埃索美拉唑对大鼠胃黏膜保护的作用

目的：探讨埃索美拉唑对大鼠胃黏膜保护作用。方法：在乙醇诱导大鼠胃黏膜损伤前,预先给予埃索美拉唑（20 mg/kg）灌胃,L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME,4 mg/kg）静脉注射。采用激光多普勒血流计（LDF）测定胃黏膜血流量（GMBF）,采用镉粒还原和比色法测定胃黏膜NO-2/NO3-含量,并观察了胃黏膜损伤指数（Ulcer index,UI）、溃疡坏死组织和中性粒细胞浸润严重程度的变化。结果：与模型损伤组比,埃索美拉唑组大鼠UI明显降低（P〈0.01）,溃疡坏死组织和中性粒细胞浸润程度明显减轻（P〈0.05）。预先用L-NAME处理后,埃索美拉唑保护胃黏膜损伤作用明显减弱。向胃内灌注埃索美拉唑,可增加GMBF、胃黏膜NO2-/NO-3,L-NAME可逆转这种作用,但对埃索美拉唑抑制酸分泌作用无明显影响。结论：埃索美拉唑对大鼠胃黏膜具有重要的保护作用,一氧化氮（Nitric oxide,NO）介导了这种作用。     

小儿幽门螺杆菌感染与慢性胃炎

目的 :研究幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacterpylori,Hp)感染与小儿不同类型慢性胃炎之间的关系。 方法 :对我院 2 0 0 0年—2 0 0 2年 14 0 4例具有上消化道症状 ,经胃镜检查确诊为慢性胃炎的患儿进行胃黏膜活检 ,分别行病理组织学检查及快速尿素酶试验、改良Giemsa染色找Hp ,同时患儿行血清抗HpIgG检测和 (或 ) 13 碳 尿素呼气试验 (13 C UBT)和 (或 )粪幽门螺杆菌抗原检测 (Helicobacterpyloristoolantigen ,HpSA)。 结果 :14 0 4例慢性胃炎患儿中 ,Hp感染率为 4 5 .3%。各种不同类型慢性胃炎中 ,以胃镜下结节性胃炎和消化性溃疡伴慢性胃炎的患儿Hp感染率为最高 ,分别为 71.2 %和 6 8.0 % ,明显高于其他胃炎组 (P <0 .0 1)。胃黏膜病理组织学改变 ,Hp感染组引起的黏膜炎症程度较重 ,淋巴滤泡形成比例明显较对照组高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :小儿时期Hp感染率已较高 ,随年龄增长Hp感染率增高。并且与小儿胃十二指肠疾病关系密切 ,其中与胃镜下结节性胃炎和消化性溃疡伴慢性胃炎最为密切。胃黏膜组织炎症程度越重 ,Hp感染阳性率越高。     

综合护理对小面积糖尿病足部溃疡的效果研究

目的 探讨小面积糖尿病足部溃疡的综合护理措施.方法 将58例小面积糖尿病足部溃疡患者随机分为2组.综合护理组(综护组)30例采用外科清创+红外线照射创面+生长因子(碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和重组人表皮细胞生长因子)+水胶敷料"安普贴"敷贴的综合护理治疗措施;对照组28例采用0.5%多聚维酮碘液或0.5%呋喃西林液湿敷.临床观察2组患者创面愈合进展情况、平均愈合时间以及创面细菌培养阳性率. 结果 综护组创面平均愈合时间(29.6±9.4)d,较对照组(39.2±13.5)d显著缩短(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.第7天和第14天创面细菌培养阳性例数2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 在常规内科治疗和一般护理措施基础上,外科清创+红外线照射+生长因子+水胶敷料敷贴的综合护理措施对小面积糖尿病足部溃疡具有较好的促进愈合效果.     

Intervention studies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of pressure sores: a literature review

Much has been written about the prevention of pressure sores. However, electronic and manual searches located only 10 studies within the literature in the UK that described interventions able to reduce either their incidence or prevalence. All the studies located contained serious methodological flaws. Apparent success in reducing the number or severity of pressure sores could have resulted because staff involved in data collection were aware that the study was being undertaken and thus took more interest in pressure area care. From the review findings it is apparent that there is a dearth of research evidence upon which to base practice in the sphere of pressure sore prevention and further research is urgently required.     

Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist (bezafibrate) on gastric secretion and gastric cytoprotection in rats

The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) on gastric secretion and gastric cytoprotection was evaluated using five different models of gastric ulcers: acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers, pylorus ligation, ethanol-induced, indomethacin-induced and ischemia-reperfusion-induced gastric ulcers. Bezafibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist was administered at two different doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneanally. Both doses of bezafibrate showed significant antiulcer effect in ethanol-induced, indomethacin-induced and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcers. Bezafibrate increased healing of ulcer in acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer model. Both doses were also effective in preventing gastric lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion. It was concluded that PPAR-alpha activation increases healing of gastric ulcers and also prevents development of gastric ulcers in rats.     

