Pediatric intracranial aneurysms—clinical characteristics and outcome of surgical treatment

Object Intracranial aneurysms are rare in children and have different epidemiological, clinical, and morphological characteristics and outcome from those in adults. Materials and methods We analyzed demographic, clinical, radiologic features, treatment, and outcome in 55 patients <18 years of age, treated from Jan 1995 through December 2005. Results Intracranial aneurysms in children below 18 years constituted 4% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation was the commonest location. About half of the aneurysms were complex. Three-fourth of the patients required surgical treatment. Two patients died, constituting 5% mortality. Two patients (5%) had poor outcome, whereas the majority (90%) had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Pediatric aneurysms have male predominance, higher incidence of clinical features of mass effect or seizures, high incidence of large, traumatic/mycotic aneurysms, associated illnesses and ICH/IVH and hydrocephalus, better Hunt and Hess grades at presentation, ICA bifurcation as the commonest site, and better outcome than their adult counterparts.     

创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的手术治疗

目的研究创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的手术方法. 方法回顾分析1986年1月～2003年12月手术治疗的21例创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的病例,所有病例均应用Watson Jones手术. 结果 15例得到随访,随访时间1～15年,平均4.9年.1例因外伤再次脱位,其余14例未再出现脱位,均恢复正常运动或训练,比赛. 结论 Watson Jones手术治疗复发性脱位操作简单,损伤小,效果满意.     

胃癌术后膳食纤维和早期肠内营养与消化道并发症的关系

目的探讨胃癌术后膳食纤维和早期肠内营养(EN)与消化道相关并发症的关系。方法采用随机对照的方法,把56例胃癌术后患者随机分成能全素组和能全素加膳食纤维组,经鼻肠管进行早期肠内营养(EN),观察两组EN常见消化道并发症的发生情况。结果两组患者在临床资料方面具有可比性(P>0.05)。两组患者的术后腹胀、腹泻的发生率相似,均P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。1例能全素加膳食纤维组患者因吻合口水肿、输入袢不完全性梗阻而发生恶心、呕吐,其余患者均未发生恶心和呕吐。结论胃癌术后的早期膳食纤维EN并不增加EN消化道并发症的发生率。     

Ipsilateral mid-third clavicle fracture with grade V acromioclavicular joint dislocation

We report the case of a 20-year-old man with an ipsilateral mid-third clavicle fracture with grade V acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation. The combination of these two injuries is rare. A literature search produced various treatment algorithms. In this case, the patient was successfully treated with a Bosworth screw.This work was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, UK     

Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折中的初步应用

目的 探讨在骨盆髋臼骨折中采用耻骨联合上缘横形或下腹正中切口,真骨盆内操作(Stoppa人路)的初步临床经验. 方法对2008年3月至11月问应用Stoppa入路治疗的10例骨盆髋臼骨折患者进行总结.5例骨盆患者均为Tile C型,Stoppa入路复位同定前环的高位耻骨支骨折.髋臼骨折为横行2例,双柱、T型及后柱(四边体粉碎骨折伴中心脱位)骨折各1例,单纯Stoppa入路2例,联合Kocher-Langenbeck及髂腹股沟入路3例. 结果所有骨盆骨折均复位优,所有髋臼骨折均解剖复位.Stoppa入路平均切口长度10 cm(9～12 cm),平均手术时间88 min(75～105 min),半均出血560 mL(250～800 mL),无手术并发症.7例获得4～8个月随访,功能结果均满意. 结论 Stoppa入路可以替代髂腹股沟入路治疗高位耻骨支骨折,也可单独或联合其他入路治疗髋臼骨折,具有操作简单、并发症少的优点.     

成人结肠冗长症的诊治(附42例分析)

