充血性心力衰竭患者合并中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征时的心脏结构特点

目的通过彩色多普勒超声了解充血性心力衰竭合并中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征﹝陈-施呼吸（CSR）﹞患者的心脏结构.方法应用睡眠初筛仪（瑞典博雅SC20）对住院的58例慢性充血性心力衰竭（心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）患者进行夜间睡眠呼吸监测.按呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）大小将患者分为两组,AHI＜15者为不合并中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组（对照组）,AHI≥15者为中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组（实验组）;用血气分析仪检测患者白天动脉血气分析;每位患者做心脏彩色多普勒超声检查,测量左房内径、肺动脉内径及其他相关数值.结果睡眠中两组患者的最低血氧饱和度、夜间氧减饱和度指数间差别均有显著性意义（P＜0.01）.白天清醒时两组患者血气分析PaO2、PaCO2间差别均无显著性意义（P＞0.05）.两组患者左房内径、肺动脉内径均值间差别均有显著性意义（P＜0.01）.结论 （1）CHF患者合并CSR显示左房内径及肺动脉内径明显增大;（2）CHF患者合并CSR可引起和加重夜间低氧血症.     

30 h睡眠剥夺条件下睡眠惯性期间情绪评价研究

目的探讨睡眠惯性期间情绪主观评价及随时间变化情况。方法30h睡眠剥夺后,小睡组从14:00唤醒即刻开始测试,随后每30min测试1次,共5个时间点;非小睡组也在相同的时间点测试。采用情绪评价量表(POMS)和视觉类别问卷(VAS)评价。结果在睡眠惯性期间,POMS与基线值比较,V、F各时间点得分以及D的前两个时间点得分差异均有显著性(P<0.001,P<0.05)。VAS在“警觉性”、“精力充沛的”、“思睡的”项目评分中,两组测试得分几乎与基线值差异均有显著性。对小睡组和无小睡组不同指标各时间点测值进行重复测量统计分析,结果显示除POMS中A(E5.55=0.557),VAS中“易怒的”(E5.50=2.008),多话的(E5.50=2.027),其余指标各时间点间差异有显著性,两组间差异无显著性。结论30h睡眠剥夺后,1h小睡后的主观自评得分变化趋势和情绪正性自评好于无小睡组。     

Oculomotor impairment after 1 night of total sleep deprivation: a dissociation between measures of speed and accuracy.

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the effects of 40 h of sleep deprivation and of time-of-day on saccadic and smooth pursuit oculomotor performance. METHODS: Nine normal subjects slept for 3 consecutive nights in the laboratory (one adaptation, one baseline, one recovery). Baseline and recovery were separated by a period of 40 h of continuous wakefulness, during which subjects were tested every 2 h. Oculomotor performance assessed at the following hours: 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00, of both the days preceding and following the sleep deprivation night, as well as at 24:00, 02:00, 04:00, 06:00 and 08:00 h during the deprivation period. RESULTS: Saccade latency increased and peak velocity decreased significantly during the post-deprivation day; saccadic accuracy was unaffected. As regards smooth pursuit performance, phase (a measure of accuracy) was not affected by sleep loss, while velocity gain significantly decreased during the day that followed the sleep deprivation night. Significant time-of-day effects on the considered oculomotor variables except saccadic accuracy were also found, indicating an overall performance impairment during the night. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that 40 h of sleep deprivation significantly impaired diurnal performance in pursuit and saccadic tasks. This performance worsening is limited to the measures of speed, while accuracy is not affected by sleep loss. A significant operational relevance of these results is suggested, since saccadic velocity has recently been found to be negatively correlated with simulator vehicle crash rates.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的血清瘦素水平

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血清瘦素水平以及悬雍垂腭咽成形术对瘦素水平的影响。方法对61例经过多道睡眠监测确诊的OSAHS患者行改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术。采用放射免疫测定法,测定OSAHS患者术前、术后以及20例年龄、体重指数相近的单纯打鼾患者(对照组)的血清瘦素水平,分析瘦素与呼吸暂停及低通气指数(AHI)、体重指数(BMI)的关系以及术前、术后血清瘦素水平的变化。结果OSAHS患者与对照组的血清瘦素水平( x±s)分别为(15 3±8 0)μg/L、(6 1±3 1)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0 05)。在OSAHS患者中,轻度、中度、重度患者的血清瘦素水平分别为(9 8±2 1)μg/L、(14 2±6 7)μg/L、(19 3±7 9)μg/L,血清瘦素水平与阻塞程度呈正相关(r=0 68,P<0 01 )。61例中52例有效者术后6个月血清瘦素水平(7 0±1 3)μg/L,与术前(15 2±3 9)μg/L相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0 01),这种差异与BMI无关,而无效者(9例)血清瘦素水平无明显变化。结论OSAHS患者血清瘦素水平增高,且瘦素水平与睡眠呼吸暂停的程度有密切联系;悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗有效者血清瘦素水平下降。呼吸暂停有可能是导致OSAHS患者体内瘦素水平增高的重要因素。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者呼吸阻抗的测定

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)患者呼吸阻抗的特征和临床意义。方法　测定并分析 5 2例OSAHS患者、13例COPD患者、17例健康人多导睡眠图 (PSG)、脉冲振荡法 (IOS)指标。结果　⑴OSAHS组总呼吸阻抗、中心气道阻抗、R2 0明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;响应频率、外周气道阻抗、R5、R5 -2 0、X5、X3 5与正常对照组无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。⑵OSAHS组响应频率、总呼吸阻抗、外周气道阻抗、R5、R5 -2 0明显低于COPD组 (P <0 0 1)。⑶OSAHS患者SaO2 与总呼吸阻抗、中心气道阻抗、R5、R2 0呈负相关 (P <0 0 1) ,AHI与总呼吸阻抗、中心气道阻抗、R5、R2 0呈正相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　OSAHS患者IOS表现为上气道阻力升高 ,并与病情程度相关。     

