发育性髋脱位的影像学研究进展

发育性髋脱位是一种常见的小儿骨科疾病。临床表现较隐匿,影像学检查对其诊断有重要价值。本文对X线、造影、超声、CT、MRI等影像检查方法对发育性髋脱位的诊断应用进行综述,探讨各种方法的优缺点及对发育性髋脱位的诊断价值。     

Carpentier-Edwards pericardial aortic valve in middle-aged patients comparison with the St. Jude medical valve

Objective The objective of the present study was to compare long-term results of single aortic valve replacement (AVR) with mechanical (St. Jude Medical valves: standard) and biologic (the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial) prostheses. Method: Between 1995 and 2002, 95 patients who underwent single AVR with mechanical (n=46) or biologic (n=49) prostheses were enrolled in this study. The mean age at the operation was 54.0±9.6 years (range: 20 to 69 years) with the mechanical and 68.8±7.1 years (range: 44 to 85 years) with the biologic prosthesis. Results: The 9-year actuarial survival rate, which was calculated by taking perioperative mortality into account, was 90.3±4.6% for patients with mechanical valves and 87.6 ±4.8% for patients with bioprostheses, with no difference between the two groups (p=0.342). The 9-year freedom rate from thromboembolism, reoperation, endocarditis was 94.8+3.6%, 100% and 97.8 ±2.2% for patients with mechanical valves and 98.0 ±2.0%, 97.5 ±3.4% and 95.0 ±3.4% for those with bioprostheses, respectively. After 9 years, freedom from cardiac death averaged 97.8% in the group with mechanical valves compared with 95.3% in those with bioprostheses (p=0.541). Conclusion: We conclude that the mid-term durability of the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in the aortic position for the elderly is excellent. Nevertheless, the risk of tissue valve reoperation progressively increases with time, and a longer follow-up may be necessary to provide its value compared with the mechanical valves in a country like Japan with a high life expectancy. (Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 53:465-469)     

ANALYSIS OF BURIED BUMPER SYNDROME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY DUE TO USE OF A BUTTON‐TYPE KIT

Background: Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a rare complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Along with the widespread use of the button‐type kit, BBS is encountered frequently. Methods: In the present study, we examined causes and treatments for BBS among 1400 patients who had undergone PEG. Results: The causes of BBS after PEG were classified into two categories: early causes consisted of wound infection, inappropriate size of kit and severe lordosis, while late causes were inappropriate exchange of kit, rough management or weight gain. The treatments for BBS could be determined by the degree of wound infection, fistula and burial of the bumper. Conclusion: We prepared a flowchart for replacement, by which BBS can be managed safely and quickly without surgical or endoscopic intervention.     

人工髋关节置换术后脂肪栓塞综合征的观察与护理

笔者报道人工髋关节置换术后脂肪栓塞综合征的护理措施认为重视氧饱和度及动脉血氧分压监测，注意观察中枢神经系统症状和呼吸系统症状，及时发现并纠止低氧血症，对不同的病人制定不同护理方案，严密观察病情，及时掌握病情变化：是护理的关键。     

中国农村人群骨折基本情况分析

调查了中国≥50岁中老年农村人群20岁以后的骨折发生情况。共计8266人,骨折率为6.42%;其中男性3771人,骨折率为7.48%;女性4495人,骨折率为5.54%。男性显著高于女性(P<0.01)。同时分析了不同部位的骨折发生情况,其中髋部骨折率为0.68%。骨折与跌跤发生因素密切相关,为此本研究还阐述了最近一年中人群跌倒情况,其跌倒率为11.13%。其结果为人群骨折的预防提供了科学依据。     

风心病并发脑栓塞病人的瓣膜替换术

报告６４例风心病并发脑栓塞病人的瓣膜替换术。术前心功能Ｉ级１０例、ＩＩ级３８例、ＩＶ级１６例。伴房颤者５４例。脑栓塞史半年以上者４４例，６个月以内２０例，其中２个月以内者１４例。３４例有程度不同的脑栓塞后遗症。行二尖瓣替换术４７例、双瓣膜替换术１７例，同期行三尖瓣环环缩或成形术４３例。术中证实有左房血栓２５例（３９％）。手术死亡率６．２５％。术后并发颅内出血和栓塞各１例。结果表明风心病并发脑栓塞病人的手术效果良好。作者指出，脑栓塞２个月以上者应尽早手术，２个月以内者则应根据脑栓塞程度、恢复情况及有无左房血栓，选择手术时机。并介绍了围术期的处理经验。     

