复方莪术油栓联合克霉唑阴道片治疗老年性阴道炎的临床研究

目的研究复方莪术油栓联合克霉唑阴道片治疗老年性阴道炎的临床疗效。方法选取2018年6月—2019年6月在平顶山市第二人民医院治疗的120例老年性阴道炎患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各60例。对照组给予克霉唑阴道片,1片/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予复方莪术油栓,1枚/次,1次/d。两组患者持续治疗10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组临床症状缓解时间、阴道p H值、病原菌检出率、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)量表评分、阴道灌洗液炎性因子水平。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的83.33%(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组白带减少时间、外阴瘙痒、外阴阴道疼痛、黏膜充血消失时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者阴道酸碱度(p H)值、病原菌检出率均显著降低,GQOLI-74量表评分显著升高(P0.05);且治疗组指标改善较多(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者阴道灌洗液白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平显著降低(P0.05);并且治疗组阴道灌洗液中细胞因子水平降低较多(P0.05)。结论复方莪术油栓联合克霉唑阴道片治疗老年性阴道炎具有较好的临床疗效,可缓解临床症状,提高患者生活质量,降低患者阴道灌洗液中细胞因子水平。     

妇炎平胶囊联合奥硝唑栓治疗老年细菌性阴道炎的临床研究

目的分析妇炎平胶囊联合奥硝唑栓治疗老年细菌性阴道炎的临床效果。方法选择2017年3月—2019年2月在南阳市卧龙区妇幼保健院治疗的老年细菌性阴道炎患者157例,随机分为对照组(78例)和治疗组(79例)。对照组患者睡前阴道置入奥硝唑栓,1粒/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上睡前阴道置入妇炎平胶囊,2粒/次,1次/d。两组患者均连续用药10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者血清白细胞介素IL-8(IL-8)、IL-6和IL-2水平,以及临床症状消失时间。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为78.21%和93.67%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IL-8、IL-6和IL-2水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者阴道疼痛消失时间、白带减少时间、黏膜充血消失时间和外阴瘙痒消失时间均明显比对照组早(P0.05)。结论妇炎平胶囊联合奥硝唑栓治疗老年细菌性阴道炎,可快速改善患者阴道疼痛、外阴瘙痒等临床症状,改善机体炎症反应状况,临床疗效较好。     

产前超声心动图与解剖铸型观察胎儿完全性肺静脉异位引流

目的 采用产前超声心动图与解剖铸型观察胎儿完全性肺静脉异位引流（TAPVC）。方法 纳入9胎经产前超声心动图诊断为TAPVC的胎儿,对引产后3胎标本进行解剖、6胎标本制作胎儿心脏铸型,观察胎儿静脉回流特点及合并心内外畸形。结果 9胎TAPVC中,66.67%（6/9）为心上型,33.33%（3/9）为心下型。胎儿超声四腔心切面见左心房缩小,未见静脉与左心房相连;三血管气管切面见左心房后方赘余血管;6胎心上型TAPVC中,4胎肺静脉汇入右上腔静脉、2胎肺静脉汇入左上腔静脉;3胎心下型TAPVC肺静脉均汇入门静脉。9胎均合并心房异构综合征,8胎（8/9,88.89%）合并单心室,7胎（7/9,77.78%）合并肺动脉狭窄,合并单心房及完全型心内膜垫缺损各4胎（4/9,44.44%）;5胎（5/9,55.56%）合并永存左上腔静脉,合并双下腔静脉及左头臂静脉主动脉弓下走行各1胎（1/9,11.11%）;1胎（1/9,11.11%）合并膈疝。结论 TAPVC胎儿多合并心内外畸形及体静脉异常。产前超声具有重要诊断价值,解剖铸型有助于认识TAPVC胎儿血管走行及静脉引流途径。     

Uncemented versus cemented arthroplasty after metal-on-metal total hip replacement in patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective study

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of primary metal-on-metal total hip replacement (MoM-TR) converted to uncemented total hip replacement (UTR) or cemented total hip replacement (CTR) in patients with femoral neck fractures (AO/OTA: 31B/C).MethodsPatient data of 234 UTR or CTR revisions after primary MoM-TR failure from March 2007 to January 2018 were retrospectively identified. Clinical outcomes, including the Harris hip score (HHS) and key orthopaedic complications, were collected at 3, 6, and 12 months following conversion and every 12 months thereafter.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 84.12 (67–100) months for UTR and 84.23 (66–101) months for CTR. At the last follow-up, the HHS was better in the CTR- than UTR-treated patients. Noteworthy dissimilarities were correspondingly detected in the key orthopaedic complication rates (16.1% for CTR vs. 47.4% for UTR). Statistically significant differences in specific orthopaedic complications were also detected in the re-revision rate (10.3% for UTR vs. 2.5% for CTR), prosthesis loosening rate (16.3% for UTR vs. 5.9% for CTR), and periprosthetic fracture rate (12.0% for UTR vs. 4.2% for CTR).ConclusionIn the setting of revision of failed primary MoM-TR, CTR may demonstrate advantages over UTR in improving functional outcomes and reducing key orthopaedic complications.     