消化性溃疡合并血管裸露出血的内镜征象及内镜治疗的研究

目的研究消化性溃疡合并血管裸露出血患者的内镜征象与内镜治疗和常规药物治疗的预后之间的关系。方法参考ForreSt分级将136例患者分为4级：Ⅱa、Ⅱa Ⅰa级、Ⅱa Ⅰb级、Ⅱa Ⅱb级。每级患者随机接受内镜下注射治疗与常规药物治疗，反复大出血者外科手术。结果内镜治疗组的即刻止血率均为100．0％，内镜治疗组、药物治疗组的24h止血率分别为100％、39．7％；平均输血量分别为2μ、8μ；再出血率分别为7．4％、45．6％，手术率分别为2．9％、17．6％。结论消化性溃疡合并血管裸露出血的临床表现较重，内镜下治疗的止血效果优于药物治疗，且再出血的发生率和手术率较低。     

胰岛素样生长因子及其受体在难愈性溃疡组织中的表达特征

目的探讨IGF-Ⅰ与其受体两亚基(α,β)在正常皮肤和溃疡中的分布和表达特征。方法溃疡8例和正常皮肤8例用免疫组化方法确定3种蛋白定位和表达量。结果在溃疡组织中,与正常皮肤相比IGF-Ⅰ表达虽有所升高,但增加不显著(P>0.05),蛋白定位差异无显著性意义。含有IGF-ⅠRα和IGF-Ⅰβ蛋白的阳性细胞主要为部分表皮细胞、单核细胞和巨噬细胞,两种蛋白的阳性表达率分别降至正常皮肤的43.9%和50.0%(P<0.05)。结论在IGF-Ⅰ因子高浓度环境中,溃疡创面难愈性修复可能与IGF-Rα和IGF-Ⅰβ蛋白表达下降,引起因子与受体结合发生障碍相关。     

Helicobacter pylori-infected Japanese monkeys

Conclusion It is possible to establish persistentH. pylori infection in the gastric mucosa of Japanese monkeys and create acute and chronic gastritis similar to that found in humans; persistent infection causes atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa. Japanese monkeys, which age approximately flve times faster than humans, provide a valuable model for investigating the long-term effects ofH. pylori infection on the gastric mucosa and for the study of stages in the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori produces gastritis resulting in both local inflammation and a systemic immune response. Genes have been isolated that code for cytotoxic proteins such as CagA, VacA, and for heat-shock protein. A number of points remain unresolved concerning the pathology ofH. pylori infection, known to be closely related to the recurrence of peptic ulcers. Routes of infection are fecaloral and oral-oral, and humans can be infected from pets.⁵³ Gastroendoscopy can be a source of nosocomial infections. The natural habitat ofH. pylori in humans is limited almost exclusively to the surface layer of the gastric mucosa; it is rarely found in other locations. In the future, we should develop chemotherapeutic methods for curingH. pylori infections and a vaccine for their prevention. The present study was conducted in accordance with Oita Medical University guidelines for animal experimentation.     

The efficacy of removable devices to offload and heal neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers in people with diabetes: a single‐blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial

Non‐removable offloading is the ‘gold standard’ treatment for neuropathic diabetic plantar forefoot ulcers. However, removable offloading is the common ‘standard of care’. We compared three removable offloading devices for ulcer healing efficacy. In this multicentre, randomised controlled trial, 60 persons with neuropathic diabetic plantar forefoot ulcers were randomly assigned to wear a custom‐made knee‐high cast [BTCC (bivalved TCC)], custom‐made ankle‐high cast shoe or a prefabricated ankle‐high forefoot‐offloading shoe (FOS). Primary outcome was healing at 12 weeks. Dynamic plantar pressures, daily stride count and treatment adherence were assessed on a randomly selected subset (n = 35). According to intention‐to‐treat analysis, 58% of patients healed with BTCC [OR 0·77 (95% CI 0·41–1·45) versus FOS], 60% with cast shoe [OR 0·81 (95% CI 0·44–1·49) versus FOS] and 70% with FOS (P = 0·70). Mean ± SD peak pressure in kPa at the ulcer site was 81 ± 55 for BTCC, 176 ± 80 for cast shoe and 107 ± 52 for FOS (P = 0·005); stride count was 4150 ± 1626, 3514 ± 1380 and 4447 ± 3190, respectively (P = 0·71); percentage of 2‐week intervals that patients wore the device <50% of time was 17·3%, 5·2% and 4·9%, respectively. Non‐significant differences in healing efficacy between the three devices suggest that, when non‐removable offloading is contraindicated or not available, each can be used for plantar forefoot ulcer offloading. Efficacy is lower than previously found for non‐removable offloading maybe because suboptimal adherence and high stride count expose the patient to high repetitive stresses. These factors should be carefully considered in decision making regarding ulcer treatment.