Looking for resilience: Understanding the longitudinal trajectories of responses to stress

Taking advantage of two large, population-based, and longitudinal datasets collected after the 1999 floods in Mexico (n = 561) and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York (n = 1267), we examined the notion that resilience may be best understood and measured as one member of a set of trajectories that may follow exposure to trauma or severe stress. We hypothesized that resistance, resilience, recovery, relapsing/remitting, delayed dysfunction, and chronic dysfunction trajectories were all possible in the aftermath of major disasters. Semi-parametric group-based modeling yielded the strongest evidence for resistance (no or mild and stable symptoms), resilience (initially moderate or severe symptoms followed by a sharp decrease), recovery (initially moderate or severe symptoms followed by a gradual decrease), and chronic dysfunction (moderate or severe and stable symptoms), as these trajectories were prevalent in both samples. Neither Mexico nor New York showed a relapsing/remitting trajectory, and only New York showed a delayed dysfunction trajectory. Understanding patterns of psychological distress over time may present opportunities for interventions that aim to increase resilience, and decrease more adverse trajectories, after mass traumatic events.     

男性不育患者的心理健康状况及相关因素探讨

目的　探讨男性不育患者的精神状况及与之相关的因素。方法　对 90例男性不育患者和 93例已婚有子女的健康男性进行症状自评量表和一般情况问卷调查。结果　男性不育患者的心理刺激重 ,症状多。不育患者的精神压力与职业、文化程度、每周性生活次数密切相关。农民、文化层次较低及性生活次数多的男性不育患者精神负担重 ,主要表现为人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑或偏执等症状。结论　建议在对不育男性尤其是农民不育患者进行不育治疗的同时给予心理健康服务和生育知识指导 ,以缓解患者的精神压力。     

Psychological Disturbance and its Associations in the Children of the Gujarati Community

The infrequent referral of Asian children to child psychiatry clinics was noted. By administering Rutter's scale A2 to samples of Gujarati and English parents with children between the ages of 4 and 7 years a lower rate of disturbance was demonstrated among the Asian sample providing an explanation for the original observation. Family and child-rearing factors associated with disturbance were identified.     

A preventive intervention for enhancing resilience among highly stressed urban children

Describes the development and evaluation of a pilot 12-session, school-based preventive intervention designed to enhance resilience among inner-city children who have experienced major life stress. Thirty-six 4th–6th grade children participated in the intervention in groups of 5–8 co-led by school personnel. The curriculum focussed on understanding feelings in oneself and others, perspective-taking, social problem-solving, dealing with solvable and unsolvable problems, and building self-efficacy and esteem. Pre-post evaluation showed significant improvement among participants on teacher-rated indices of learning problems and task orientation and on child ratings of perceived self-efficacy, realistic control attributions and anxiety. Program limitations and factors that restrict generalization are considered and new directions for program development and research are proposed.     

苯丙胺诱发小鼠激怒反应及其机制

苯丙胺15mg/kg ip能诱发小鼠激怒反应,使小鼠出现攻击和殴斗行为。强安定药、弱安定药和利血平有明显拮抗效果。镇静剂如巴比妥类、抗胆碱药及抗肾上腺素药均无拮抗作用。金刚胺、左旋多巴和阿扑吗啡均能增强苯丙胺的激怒效应。因苯丙胺激怒小鼠的方法简便易行,可作为筛选抗精神病药的动物模型。苯丙胺产生激怒作用的机制与增强多巴胺能神经的功能有关,推测可能是促进边缘系统多巴胺释放的结果。     

心理训练对高特质焦虑新兵生理指标和考核成绩的影响

目的研究心理训练对高特质焦虑新兵考核时生理指标和成绩的影响。方法采用个人评价问卷（PEI）、状态．特质焦虑问卷（STAI）和简易应对方式问卷对参加考核的新兵实施团体测试。将被试者分为对照组、低特质焦虑组、高特质焦虑组和干预组，对干预组进行自我评价、潜能开发、团队精神强化、应对方式的心理训练。测试考核前后生理指标差值及考核成绩的变化。结果干预组新兵军事考核前后收缩压、舒张压和脉搏三项生理差值与考核成绩明显优于高特质焦虑组（P〈0．05）。结论系统的心理训练可有效改善新兵对应激情景的生理和心理反应，提高作业绩效。     

“E（疫）”时代背景下大学生心理危机干预体系构建的思考

本文探讨信息时代背景下,在校大学生高发心理危机的原因,并倡导高校教学管理人员充分利用当下信息技术成果对在校大学生进行心理评估和常态化心理教育,并依托当前高校信息化建设平台收集相关信息,构建易感大学生的心理危机预警及干预机制,以期将端口前移,更好地保障在校大学生的心理健康。     

模拟教学联合心理暗示在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住培模拟教学中的应用

目的 分析模拟教学联合心理暗示在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住培模拟教学中的应用价值。方法 选取于清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科进行住培的36例住培医师,按不同教学模式将其分为研究组（n=20,模拟教学联合心理暗示）与对照组（n=16,传统教学）。比较两组住培医师考核成绩、综合能力、教学效果及教学满意度。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果 带教后,两组住培医师理论考试、技能考核成绩、学习兴趣、自学能力、沟通能力及临床诊疗水平评分均较带教前上升,且研究组上升程度明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组兴趣程度、难易程度、可参与性、掌握程度评分均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组住培医师教学总满意度为95.00%,明显高于对照组的68.75%（P<0.05）。结论 模拟教学联合心理暗示在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住培教学中可提高学员理论知识、技能操作水平、综合能力及教学水平,且学员对该教学方法满意度高。     

父母文化程度与高师学生心理健康问题研究

目的 了解高师学生心理健康现状和父母文化程度对高师学生心理健康水平的影响。方法 对河南省部分高师学生进行问卷调查。结果 河南省大部分高师学生心理健康状况是好的和比较好的；15.13%的高师学生心理健康状况不良，教师、咨询人员和家长应高度重视，密切配合，正确地对他们进行引导和教育。结论 父母文化程度不同对高师学生心理健康水平的影响有差异。但差异不显著。     

综合医院青少年门诊心理咨询特点

目的 了解综合医院青少年咨客心理咨询的特点,为其心理健康教育提供依据.方法 选取2003年5月～2004年11月门诊心理咨询163人的资料进行分析.结果 该年龄段中主动求询意识占据明显优势有140人(85.9%);医学问题以神经症77人(47.2%),精神分裂11人(6.7%)列前2位;非医学问题则是厌学13人(8.0%),人际交往障碍10人(6.1%)为主要求询问题;性别与求询问题间亦有一定相关性.结论 综合医院青少年心理咨询以医学问题为主,非医学问题并存,应注意社会支持系统的完善.