全子宫切除术患者围手术期输血研究

目的分析全子宫切除术患者围手术期影响输血的相关因素,探讨减少异体血输注的有效措施,并为建立全子宫切除术单病种临床输血评价考核指标提供依据。方法选取大连地区3家三级甲等综合医院和1家妇幼保健院接受全子宫切除术患者747例,分为输血组(69例)和未输血组(678例);收集747例全子宫切除术患者的基本信息、手术相关信息、术前血常规、术后转归情况、围手术期输血量,进行统计学分析。结果全子宫切除术患者围手术期输血比例为9.2%(69/747),人均红细胞用血量(0.4±2.1)U。输血组和未输血组在年龄、手术时间、术中失血量、术前Hb浓度、住院天数、抗生素使用种类和天数方面的差异P<0.05,均有统计学意义,数值分别为(49.7±9.1)和(53±9.5)岁、(182.7±83.5)和(119.5±64.8)min、(603±650)和(160±173)mL、(96±26)和(124±18)g/L、(9.3±4.8)和(7.3±3.9)d、(2.2±1.1)和(1.6±0.7)种、(6.0±3.9)和(4.4±2.2)d。患者围手术期输血量与术中失血量、手术时间和术前Hb浓度显著相关,相关系数分别为0.004、0.002、-0.022。结论应加强全子宫切除术的患者血液管理,通过提高术前Hb水平、减少手术时间和术中失血量来降低异体血的输注,改善患者预后。     

Dysregulation of the epigenome in triple-negative breast cancers: Basal-like and claudin-low breast cancers express aberrant DNA hypermethylation

A subset of human breast cancer cell lines exhibits aberrant DNA hypermethylation that is characterized by hyperactivity of the DNA methyltransferase enzymes, overexpression of DNMT3b, and concurrent methylation-dependent silencing of numerous epigenetic biomarker genes. The objective of this study was to determine if this aberrant DNA hypermethylation (i) is found in primary breast cancers, (ii) is associated with specific breast cancer molecular subtypes, and (iii) influences patient outcomes. Analysis of epigenetic biomarker genes (CDH1, CEACAM6, CST6, ESR1, GNA11, MUC1, MYB, SCNN1A, and TFF3) identified a gene expression signature characterized by reduced expression levels or loss of expression among a cohort of primary breast cancers. The breast cancers that express this gene expression signature are enriched for triple-negative subtypes — basal-like and claudin-low breast cancers. Methylation analysis of primary breast cancers showed extensive promoter hypermethylation of epigenetic biomarker genes among triple-negative breast cancers, compared to other breast cancer subclasses where promoter hypermethylation events were less frequent. Furthermore, triple-negative breast cancers either did not express or expressed significantly reduced levels of protein corresponding to methylation-sensitive biomarker gene products. Together, these findings suggest strongly that loss of epigenetic biomarker gene expression is frequently associated with gene promoter hypermethylation events. We propose that aberrant DNA hypermethylation is a common characteristic of triple-negative breast cancers and may represent a fundamental biological property of basal-like and claudin-low breast cancers. Kaplan–Meier analysis of relapse-free survival revealed a survival disadvantage for patients with breast cancers that exhibit aberrant DNA hypermethylation. Identification of this distinguishing trait among triple-negative breast cancers forms the basis for development of new rational therapies that target the epigenome in patients with basal-like and claudin-low breast cancers.     

