型者高3．47倍(OR=3．47,95% CI 1．43～8．44)。XRCCl G27466A和G28152A基因型频率在两组中的分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论XRCCl C26304T基因多态性与辐射致染色体畸变有关联。未发现XRCCl G27466A和G28152A基因多态性与辐射致染色体畸变有关。     

守宫木细胞与遗传毒性实验研究

目的：以体外试验研究野生蔬菜守宫木的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。方法：生（Ⅰ）和煮熟（Ⅱ）的守宫木匀浆液分别以40000、20000、10000、5000、2500、1250μg／ml浓度对CHL细胞染毒，每一浓度分别在24、48和72h时间点以中性红摄入方法对守宫木的细胞毒性进行评定；体外染色体畸变试验则以同样的浓度分别以生和煮熟的守宫木匀浆液染毒2h后，收获细胞制备中期相，对染色体结构畸变进行分析。结果：中性红摄入细胞毒性试验：在生的与煮熟的守宫木匀浆液细胞毒性剂量效应关系分析中，低剂量组随着染毒浓度加大细胞毒性增强，而在较高剂量组则出现随染毒浓度加大细胞毒性减弱，20000和40000μg／ml剂量组出现细胞的增殖现象；时间效应分析中有和剂量效应分析相似的现象，即在低剂量组随着染毒时间的延长细胞毒性增强，而从10000μg/ml剂量组开始随着染度时间的延长细胞毒性减弱并出现细胞的增殖现象；对生的与煮熟的守宫木细胞毒性进行比较分析，仅在染毒24h的20000μg／ml剂量组发现煮熟的守宫木匀浆液的细胞毒性有统计学意义（P〈0．05）地高于生的守宫木匀浆液。体外染色体畸变试验结果阴性。结论：守宫木在一定浓度范围内对细胞溶酶体和高尔基体有一定的损伤作用，未观察到守宫木对细胞的遗传物质染色体有损害作用，未发现不同的食用习惯对守宫木的毒性有影响。     

严重少精子症、无精子症15例的大Y遗传学分析

目的:探讨大Y与严重少精子症和无精子症的遗传学关系.方法:回顾性分析有实施单精子卵胞浆内注射意向的严重少精子症和无精子症患者为研究对象.进行染色体G带与Y染色体AZF区18个微缺失位点分析.结果:严重少精子症和无精子症患者病例共260例,其中大Y 15例(5.8%),但大Y中未发现AZF微缺失.结论:严重少精子症和无精子症中有部分患者为大Y,但没有发现大Y与Y染色体AZF微缺失相关.     

非穿透性深度巩膜切除术+MMC Tenon囊下注射治疗开角型青光眼术后高阶像差变化的研究

目的：研究开角型青光眼患者非穿透性深层巩膜切除术后高阶像差的变化。

方法：研究包括20例患者20眼, 其中10例为原发性开角型青光眼, 10例为继发性开角型青光眼。患者术前接受非穿透性深层巩膜切除术,并辅以Tenon囊下注射(0.02% of MMC)。术前及术后1、3mo用i-Trace分析仪测定角膜总高阶像差。每次随访时评估眼压(IOP)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼泡形态。手术的成功率分为完全成功、相对成功和失败。

结果：术前IOP为24.05±3.07 mmHg,平均用药2.85±0.67次,随访3mo后,IOP为12.30±3.32 mmHg,平均用药0.70±0.98次。随访期间IOP均明显下降(P<0.001)。术后随访1mo,总高阶像差(HOT)均方根(RMS)和总球型像差值明显升高,3mo后下降。术后各时间段三叶肌和全眼昏迷样像差变化无统计学意义。术后1mo HOT RMS及球形角膜均明显增加,3mo随访后明显减少。术后角膜三叶肌变化与术前相比无统计学意义。患者年龄和IOP对HOT和角膜HOT的变化无显著影响。

结论：深度巩膜切除术后1mo内角膜和眼部高阶像差增加,3mo后下降,与术前相比无统计学意义。在3mo随访时,患者的BCVA和等效球镜(SE)与术前相比无统计学差异。     