对500名广州妇女关于激素替代疗法态度的调查

【目的】了解广州妇女对激素替代疗法 (HRT)的态度。【方法】对 5 0 0名妇女进行面对面的问卷调查 ,记录她们对绝经症状以及激素替代疗法的认识和态度。【结果】 5 9%的妇女认为对绝经症状应该求医 ,41%妇女采取消极忍耐的态度 ,76 2 %的人选择妇科就诊 ,19 8%的妇女选择内外科或精神科 ;仅有 2 2 1%的妇女听说过HRT。绝经后妇女应用HRT的有5 9% ,2 4 4%的人不知道HRT的益处 ,知道可以预防骨质疏松和心血管疾病的分别有 17 8%和 10 8% ,5 9 8%的人不知道HRT的副作用 ,13 6 %的人不知道在哪科医生的指导下应用HRT ,40 4%的人不知道何时开始应用HRT。【结论】我们认为广州妇女的围绝经期保健意识不强 ,对HRT的了解很少 ,对HRT的利弊认识不足 ,有必要开展这方面的科普教育工作。     

Importance of Albumin, 25(OH)-Vitamin D and IGFBP-3 as Risk Factors in Elderly Women and Men with Hip Fracture

The relative importance of vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, nutritional deficiency and low bone mineral density (BMD) as risk factors for hip fracture is not definitely established. In the framework of a case-control study of risk factors for hip fractured, biochemical markers of bone metabolism and nutrition and femoral BMD data were compared in 136 female and 43 male hip fracture patients, 126 female and 44 male age-matched hospitalized controls, and 47 healthy elderly women (8 men). Patients with hip fracture had lower albumin (−10%9 and 25(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D; −19%) compared with hospitalized controls, and lower albumin (−28%) and 25(OH)D levels (−52%) compared with the elderly controls. Serum values of IGFBP-3 were also significantly lower (−33%) in hip fracture patients than in community controls. BMD of femoral neck was lower (p < 0.001) in patients than in hospitalized and community controls. In hip fracture patients, parathyroid hormone (PTH) correlated weakly with BMD (neck: r = −0.19, trochanter: r = −0.17; both p < 0.05). When all women were pooled (n = 233), albumin correlated significantly (age-adjusted) with BMD at all sites (neck: r = 0.27, trochanter: r = 0.25; all p < 0.001). Albumin, but not 25(OH)D, also correlated with skinfold thickness (r = 0.19, p < 0.0025) and with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.14, p < 0.05). Male patients with hip fracture had lower BMD and albumin (both p < 0.001), 25(OH)D (p = 0.02) and IGFBP-3 levels (p <: 0.005) compared with the controls. When male patients and controls were pooled together, albumin, skinfold thickness and BMI were significantly correlated with each other, but not with BMD. IGFBP-3 was highly correlated with albumin (p < 0.0001), 25(OH)D (p < 0.005) and, less significantly, with PTH (p < 0.05), but not with BMI or skinfold thickness. IGFBP-3 was significantly correlated with BMD at all sites (neck: r = 0.27, p < 0.05); trochanter: r = 0.40, p < 0.0005). In conclusion, low albumin and low BMD were both important risk factors for hip fracture. Low serum albumin was the strongest independent variable correlated with hip fractures. In men, IGFBP-3 was correlated with BMD. The femoral BMD depended only weakly on PTH and 25(OH)D, but was correlated at all sites with albumin, a non-specific parameter of nutrition and general health.     

胚胎颅骨骨膜移植修复髋关节软骨大面积缺损

１９９０年５月～１９９４年４月，对４２例（４７个髋）关节软骨全厚缺损患者采用冷冻保存胚胎颅骨骨膜移植进行修复，其中１４例股骨头骨质Ⅳ期坏死者，同时施行带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨植骨。对３４例（３８个髋）进行了２年～６年（平均４０个月）随访。结果表明，按照吴之康髋关节人工置换术后疗效评定标准，优良２５例，很好５例，好３例，尚可１例。认为，与自体移植物修复关节软骨大面积缺损相比，这种方法无附加损伤，具有移植材料、形态与股骨头相似等特点，是治疗髋关节软骨大面积缺损的一种有效方法。