分析比较急性髌骨外侧脱位与膝关节多发韧带损伤后内侧髌股韧带损伤的特点

 目的 分析比较急性髌骨外侧脱位(lateral patellar dislocation,LPD)与膝关节多发韧带损伤(multiligament knee injuries,MLKIs)后内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)损伤的特点。方法 回顾性分析急性LPD 92例和MLKIs 83例患者的MRI资料,根据患者年龄分为青少年组(年龄≤18岁)84例和成人组(年龄＞18岁)91例,对LPD和MLKIs伴发MPFL损伤程度、部位进行统计学分析。结果 青少年LPD组50例中,MPFL部分撕裂20例,完全撕裂25例,未损伤5例;青少年MLKIs组34例患者中,MPFL部分撕裂9例,完全撕裂6例,未损伤19例;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.725,P<0.05)。青少年LPD组MPFL髌骨侧损伤19例,股骨侧14例,体部2例,多部位损伤10例;青少年MLKIs组MPFL髌骨侧损伤3例,股骨侧7例,多部位损伤5例;青少年LPD组和MLKIs组间MPFL髌骨侧、股骨侧、多部位损伤发生率差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=19.753,9.644,8.193,P值均小于0.01)。成人LPD组42例中,MPFL部分撕裂17例,完全撕裂19例,未损伤6例;成人MLKIs组49例中,MPFL部分撕裂13例,完全撕裂7例,未损伤29例;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=20.771,P<0.05)。成人LPD组MPFL髌骨侧损伤11例,股骨侧15例,体部2例,多部位损伤8例;成人MLKIs组MPFL髌骨侧损伤4例,股骨侧9例,多部位损伤7例;LPD组和MLKIs组间MPFL髌骨侧、股骨侧、多部位损伤发生率差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=14.773,12.777,6.822,P均<0.01)。结论 急性LPD比MLKIs更易导致MPFL损伤,MPFL髌骨侧损伤、股骨侧损伤和多部位损伤LPD也较MLKIs更常见。     

Knee performance and self-efficacy trajectory curves after ACL reconstruction: A longitudinal study

ObjectivesTo examine knee flexion range-of-motion, quadriceps strength, and knee self-efficacy trajectory curves over 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), stratified by patients’ Month-6 sports activity level.DesignProspective longitudinal study.SettingHospital outpatient physiotherapy department.Participants595 individuals after unilateral ACLR (mean age, 27 years).Main outcome measuresAt 2-, 3-, and 6-months post-surgery, knee flexion range-of-motion, quadriceps strength, and self-efficacy were quantified. Flexion range-of-motion was additionally measured at 2- and 4-weeks post-surgery. Sports activity levels were assessed using the Tegner Activity Score at 6-months post ACLR.ResultsThe various measures improved nonlinearly over time, with substantial improvements observed in the first 2–4 months post-surgery. In multivariable generalized least squares models, greater knee flexion range-of-motion, quadriceps strength, and self-efficacy over time were significantly associated with higher Month-6 Tegner levels (all P values < 0.01). Additionally, receiving a bone-patellar-tendon-bone graft or meniscal repair was associated with lower quadriceps strength trajectories (P-values<0.001) while female sex was associated with lower knee self-efficacy trajectories (P = 0.02).ConclusionsGreater knee flexion range-of-motion, quadriceps strength, and self-efficacy were associated with higher Month-6 Tegner levels. The derived trajectory curves may be useful for effective management decision making and adequate results interpretation during the rehabilitation process.     

Assessment of the antero-posterior and rotational stability of the anterior cruciate ligament analogue in a guided motion bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty

Abnormal knee kinematics and sagittal instability after most knee replacements are due in part to deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) function. The guided motion bi-cruciate stabilized knee replacement aspires to stabilize the knee posteriorly and anteriorly by means of a cam-post mechanism. This investigation studies the ACL-stabilizing function of that mechanism in early flexion, and 25 knees that had undergone replacement with this implant were studied. Antero-posterior laxity at 15° flexion was adequately restored for 76% (16/21) of the knees (side-to-side difference <3?mm on KT assessment), and 72% (18/25) knees exhibited a positive pivot shift test. The findings of this study suggest excellent early clinical outcomes for this implant, but the goal of replicating ACL function has only been partially achieved.     

Uncertainties surrounding the choice of surgical treatment for ‘bone on bone’ medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee

A number of different surgical interventions can be used for treating antero-medial osteoarthritis (AMOA) of the knee and this choice can present challenges for patient's decision-making. Patients with AMOA can undergo Total Knee Replacement (TKR), Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR) or High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) for the same pathology. However many uncertainties still exist as to deciding which operation is best for individual patients and the Orthopaedic community has failed to systematically compare treatment options. The relative lack of scientifically based evidence has impacted on the ability to provide clear guidelines on treatment choice, patient suitability and direct patient preference for treatment. This paper, using available evidence, discusses the issue and offers some suggestions for future development.