中药注射剂在儿科临床应用的安全性评价研究

目的了解中药注射剂在儿科应用引发不良反应/不良事件(ADR/ADE)的特点和规律,评价其安全性,为临床合理应用提供参考。方法通过对我院近五年发生的166例儿科中药注射剂ADR/ADE进行回顾性统计分析。结果 166例ADR/ADE中男性122例次,女性64例次,涉及中药注射剂12种,清热解毒类中药注射剂是致儿童ADR/ADE的主要药物;变态反应发生率最高,其中痰热清注射液引起ADR/ADE的例数最多,为80例次,占43.01%。所致ADR/ADE最常见的是皮肤及附件损害,占58.72%。结论中药注射剂说明书应进一步规范儿童用量,医院应高度重视儿科应用中药注射剂引起的ADR/ADE并加强ADR/ADE报告和监测工作,严格遵循中药注射剂临床使用基本原则,加强监护并及时处理,保障患儿用药安全,促进临床合理用药。     

前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床效果分析

分析观察前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法将82例慢性肾小球肾炎患者随机均分为观察组和对照组各41例,2组患者均给予常规内科治疗,观察组在此基础上给予前列地尔,2周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。结果观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;2组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数、Scr和BUN比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎效果好,副作用小,具有临床应用价值。     

Comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing an invasive strategy: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Objective

This meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin plus glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Pharmacotherapy for patients undergoing PCI includes bivalirudin, heparin, and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. We sought to compare ischemic and bleeding outcomes with bivalirudin versus heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods

A literature search was conducted to identify fully published randomized trials that compared bivalirudin with heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI.

Results

A total of 19,772 patients in 5 clinical trials were included in the analysis (9785 patients received bivalirudin and 9987 patients received heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors during PCI). Anticoagulation with bivalirudin, as compared with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, results in no difference in major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96 to 1.19), death (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.21), or urgent revascularization (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.30). There is a trend towards a higher risk of myocardial infarction (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.28) but a significantly lower risk of TIMI major bleeding with bivalirudin (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.69).

Conclusion

In patients who undergo PCI, anticoagulation with bivalirudin as compared with unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors results in similar ischemic adverse events but a reduction in major bleeding.     

消水方联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的:观察口服消水方联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法:118例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组,治疗组65例采用口服中药消水方联合顺铂胸腔灌注,对照组53例单用顺铂胸腔灌注。以恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效、生活质量评分及临床症状积分为指标进行临床观察。结果:治疗组和对照组近期有效率分别为72.3%和66.1%,两组无显著性差异,但治疗组较对照组生活质量显著改善(P<0.05),症状明显缓解(P<0.05)。结论:消水方联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液,近期疗效未见明显提高,但可减轻症状,提高生活质量。     

Differential Changes in Inflammatory Mononuclear Phagocyte and T-Cell Profiles within Psoriatic Skin during Treatment with Guselkumab vs. Secukinumab

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Machine learning models improve prediction of large vessel occlusion and mechanical thrombectomy candidacy in acute ischemic stroke

Background and PurposeEarly identification of large vessel occlusions (LVO) and timely recanalization are paramount to improved clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. A stroke assessment that maximizes sensitivity and specificity for LVOs is needed to identify these cases and not overburden the health system with unnecessary transfers. Machine learning techniques are being used for predictive modeling in many aspects of stroke care and may have potential in predicting LVO presence and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) candidacy.MethodsIschemic stroke patients treated at Loyola University Medical Center from July 2018 to June 2019 (N = 286) were included. Thirty-five clinical and demographic variables were analyzed using machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, random forest (RF), and decision trees to build models predictive of LVO presence and MT candidacy by area of the curve (AUC) analysis. The best performing model was compared with prior stroke scales.ResultsWhen using all 35 variables, RF best predicted LVO presence (AUC = 0.907 ± 0.856–0.957) while logistic regression best predicted MT candidacy (AUC = 0.930 ± 0.886–0.974). When compact models were evaluated, a 10-feature RF model best predicted LVO (AUC = 0.841 ± 0.778–0.904) and an 8-feature RF model best predicted MT candidacy (AUC = 0.862 ± 0.782–0.942). The compact RF models had sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of 0.81, 0.87, 0.92, 0.72 for LVO and 0.87, 0.97, 0.97, 0.86 for MT, respectively. The 10-feature RF model was superior at predicting LVO to all previous stroke scales (AUC 0.944 vs 0.759–0.878) and the 8-feature RF model was superior at predicting MT (AUC 0.970 vs 0.746–0.834).ConclusionRandom forest machine learning models utilizing clinical and demographic variables predicts LVO presence and MT candidacy with a high degree of accuracy in an ischemic stroke cohort. Further validation of this strategy for triage of stroke patients requires prospective and external validation.     

功能独立性评定在脊髓损伤患者中的临床应用

目的探讨康复治疗对于不同程度脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury，SCI)患者功能恢复的意义。 方法选择2016年12月至2017年10月丽水市4家医院脊髓损伤住院患者共80例，设立一般治疗的对照组和康复治疗的实验组，通过功能独立性评定(function independent measure，FIM)及临床随访，评估康复治疗在脊髓损伤中的应用价值。 结果康复治疗对于提高脊髓损伤患者生活水平有高效性和实用性；患者的认知功能和运动功能恢复情况相似，73.33%患者优先恢复进餐能力；患者的配合程度影响恢复情况。 结论FIM评估能有效反映脊髓损伤患者的真实状况。康复治疗有助于SCI患者尽可能提高独立生活能力，将会成为攻克SCI这一常见棘手疾病的有力助手。