妊娠中期鼻骨发育异常胎儿的染色体检测结果及相关因素分析

背景　胎儿鼻骨发育情况评估作为常规产前超声检查项目，是胎儿染色体检查的重要指标，近几年染色体微阵列分析技术（CMA）的应用使得产前胎儿染色体疾病的检查范围更广、准确度更高，在此基础上有必要对鼻骨发育异常和染色体异常之间的相关性重新进行总结，为临床提供参考。目的　探讨胎儿鼻骨发育异常或与其他产前筛查高危因素结合在预测胎儿染色体异常中的价值，以及CMA在胎儿鼻骨发育异常遗传学检测中的应用价值。方法　选取2016年12月-2020年1月于内蒙古自治区妇幼保健院进行产前超声检查并提示胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良的92例孕妇及胎儿为研究对象。收集其产检信息、遗传学检测结果及妊娠结局。遗传学检测方法包括染色体核型分析和CMA。结果　染色体核型分析检出染色体异常19例（20.7%），均为21-三体；CMA检出染色体异常25例（27.2%），包括21-三体19例，染色体微缺失微重复6例。孤立性与非孤立性鼻骨发育异常胎儿染色体异常发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与单纯孤立性鼻骨发育异常胎儿相比，孤立性鼻骨发育异常+颈项透明层（NT）增厚、孤立性鼻骨发育异常+血清学筛查（MSS）高风险、孤立性鼻骨发育异常+无创产前筛查（NIPT）高风险、孤立性鼻骨发育异常+2种及以上产前筛查高危因素胎儿染色体异常发生率均升高（P<0.05）。结论　鼻骨缺失或发育不良的胎儿染色体异常发生率较高，且与基因组变异有关；染色体核型分析、CMA结合其他产前筛查高危因素将有效提高染色体异常的检出率。CMA的应用为产前诊断提供了更多的染色体变异信息，建议所有类型的胎儿鼻骨缺失或发育不良进行染色体核型分析与CMA结合的遗传学检测。     

Interstitial telomeric sequences are not preferentially involved in the chromosome damage induced by the methylating compound streptozotocin in chinese hamster cells

The effect of the methylating compound streptozotocin (STZ) on interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) was investigated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by using peptide nucleic acid‐fluorescence in situ hybridization with a pantelomeric probe. Cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of STZ, and chromosomal aberrations were analyzed at the first mitosis after treatment. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations directly involving ITSs increased in STZ‐treated cells by a factor of 2.6 (2 mM) and 3.6 (4 mM) when compared with the frequency of these aberrations in control cells (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between control and exposed cells in the percentage of aberrations directly involving ITSs, demonstrating that these repeat regions were not preferentially involved in the chromosome damage induced by STZ. In addition, STZ did not alter telomerase activity, suggesting that this enzyme may not be involved in the induction of chromosomal aberrations by this compound. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Isolated Clonal Cytogenetic Abnormalities after High-Dose Therapy

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) are well-recognized complications of high-dose cytotoxic therapy (HDT), such as autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Clonal marrow cytogenetic abnormalities (CMCA) in the setting of normal bone marrow pathology have also been reported after HDT, but their significance remains unclear. We retrospectively evaluated occurrences of CMCA and t-MN in 785 patients treated with HDT at Johns Hopkins University between 1997 and 2007. Most patients received ASCT, but 106 patients who received high-dose cyclophosphamide without ASCT were also included in this study, as this is our institutional standard for malignant and nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorders in need of HDT. Twenty-two patients developed t-MN, with an estimated cumulative incidence of 3.5% at 4 years. Eleven patients developed isolated CMCA, either transient or persistent without pathologic evidence of t-MN. Altogether, only 20 of the patients with reported CMCA subsequently developed t-MN during the follow-up period. Therefore, in the absence of pathologic evidence of t-MN, CMCA should not be considered diagnostic of t-MN.