急性梗阻性结直肠癌的外科处理

目的探讨急性梗阻性结直肠癌的外科处理方法。方法回顾分析1996—2004年收治的58例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者的治疗方法。全组58例，一期切除吻合26例，一期切除＋近端结肠造瘘21例，单纯结肠造瘘5例，捷径手术6例。结果住院期间死亡6例，吻合口漏1例，51例恢复顺利，康复出院。结论重视围手术期的处理，根据急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者的全身情况和局部条件合理选择手术方式。     

胃肠道肿瘤术后复发与肠粘连引起的肠梗阻临床分析

目的：探讨胃肠道肿瘤复发和粘连性肠梗阻的临床区别和治疗特点。方法：回顾性复习了经手术治疗的86例胃肠道肿瘤术后出现肠梗阻的临床资料，并分析其在临床上区别和治疗特点。结果：86例中粘连性肠梗阻39例，肿瘤复发47例，在复发组胃癌术后复发最为多见(P＜0．05)，原发性肿瘤分化差的其复发引起肠道梗阻明显高于分化好引起的粘连性肠梗阻(P＜0．01)。症状上肿瘤复发组出现的恶心、呕吐及肛门停止排便排气低于粘连性肠梗阻(P＜0．01)。肿瘤复发的肠梗阻表现为不全性梗阻，口服泛影葡胺治疗多能缓解，但大部分患者部分症状仍存在，粘连性肠梗阻多为完全性肠梗阻(P＜0．005)，多需要手术。结论：低分化原发肿瘤、不全性肠梗阻、低发生率的恶心和呕吐及肛门停止排便排气的肠梗阻，多提示为肿瘤的复发，泛影葡胺治疗后梗阻缓解但仍有症状存在应首先考虑是肿瘤复发。     

上尿路梗阻性急性肾功能不全内、外引流的选择

目的探讨内、外引流在上尿路梗阻急性肾功能不全时的选择和效果。方法25例各种原因引起的上尿路梗阻（15例肿瘤性梗阻,10例非肿瘤性梗阻）合并急性肾功能不全,分别或先后对12例行输尿管内置双J管（doub le J,D J）内引流15次,对19例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘（percutaneous nephrectomy,PCN）外引流23次。结果引流成功23例,PCN外引流成功率86.9%（20/23）,双J管内引流成功率60.0%（9/15）,PCN术后继发出血1例。结论对于盆腹腔进展期或广泛转移肿瘤导致的梗阻,PCN解除梗阻优于输尿管支架内引流;非肿瘤性梗阻宜先尝试D J内引流。     

慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的治疗

目的探讨放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的治疗方法及临床效果。方法对2001年8月至2006年12月间收治的51例慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行总结。结果本组患者放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻均为肿瘤切除后盆腔、腹腔接受放射治疗所致,从放疗结束到肠梗阻症状出现的时间为(11.9±22.6)个月。分别采用了保守治疗(方案包括禁食、胃肠减压、抑制消化液分泌、营养支持、灌肠、补液、对症等,对于有感染征象的患者选用敏感的抗生素)、肠切除吻合术、肠造口术及短路手术。2例患者因肿瘤广泛转移未行有效手术治疗,1例患者术后因腹腔出血死亡,48例患者得到治愈,治愈率达94.1%。结论慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的治疗方案应该根据患者的营养状况及肠管损伤情况进行选择。     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。     

Broad ligament hernia-associated bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a female patient 29 years of age with antecedents of laparoscopic laser ablation for endometriosis, laparoscopic appendectomy, and umbilical hernioplasty. METHODS: The patient was admitted to the hospital's emergency room for abdominal pain in the epigastrium, transfixing, irradiating to both upper quadrants and to the lumbar region, accompanied by nausea and gastrobiliary vomiting. Lipase determination was 170 mg/dL. Other laboratory findings were normal. Plain abdominal films on the patient's admission were normal, and computed tomography (CT) showed data compatible with acute pancreatitis. Without improvement during the patient's hospital stay, pain and vomiting increased in intensity and frequency. RESULTS: New abdominal x-rays revealed dilatation of small bowel loops. Management was begun for intestinal obstruction, with intravenous hydration and placement of a nasogastric tube without a good response. At 48 hours, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, revealing a 3-cm internal hernia in the left broad ligament in which a 20-cm segment of terminal ileum was encased. We performed liberation of the ileal segment and closed the hernial orifice by using the laparoscopic approach. CONCLUSION: The patient's evolution was excellent.     