目的：探讨成人结肠冗长症的诊断与围手术期处理经验，提高对该病的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析42例成人结肠冗长症的临床资料，并作了随访观察。结果：32例患者（75．7％）有顽固性便秘，18例患者（42．9％）存在反复不完全肠梗阻，16例患者（38．1％）便秘与腹泻交替出现，以便秘为主。39例经X线钡剂灌肠透视确诊。急诊手术3例，择期手术39例。41例（97．6％）病理检查于镜下可见典型改变。42例均行不同长度的肠段切除，4例加行乙状结肠固定术。术后随访率为83．3％（35／42），28例症状消失，4例仍有症状，保守治疗有效果，3例再次手术，术后症状消失。结论：典型的病史和X线钡剂灌肠可确诊成人结肠冗长症，外科手术是治疗本病的最终有效措施。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移的外科手术适应证和疗效,以及临床病理因素对其预后的影响。方法回顾性分析1991年1月至2000年12月间施行肝切除术的61例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果结直肠癌肝转移切除术后1、3、5年生存率分别为72.1%、58.1%和26.0%,术后出现并发症8例,20例肝转移灶有假包膜形成。结直肠癌Dukes分期、病理类型、转移灶数目、假包膜形成对术后生存率有影响(P<0.05)。术后综合治疗者3年生存率明显优于无综合治疗者(P<0.05)。肝转移灶大小及其切除时间并不影响患者预后(P>0.05)。结论临床病理分期早、肿瘤分化程度高、转移灶数目不超过3个、肿瘤假包膜形成及术后综合治疗预示结直肠癌肝转移切除患者有较好的预后。     

泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术500例临床分析

目的:总结泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术经验,提高其临床应用水平。方法:2001年9月至2006年11月为500例患者施行泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术,其中男293例,女207例,9~76岁,平均44.6岁;其中肾上腺手术176例,肾囊肿去顶减压术75例,肾盂切开取石术10例,单纯肾切除术26例,根治性肾切除术31例,肾部分切除术2例,肾输尿管全切术18例,肾蒂淋巴管结扎术9例,输尿管切开取石术9例,输尿管成形术11例,精索静脉高位结扎术133例。并对15例后腹腔镜肾切除术与18例开放式肾切除术进行比较。结果:484例(96.8%)完成手术,其中1例因大出血于手术次日行开放手术;术中膈肌穿孔1例,术后切口感染6例,无大血管破裂、腹腔内脏器损伤、死亡等并发症发生;中转开放手术16例。肾切除手术中,后腹腔镜组的术中出血量及术后患者康复时间少于开放组。结论:后腹腔镜手术适于治疗肾上腺、肾、输尿管及精索静脉疾病,具有患者创伤小、安全、术后康复快等优点,可作为有适应证患者的首选手术方法。     

小肝癌射频消融与手术切除的疗效分析

目的通过对比研究,评价直径小于5 cm的肝细胞性肝癌（简称小肝癌）射频消融与手术切除治疗的临床疗效。方法选择2001年1月-2006年6月间87例临床诊断为小肝癌患者的资料。根据治疗方法分为射频组和手术组。随访时间6-71个月,采用Kap lan-Meier模型进行生存分析,Log-Rank试验被用来估计生存曲线的不同。结果本研究结束后,共有67例患者存活,20例患者死亡。射频组1、2、3年累积生存率分别为91%、76.7%、69.7%,手术组1、2、3年累积生存率分别为90%、82.9%、75.4%,两者生存曲线的差异经Log-Rank检验无统计学意义（χ^2=0.99,P=0.32）。全组共有43例肿瘤复发,射频组25例,手术组18例。两组间的复发构成比有显著性差异（χ^2=6.47,P=0.01）。射频组与手术组1、2、3年的无瘤生存率分别为57.3%、40.3%、35.3%与71.1%、45.7%、、30.9%,两组的无瘤生存率经Log-Rank检验无统计学差异（χ^2=0.06,P=0.80）。结论对于小肝癌而言,射频消融与手术切除有相近的疗效。射频治疗创伤小、可重复性强,在小肝癌的治疗中有重要的临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜辅助小切口甲状腺结节手术的临床应用

Objective To study the feasibility, superiority and experience of minimally invasive laparoscopic-assisted surgery of the thyroid using ultrosonic scalpel. Methods In a period from January, 2006-August, 2008, 56 patients of the department of general surgery, the hospital of Heilongjiang Province were diagnosed as thyroid node. The size of the nodes ranged from 5.0 cm×4.2 cm to 3.5 cm×2.0 cm in uhrosonography. An incision of about 1.5-2.0 cm was made 1.0 cm above the suprasternal notch and the operation was performed with ultrosonic scalpel assisted with laparoscope. Partial thyroideetomy of lateral thyroid was performed in 20 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 25 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy of unilateral thyroid and partial thyroidectomy of contralateral thyroid respectively in 1 case, partial thyroidectomy of bilateral thyroid in 10 cases. Results All 56 cases have undergone minimally invasive laparoscopic-assisted surgery successfully in 50-146 min and no complications occurred. Fifty five cases were confirmed to be benign lesion pathologically. Conclusion Laparoscopic-assisted surgery of the thyroid is an effective with a good cosmetic result.