腔内激光联合戴戒术治疗下肢深静脉功能不全

目的 :评价传统手术联合应用 DIOMED81 0 nm激光治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法 :2 4例病人 (男 1 8,女 6) ,共 35条肢体 ,分别采用单纯激光治疗、股静脉瓣膜包窄术和交通静脉结扎等不同手术方式治疗 ,术后对病人进行随访观察 ,对临床资料整理分析。结果 :大部分病人于术后早期发现有沿大隐静脉走行的条索状硬结或曲张静脉处血栓样结节现象 ,一般于 4～ 8周内逐渐消退。 2例病人有足靴区溃疡均在治疗后 2～ 4周内迅速愈合 ;术后两周复查彩超 ,大隐静脉主干完全闭塞。平均住院日 6( 3～ 1 5 ) d。结论 :静脉腔内激光联合戴戒术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 ,近期疗效可靠、创伤小、瘢痕少操作简便、安全 ,远期疗效有待进一步观察     

低温等离子射频消融术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效分析

目的:研究低温等离子射频消融术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法:呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者4 9例,轻度2 1例,中度17例,重度11例。用离子刀在软腭、悬雍垂、舌根及扁桃体上打孔治疗,于12周及2 4周观察疗效。结果:12周有效率为81.6 3% ,2 4周有效率为83.6 7%。AHI术前为4 8.4 6±5 .2 7,术后12周为2 2 .13±4 .6 4(P<0 .0 5 ) ,术后2 4周为19.77±5 .19(P <0 .0 5 )。结论:低温等离子消融术治疗OSAHS有安全、操作简单、患者损伤小、康复快等优点。     

延吉市2~6岁儿童睡眠状况调查分析

目的:了解延边地区儿童睡眠状况,探讨提高儿童睡眠质量的措施。方法:应用澳大利亚悉尼大学儿童睡眠中心临床问卷的中国修订版,对延吉市2~6岁582名儿童的睡眠状况进行调查分析。结果:儿童全天睡眠时间均值为(10.98±0.96)h,各年龄组睡眠时间峰值位于10~12 h,各年龄组间差异非常显著(P<0.01);睡眠障碍总时点发病率为28.57%;睡眠障碍症状发病率前5位依次为睡眠不安(8.57%)、磨牙(5.54%)、张口呼吸(5.46%)、肢体抽动(5.36%)和打鼾(4.45%),而出生史异常、呼吸系统疾病、生活与睡眠环境不良、遗尿等是发生睡眠障碍的主要影响因素。结论:延吉市2~6岁儿童全天睡眠时间低于上海地区和国外儿童,但与北京地区儿童相近;睡眠障碍发病率位于京沪两地之间;做好孕期保健,为儿童提供良好的生活、睡眠环境,积极治疗有关疾病,能有效降低儿童睡眠障碍的发生。     

Measuring ADHD behaviors in children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or convergence insufficiency: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Accommodative dysfunction and convergence insufficiency (CI) are common pediatric vision problems that have been associated with an increase in frequency and severity of vision-specific symptoms that affect children when doing schoolwork. However, the relationship between accommodative dysfunction and CI and other learning problems, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ADHD behaviors in school-aged children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or CI. METHODS: Children 8 to 15 years of age with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or CI were recruited from the teaching clinic at the Southern California College of Optometry. Children with learning disabilities or ADHD were excluded. One parent of each child completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R:S). The children's scores on the CPRS-R:S were compared with the normative sample. RESULTS: Twenty-four children (9 boys and 15 girls) participated in the study with a mean age of 10.93 years (SD = 1.75). On the CPRS-R:S, cognitive problem/inattention, hyperactivity, and ADHD index were significantly different from normative values (p < or = .001 for all tests). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this preliminary study suggest that school-aged children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or CI have a higher frequency of behaviors related to school performance and attention as measured by the CPRS-R:S.     

鼻通气手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效

目的:探讨鼻通气手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法:71例OSAHS患者经多道睡眠图(PSG)监测确诊,同时应用纤维鼻咽喉镜及电视摄像系统检查确定存在鼻阻塞性病变并行鼻通气手术,分析术后Epworth嗜睡(ESS)评分及PSG主要监测指标的变化。结果:ESS评分由术前的14.8±5.2下降为9.7±4.6(t=6.19,P=0.00),差异有统计学意义。术后PSG监测显示,显效8例,有效29例,无效34例。睡眠结构分析表明,鼻通气手术后觉醒时间明显减少,浅睡眠〔非快速眼动睡眠(NREM)1期〕明显减少,中度睡眠(NREM 2期)明显增多,快速眼动睡眠(REM)睡眠明显增多(P<0.01);深度睡眠(NREM 3+4期)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PSG主要指标呼吸暂停指数(AI)、低通气指数(HI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)、微觉醒指数和鼾声指数术后均明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和体重指数(BMI)手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:鼻通气手术对存在鼻阻塞性病变的OSAHS患者有一定的治疗作用,应纳入整个OSAHS治疗计划中;OSAHS患者行鼻部手术后再行PSG监测对选择腭咽部术式有指导意义。