Personality, family history, and alcohol use among older men: the VA Normative Aging Study

BACKGROUND: We examined personality traits (Sociability, Impulsivity, Neuroticism) as mediators of the effects of family history on alcohol outcomes. METHODS: A sample of 485 men reported on family history of alcohol problems in 1973, completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory in 1976, and responded to a survey on alcohol use in 1982. RESULTS: Using structural equation modeling, family history was found to have direct effects on number of drinks per day and on the number of alcohol problems, as well as indirect effects mediated through Neuroticism. There were no effects of Sociability or Impulsivity on either alcohol outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of older men, family history had both direct and indirect effects, and personality traits found to affect alcohol outcomes were different from those that have been found in younger men.     

新时期临床医护者中医人文精神自觉性培养探讨

新时期临床医护者应该有融汇自然与社会生态的人本观、“医乃仁术”的道德观、勇于创新的时代观、“悬壶济世”的使命观在内的中医人文精神。通过对新时期临床医护者中医人文精神现状分析,提出新时期医护者中医人文精神自觉培养路径：在医院文化建设中,提升医护人员的中医人文精神自觉性;在医院继续教育中融入中医人文精神教育;强化医护者与患者交流的能力。     

规律体育行为提升老年人生命质量的研究

在我国人口老龄化快速发展的背景下,运用文本分析、深度访谈等方法对城市老年人生命质量的影响因素进行系统分析。结果认为,有无慢性疾病、社会经济地位高低、婚姻居住状况、闲暇生活方式、受教育水平等是影响老年人生命质量的重要因素。研究表明,较长时间有规律中等强度的健身活动能延缓老年人衰老速度、防病治病、丰富文化生活、提高社会适应能力,对提升城市老年人总体生命质量有不可或缺的重要意义。基于此,本文从政策、社会和个人三个层面就加强体育锻炼提升老年人生命质量的路径提出可操作性的意见和建议。     

1783名三军官兵利他主义及其影响因素的路径分析

目的探讨心理社会影响因素对三军官兵利他主义观的影响,为部队官兵的心理健康服务提供依据。方法采用人性的哲学量表中的利他主义分量表、症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、生活事件量表对1 783名官兵进行心理测评。统计处理采用秩变换方差分析、Pearson相关分析及Amos路径分析。结果不同文化程度官兵在负性利他主义组间差异具有高度统计学意义;新兵以及不同军兵种在正、负性利他主义差异具有高度统计学意义;军人利他主义与人格因素、SCL-90总分及其各因子均具有高度显著性相关;Amos路径分析显示存在多条显著路径。结论官兵利他主义在不同文化程度、军种、年代上具有差异性并且受到心理健康、人格、生活事件因素的影响。     

M型超声结合房室梯形图分析法诊断胎儿心律失常的临床应用价值

目的 探讨M型超声结合房室梯形图分析诊断胎儿心律失常的价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年10月期间重庆市妇幼保健院经胎儿超声心动图检查应用M 型超声取样线获取房室壁、房室瓣及半月瓣的活动曲线,结合房室梯形图法分析及诊断胎儿心律失常类型。结果 M型超声结合房室梯形图法共诊断165例胎儿心律失常,其中房性早搏76例(46.1%),室性早搏6例(3.6%),窦性心动过速43例(26.0%),室上性心动过速8例(4.8%),其中房性心动过速1例(0.6%),心房扑动1例(0.6%),窦性心律过缓22例(13.3%),房室传导阻滞9例(5.5%)。结论 M型超声结合房室梯形图诊断胎儿心律失常可行,此方法简单、直观,能明确胎儿心律失常类型。     

自然因素与社会因素对黄龙县克山病流行过程的影响

本文以陕西省黄龙县为研究对象,选择可能影响其克山病流行的16项自然因素和28项社会因素共144个变量,进行逐步回归和通路分析。发现累积放弃自然村数、7月中旬降雨量、旱地面积和人口迁入率是影响该县克山病流行过程的主要因素。该县克山病发病率的年度变异84.16％可能由该4因素的改变所引起。     

原发性肝细胞癌的家庭聚集性研究

原发性肝细胞癌(PHC)是常见恶性肿瘤之一．尤其在我国东南沿海高发。本文应用基于多基因的通径分析和比值比回归模型对启东地区的PHC家系调查资料进行了分析。分析结果表明PHC有明显的家庭聚集性，但这种聚集性难以用多基因的模型来解释。用比值比回归模型不但揭示出PHC有家庭聚集性，而且表明这种聚集除HBV感染外与饮食及水相关不明显，同时不排除遗传因素对该聚集性的作用。     

Microglial cell population dynamics in the injured adult central nervous system

Reactive microgliosis is characteristic of trauma and stroke as well as inflammatory and chronic neurodegenerative disease. A conspicuous feature of the microglial reaction to acute neural injury is a massive expansion of the microglial cell population which peaks a few days following injury. New data based on the use of radiation bone marrow-chimeric mice suggest this expansion also involves recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells, which migrate into the neural parenchyma and differentiate into microglia. Here, we discuss the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the injury-induced expansion of the microglial cell population, seen in the dentate gyrus with ongoing anterograde axonal and terminal synaptic degeneration, subsequent to transection of the entorhino-dentate perforant path projection. In this paradigm of minor brain injury, the bone marrow-derived cells are grossly outnumbered by activated resident microglia, which express the stem cell antigen CD34 concurrent to a marked capacity for self-renewal. The observation of a mixed origin of lesion-reactive microglia, consisting of a smaller subpopulation of exogenous bone marrow-derived microglia, and a larger population of activated resident microglia, the majority of which express CD34 and undergo proliferation, suggests that lesion-reactive microglia consist of functionally distinct cell populations. The demonstration of an injury-enhanced recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells into the perforant path-denervated dentate gyrus, raises the possibility of using genetically manipulated cells as vectors for lesion-site-specific gene therapy even in minimally injured areas of the central nervous system.     

吡喹酮凝胶剂的研制

绘制了吡喹酮在丙二醇－乙醇－水系统中的相图，通过均匀设计确定了１％吡喹酮凝胶剂中各溶媒所占的最佳比例为：４０％（ｗ／ｗ）丙二醇，４５％（ｗ／ｗ）乙醇，５％（ｗ／ｗ）水。以卡波普９４０为基质制备了吡喹酮凝胶剂，考察了其体外经皮渗透性、月桂氮酮的促渗作用以及其体外释放。结果表明吡喹酮凝胶剂的体外经皮渗透为零级过程，皮肤为其经皮渗透的限速屏障，月桂氮酮能有效促进其体外经皮渗透，其体外释放符合Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程。     

武汉市大学生SARS流行高峰行为影响因素研究

目的 探讨影响大学生SARS流行高峰行为的影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样，以问卷收集武汉市2298名在校大学生SARS流行期间行为影响因素的资料。结果 性别、学习成绩、身体素质、家乡SARS疫情、自我排解、应付方式得分、与同学关系、与老师关系、SARS流行高峰心理状况、对学校防治SARS措施的意见直接影响其流行高峰行为；年龄、专业、学生干部、生源(城市)有间接影响作用。结论 欲实现大学生突发公共卫生事件下迅速良好的反应必须以基础工作为重点。