直肠癌Miles术后并发内疝性肠梗阻的防治(附5例报告)

目的:探讨直肠癌Miles术后内疝性肠梗阻的原因、预防和诊治.方法:对1998年1月至2006年10月间收治的直肠癌Miles术后并发内疝性肠梗阻5例进行回顾性分析.结果:Miles术后并发内疝性肠梗阻的发生率为6%(5/82),表现术后不同程度的腹胀,阵发性腹痛,呕吐,胃管引流液每天超过500 mL者,结肠造瘘口无排气排便;腹部轻压痛,肠鸣音活跃或亢进.腹部立、卧位X线片检查,均发现肠腔扩张、多个液平或孤立性肠袢扩张.5例均行剖腹探查而证实,疝内容物为回肠,其中行单纯粘连松解复位2例,部分回肠切除、端端吻合术3例.再次手术后均痊愈出院.结论:Miles术后内疝性肠梗阻常缺乏典型的临床表现,早期诊断和及时剖腹探查是处理的关键,其重点在于预防.     

Nationwide investigations of intestinal obstruction in Japan

Two nationwide questionnaire surveys of intestinal obstruction in Japan were undertaken, covering two two-year periods, from January, 1975 to December, 1976 and from January, 1985 to December, 1986, respectively. The findings of a comparative review of these two surveys indicated that although the overall mortality of intestinal obstruction had not changed between 1975/76 and 1985/86, being 6.8 per cent and 6.5 per cent, respectively, simple adhesive obstruction had decreased from 3.2 per cent in 1975/76 to 2.0 per cent in 1985/86. The main cause of adhesion was laparotomy and in cases of both simple adhesive obstruction and strangulated adhesive obstruction, the rate of adhesion secondary to laparotomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon and rectum had increased between 1975/76 and 1985/86. Obstructions caused by neoplasms had increased from 8.2 per cent in 1975/76 to 10.0 per cent in 1985/86, while those caused by adhesions had incresed further still, from 42.5 per cent in 1975/76 to 60.8 per cent in 1985/86. Among the latter group, nonoperatively treated cases had increased, which may be accounted for by the fact that facilities which adopt non-operative treatment using intestinal decompression as the first choice for simple adhesive obstruction cases have increased. In both surveys, the mortality of cases receiving nonoperative treatment was lower than that of operative cases.     

Respiratory obstruction after posterior fossa surgery

We report a case of acute upper airway obstruction after tracheal extubation 24 hours after surgery. The respiratory complications of surgery for posterior fossa lesions are discussed.     

The importance of vaginal mucosal folds at the urethral external meatus

We report on the vaginal mucosal folds (VMF) at the urethral external meatus. Resection of the VMF reduces the dispersed micturition and other urinary symptoms. EDITORIAL COMMENT: The investigators describe the presence of a vaginal mucosal fold (VMF) just dorsal to the urethral meatus and its relationship to voiding abnormalities. VMF were found on physical examination in 8.9% of the clinic population, all of whom complained of dispersed micturition, and 79% also experienced other voiding abnormalities. The complaint of dispersed micturition was successfully treated with excision of the VMF, and the other associated symptoms were improved. This structure should be routinely looked for on physical examination, especially in patients with voiding symptoms. Only further investigation of this newly described entity at other centers around the world will determine the incidence of the anatomic finding and the prevalence of associated voiding disturbances across different populations.