Psychometric comparisons of the standard and abbreviated DBAS-10 versions of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the DBAS-10, a recently proposed abbreviated version of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale (DBAS). POPULATION: Two hundred and eleven (69 normal sleepers; 142 insomnia suffers) middle-aged and older adults (age 40-79 years) drawn from two separate cohorts of research volunteers. METHOD: Volunteers in the first cohort (69 normal sleepers; 69 insomnia sufferers) completed the full DBAS on one occasion. Volunteers in the second cohort (73 insomnia sufferers) completed the full DBAS prior to treatment and at multiple subsequent time points to assess treatment-related changes. A series of statistical tests were conducted with one or both cohorts to investigate the comparability of the DBAS-10 and full DBAS, the internal consistency of each instrument, the factor structure of the DBAS-10, and the validity of this instrument. RESULTS: Statistical findings showed that the DBAS-10 correlated highly with the full DBAS, had respectable internal consistency, effectively discriminated normal sleepers from insomnia sufferers, and detected cognitive changes resulting specifically from CBT intervention. Although factor analysis empirically identified three conceptually meaningful DBAS-10 subscales, the subscale structure varied somewhat from previous factor analytic findings with this instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The DBAS-10 generally appears to have very acceptable psychometric properties although subscales previously proposed for this instrument may vary across research populations. Nonetheless, results encourage the use of this instrument in studies concerned with the nature and treatment of sleep-disruptive cognitions.     

Persistence of Anopheles arabiensis during the severe dry season conditions in Senegal: an indirect approach using microsatellite loci

Variation at nine microsatellite loci was investigated to understand how Anopheles arabiensis populations survive the dry season in the sahelian region of Senegal. Low estimates of genetic differentiation (F(ST) = 0.012, R(ST) = 0.009) between two populations, 250 km apart, suggested extensive gene flow across this distance. Despite extreme seasonal fluctuation in abundance with dry season minima in which mosquitoes virtually disappeared, allele frequencies remained stable over time in the village of Barkedji from August 1994 to December 1997 (including four rainy seasons and three dry seasons). The effective population size (Ne) was estimated to be 601 with 95% CI (281, 1592), providing strong evidence against annual bottlenecks. Differences in measures of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium between the dry and the rainy seasons were not detected. These results suggest that despite extreme minima in local density, An. arabiensis maintains large permanent deme spread out over large area.     

深圳市公明地区1994～2006年法定传染病流行特征分析

目的分析公明地区法定传染病流行特征，为新区政府制定传染病预防控制策略提供依据。方法对公明地区1994—2006年法定传染病甲乙丙类疫情报告资料进行描述性统计分析。结果疟疾发病呈明显下降趋势，淋病、肺结核、痢疾、病毒性肝炎发病率较高，梅毒、艾滋病发病率呈上升趋势，外来流动人口发病率较本地常住人口高，主要与流动人口存在高危行为有关。结论外来流动人口传染病防控是当前主要公共卫生问题，健康教育，行为干预等多项综合防治手段是预防控制传染病流行的有效措施。     

辽宁省农村人群脑卒中的流行病学特征及危险因素调查

目的了解辽宁省农村地区成年人群脑卒中的流行病学特征和相关危险因素，为辽宁省农村地区脑卒中的防治和干预提供科学依据。方法采用随机分层整群抽样对7个乡镇≥35岁30214名农村常驻（≥5年）成年人进行了调查。由培训过的医师对调查对象进行了血压测量和常见脑卒中危险因素资料的收集。结果辽宁省农村居民脑卒中患病率为2．48％，标化率为2．56％；男性患病率2．97％，显著高于女性患病率1．98％。随着年龄和血压分级的增高，脑卒中患病率呈明显的增高趋势。多元Logistic逐步回归显示年龄、性别、超重肥胖、高血压家族史、高血压、高血脂及高文化等因素是脑卒中患病的危险因素。超重、肥胖伴有高血压、高血脂者患脑卒中的危险性是同龄健康者的54．01倍（95％CI：37．09～78．64）。结论辽宁省农村居民脑卒中患病率高，高血压是脑卒中最显著的危险因素，许多居民对脑卒中危险因素的防治知识非常匮乏。     

