CT引导下微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效观察

目的 :探讨CT引导下微创清除术治疗急性高血压脑出血的疗效。方法 :对 38例急性高血压脑出血患者微创清除术前后行CT扫描 ,在CT引导下行微创清除术 ,并动态观察其疗效。结果 :38例急性高血压脑出血患者首次血肿清除率达 2 8.0 %～ 4 0 .0 %,其中 1 2例首次清除率为 4 0 .0 %～ 5 6 .0 %。存活 32例 7d后复查头颅CT证实者血肿清除率达 80 %以上。治愈有效率为 84 .2 %,死亡率为 1 5 .8%。结论 :CT引导下的微创清除术能有效地降低急性高血压脑出血的死亡率和致残率。     

开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的手术治疗

①目的 探讨现代玻璃体手术对开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的治疗效果。②方法 对108例开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的病人，于伤后2～4周施行玻璃体切割置换术(单纯玻璃体切割术24例，联合晶体切割84例，联合视网膜手术76例)。③结果 术后经随访2周～18个月，48例达功能治愈，36例达解剖治愈，总治愈率达77．7％。24例继发青光眼者眼压控制在1．37～2．24kPa。④结论 适时地施行玻璃体切割置换术，可很大程度地改善开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血病人的预后，对有效防治外伤性玻璃体视网膜病变以及牵引性视网膜脱离等具有重要作用。     

大鼠脑血肿周围组织STAT 3的表达、细胞凋亡的变化与CNTF的影响

目的 观察大鼠脑血肿周围组织STAT3, Bcl-2, Caspase-3的表达情况,并探讨睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对出血性脑卒中的治疗作用及其可能机制.方法 实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、CNTF治疗组,采用自体股动脉血注入大鼠尾壳核建立脑出血模型,CNTF治疗组于术后经尾静脉注射CNTF.分别于术后12h、24h、3d、5d 4个时间点取脑组织,应用免疫组化方法检测血肿周围组织STAT3, Bcl-2, caspase-3的表达情况.结果 CNTF治疗组大鼠脑血肿周围组织STAT3, Bcl-2的表达明显高于其他组,Caspase-3的表达水平比模型组低.结论 CNTF对脑出血后损伤神经细胞具有保护作用,其可能的机制为通过上调STAT3的表达,使Bcl-2的表达升高,从而减少出血灶周围细胞的凋亡.     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms—clinical characteristics and outcome of surgical treatment

Object Intracranial aneurysms are rare in children and have different epidemiological, clinical, and morphological characteristics and outcome from those in adults. Materials and methods We analyzed demographic, clinical, radiologic features, treatment, and outcome in 55 patients <18 years of age, treated from Jan 1995 through December 2005. Results Intracranial aneurysms in children below 18 years constituted 4% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation was the commonest location. About half of the aneurysms were complex. Three-fourth of the patients required surgical treatment. Two patients died, constituting 5% mortality. Two patients (5%) had poor outcome, whereas the majority (90%) had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Pediatric aneurysms have male predominance, higher incidence of clinical features of mass effect or seizures, high incidence of large, traumatic/mycotic aneurysms, associated illnesses and ICH/IVH and hydrocephalus, better Hunt and Hess grades at presentation, ICA bifurcation as the commonest site, and better outcome than their adult counterparts.     

颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血的预防和治疗(附625例报告)

目的探讨颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的预防措施及其治疗方法。方法回顾性分析625例颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的病例,在治疗原发伤病基础上,采用止血、制酸、保护胃黏膜等对症处理,同时应用阿托品治疗22例;胃镜下治疗8例;胃次全切除术5例。结果本组病例中,治愈572例,缓解36例,无效5例,死亡12例,其中阿托品治愈20例;胃镜下治愈6例;胃次全切除术治愈4例。结论预防和治疗的重点是消除颅脑损伤病灶和保护胃黏膜,常规处理方案效果满意,简单、经济且安全有效,但必要时应及时使用特殊治疗手段,以迅速控制出血病情。     

YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎仪对高血压脑出血的微创治疗

目的探讨微创治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果。方法根据CT定位，使用YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎仪对颅内血肿碎吸引流。结果治疗36例，存活出院34例，死亡2例。结论微创治疗高血压脑出血，操作简便、安全，疗效好，费用低，是对高血压脑出血治疗的有效的治疗方法。     

小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的临床特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析12例小脑后下动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、手术效果及诊治过程中存在的相关问题。结果12例中有11例因动脉瘤破裂出血而发病,单纯第四脑室出血4例,全脑室系统出血2例,小脑半球出血3例,小脑蚓部伴第四脑室出血1例,侧脑室伴第三脑室出血1例,以后颅窝占位病变表现1例。8例术前行DSA检查明确诊断,4例术中明确诊断。12例均行后颅窝开颅显微手术治疗,其中动脉瘤颈夹闭9例,孤立切除2例,动脉瘤加固术1例,术后2例因脑积水加重行脑室-腹腔分流术。12例中除1例术后留有轻偏瘫外,其余11例恢复良好。结论小脑后下动脉瘤多以第四脑室出血发病,少数以小脑半球或蚓部出血发病,及早治疗效果满意。手术方式应尽量夹闭动脉瘤颈,对于小脑后下动脉末端动脉瘤,可以采用孤立切除术。     

脉络膜挫伤

回顾６４例外伤性脉络膜挫伤。多发于２０－３０岁的青年男性；最常见有拳击伤；临床主要表现为视力下降，眼底可见脉络膜出血灶及裂伤口，荧光眼底血和造影可帮助诊断。脉络膜挫伤多发生于黄斑部，其次为视乳头周围，多为单个，１－ＰＤ大小，脉络膜破裂的形态多为长弧形，脉络膜出血多为圆形；脉络膜破裂与出血常同时出现。     

Effects of Ethanol in an Experimental Model of Combined Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock

Objectives: Given that clinical and laboratory studies suggest that ethanol and hemorrhagic shock (HS) potentiate traumatic brain injury (TBI), the authors studied the effects of ethanol in a model of combined TBI and HS.
Methods: A controlled porcine model of combined TBI and HS was evaluated for the effect of ethanol on survival time, hemodynamic function, and cerebral tissue perfusion. Anesthetized swine (17–24 kg) were instrumented, splenectomized, and subjected to fluid percussion TBI with concurrent 25-mL/kg graded hemorrhage over 30 minutes. Two groups were studied: control ( n = 11) and ethanol ( n = 11). Ethanol, 3.5 g/kg intragastric, was given 100 minutes prior to TBI/HS. Systemic and cerebral physiologic and metabolic parameters were monitored for 2 hours without resuscitation. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and renal blood flow were measured with dye-labeled microspheres. Data were analyzed with 2-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results: Ethanol levels at the time of injury were 162 ± 68 mg/dL. Average TBI was 2.65 ± 0.35 atm. Survival time was significantly shorter in the ethanol group (60 ± 27 min vs 94 ± 28 min, p = 0.011). The ethanol group had significantly lower mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral venous
O₂ saturation in the postinjury period. Cerebral O₂ extraction ratios and cerebral venous lactate levels were significantly higher in the ethanol group. A trend toward lower postinjury rCBF in all brain regions was observed in the ethanol group.
Conclusion: In this TBI/HS model, ethanol administration decreased survival time, impaired the hemodynamic response, and worsened measures of cerebral tissue perfusion.