不同孕期孕妇血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)标准值研究测定及其对正常妊娠临床价值

目的:测定不同孕周孕妇血清中α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)含量,明确正常妊娠AFU的标准值及其对正常妊娠的临床意义。方法:对早孕组(孕12周末以前)、中孕组(孕13~27周末以前)、晚孕组(孕28~41周)共2 583例,非孕期对照组妇女136例,空腹抽取静脉血2 m l,离心分离血清,应用速率法检测血清AFU值。数据以均数±标准差表示,两均数差别采用独立样本t检验;用SPSS 10.0统计软件。组间比较采用非参数检验方法即Kruskal-W allis Test。结果:早孕组AFU正常值范围在10.800~37.070 U/L,与非孕期对照组无显著性差异。中孕组、晚孕组正常值分别为13.950~46.170 U/L、24.195~61.100 U/L,与非孕期对照组间存在显著性差异。结论:随着孕周的增加,孕妇血清AFU含量显著升高,期望不同孕期孕妇血清AFU标准值的确定,对正常妊娠及病理妊娠提供有价值的诊断指标。     

2003年成都市健康人群麻疹抗体水平调查

目的了解人群麻疹免疫状况,针对性地开展麻疹的科学防治。方法将成都市健康人群分为3-5、7-8、13-14、20-40岁4个年龄组,每组随机抽取不少于30人,共157人,采集血清;用ELISA法检测人群血清中麻疹IgG抗体水平。结果人群麻疹IgG抗体GMT为881.60,随着年龄的增长GMT呈下降趋势,由3-5岁组的1002.13逐步下降为20-40岁组的881.60。结论成都市健康人群的麻疹IgG抗体水平比较高;随着年龄的增长,易感人群有增加趋势,局部仍有麻疹暴发的可能,关注大龄儿童特别是流动儿童的免疫接种工作,必要时在成人中开展麻疹疫苗补种工作。     

浙江省农村居民戒烟失败原因多重对应分析

目的：了解浙江省农村地区15岁以上居民戒烟失败的原因。方法：利用2003年浙江省卫生服务调查的资料，对农村15岁及以上居民戒烟失败的原因，在单因素分析基础上进行多重对应分析。结果30-45岁、初中及以上文化程度、从事商业服务或管理技术人员戒烟失败的原因主要为社交需要或受朋友／环境的影响；45-60岁、小学文化程度、从事农林牧渔业、已婚者戒烟失败的原因多为控制不住烟瘾或健康状况变化。结论：多重对应分析图直观地表现了戒烟失败原因和各因素间的关系，比一般的卡方检验提供了更多的信息，为有关部门制定相应政策提供客观科学的依据。     

石油沥青对职业人群健康影响的调查

目的调查长期接触石油沥青对职业人群健康的影响，为制订职业卫生标准提供职业流行病学调查资料。方法对防水材料生产企业和石油沥青暴露人群进行作业场所劳动卫生学和职业流行病学调查。结果对石油沥青暴露组394人，对照组237人调查结果表明，暴露组失眠、胸闷、鼻干等症状出现率高于对照组，其他检查显示，暴露组肺纹理增强、支气管炎出现率虽高于对照组，但无统计学意义。结论作业场所石油沥青烟浓度为0．69—10．46mg／m^3的情况下，石油沥青对职业人群健康没有产生明显的损害作用，也没有发现特异性损害。     

苁蓉总苷对正常小鼠学习记忆功能的影响研究

目的观察苁蓉总苷对正常小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法使用水迷宫实验、跳台法、避暗法重复2次检测正常小鼠学习记忆水平。结果2次实验结果显示苁蓉总苷可以明显降低水迷宫实验到达终点的时间,2min内到终点的动物数显著增多;可以使跳台的潜伏期明显延长,5min内的错误次数明显减少。结论苁蓉总苷可以提高正常小鼠的学习记忆功能。     

农村艾滋病流行区高三学生艾滋病知识和态度研究

目的了解艾滋病流行区高中毕业生对艾滋病问题的知识和态度,探索适合农村青少年预防控制艾滋病和减少歧视的教育措施。方法选取安徽省某县高三学生767人,进行问卷调查。结果高三学生对艾滋病传播途径和非传播途径知识的总体知晓率达到76.92%,但共用剃须刀传播艾滋病和蚊虫叮咬不传播艾滋病知识知晓率偏低,且女生明显低于男生。高三学生获得艾滋病相关知识的主要来源为广播电视、学校教师和报刊杂志。只有9.3%的人感觉自己处于感染艾滋病的危险中,对艾滋病病人的态度90%以上的人认为值得同情,大多数人能容忍和艾滋病病人/感染者进行一般性接触,但对于和艾滋病人较为密切的接触则显示出较高的不可接受性,且女生尤为明显。结论农村中学应深入开展形式多样和有针对性的预防艾滋病健康教育,以提高艾滋病的知晓率,消除对艾滋病病人的歧视,从而控制艾滋病的蔓延。