Change in Tinnitus after Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma: Microsurgery vs. Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Purpose

Tinnitus is a very common symptom of vestibular schwannoma, present in 45 to 80% of patients. We evaluated changes in tinnitus after translabyrinthine microsurgery (TLM) or gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).

Materials and Methods

Among 78 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent TLM or GKS at Severance Hospital from 2009-2012, 46 patients with pre- or postoperative tinnitus who agreed to participate were enrolled. Pure tone audiometry, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for loudness, awareness, and annoyance were measured before and after treatment. Changes of THI and VAS were analysed and compared according to treatment modality, tumour volume, and preoperative residual hearing.

Results

In the TLM group (n=27), vestibulocochlear nerves were definitely cut. There was a higher rate of tinnitus improvement in TLM group (52%) than GKS group (16%, p=0.016). The GKS group had a significantly higher rate of tinnitus worsening (74%) than TLM group (11%, p<0.001). Mean scores of THI and VAS scores significantly decreased in the TLM group in contrast to significant increases in the GKS group. Tumor volume and preoperative hearing did not affect the changes in THI or VAS.

Conclusion

GKS can save vestibulocochlear nerve continuity but may damage the cochlea, cochlear nerve and can cause worsening tinnitus. In cases where hearing preservation is not intended, microsurgery with vestibulocochlear neurectomy during tumor removal can sometimes relieve or prevent tinnitus.     

1178例筛查高风险孕妇的产前诊断

目的评价羊水细胞染色体分析对诊断胎儿染色体异常的临床应用价值。方法对23 288例孕14~21w的孕妇采用时间分辨免疫荧光法（DELFLA）进行血清AFP、Free-βHCG和uE3浓度的检测,结合孕周、体重、年龄等因素,通过风险评估软件进行风险评估。将筛查结果与B超、羊水染色体分析、新生儿检查结果对照。结果 23288例孕妇中筛查出唐氏综合征高危妊娠1178例,筛查阳性率为5.06%（1178/23 288）,经羊水染色体核型分析确诊6例唐氏综合征患儿;18-三体高风险者95例,筛查阳性率为0.41%（95/23 288）,经羊水染色体分析确诊2例;神经管缺陷高危者130例,筛查阳性率为0.56%（130/23 288）,其中确诊为神经管缺陷胎儿30例。结论产前筛查和产前诊断可减少缺陷儿的出生,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益,是落实优生优育政策非常有效的技术手段。     

方剑乔教授虚实辨证治疗耳鸣耳聋经验采撷

[目的]总结方剑乔教授治疗耳鸣耳聋的临床经验,提炼其学术思想。[方法]通过临床跟师学习,收集病案,认真研习方师对耳鸣耳聋的诊疗思路与辨证施治要点,归纳整理方师针灸取穴与临证用药经验,从病因病机和治法治则两个方面总结分析方师论治本病的学术思想,并列举验案予以佐证。[结果]方师提出,耳鸣耳聋的诊治应重视虚实辨证,首辨虚实之病机,后辨病因,实证多责之于风火之邪上扰,虚症多责之于气虚或阴精亏损,主要是肾阴肾精的亏损。治疗上辨证与辨经相结合,采用针药相辅的治疗手段,补虚泻实,标本兼顾。针灸治疗方面以患侧的耳前三穴(耳门、听宫、听会)作为治疗耳聋耳鸣的基本穴,结合虚实辨证选择电针频率,虚证用疏波,实证用密波。中药治疗多以耳聋左慈丸加减,以奏三阴并补、利湿泄浊之效,对肝肾亏虚型患者尤为效佳。所举验案中患者为耳鸣耳聋(肾精亏虚证),治拟补肾益精、滋阴养窍,经针灸耳前三穴并随证加减,并结合左慈丸口服后,患者听力及耳鸣情况较前明显改善。[结论]方师治疗耳鸣耳聋,注重辨证与辨经相结合,采用针药相辅的治疗手段,补虚泻实,标本兼顾,临床疗效显著,能明显缓解患者耳鸣症状,提高听力水平。     

基于经筋理论刃针治疗颈源性耳鸣临床疗效的随机对照研究

背景　颈源性耳鸣处于耳鼻喉科和康复科交界区域,临床上易被忽视,或常被误诊为神经性耳鸣。制定行而有效的颈源性耳鸣治疗方法具有重要现实意义。针灸是常用的治疗方法,但临床上关于刃针治疗颈源性耳鸣的研究较少。目的　探讨经筋理论下刃针治疗颈源性耳鸣的临床疗效。方法　选取2017年7月-2018年7月广州中医药大学顺德医院收治的60例颈源性耳鸣患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各30例。对照组予普通针刺治疗,观察组给予刃针治疗,两组均治疗15 d。观察治疗前后两组患者的临床疗效、Northwick Park颈痛量表（NPQ）评分、耳鸣致残量表（THI）评分及耳鸣严重程度评估量表（TSIS）评分。结果　治疗后,对照组痊愈4例、显效7例、有效13例、无效6例,观察组痊愈7例、显效12例、有效9例、无效2例,观察组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.084,P=0.037）。治疗前,两组患者的NPQ评分、THI评分及TSIS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,观察组NPQ评分、THI评分及TSIS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　基于经筋理论的刃针疗法能缓解颈源性耳鸣患者的颈痛症状和耳鸣程度,疗效优于普通针刺疗法。     

银杏叶提取物注射液联合桂哌齐特治疗突发性耳聋的临床研究

目的探讨银杏叶提取物注射液联合桂哌齐特治疗突发性耳聋患者的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月—2018年9月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的突发性耳聋患者130例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各65例。对照组静脉滴注马来酸桂哌齐特注射液,80 mg加入生理盐水250 mL,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注银杏叶提取物注射液,105 mg加入生理盐水250 mL,1次/d。两组均治疗2周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者伴随症状和不同频率听阈改善情况以及血液流变学、免疫功能和血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组总有效率为86.15%,显著低于治疗组的95.38%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组眩晕、耳鸣、耳闷等伴随症状改善率均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组各频率平均听力阈值改善幅度明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组全血高切黏度(WBHSV)、中切黏度(WBMSV)、低切黏度(WBLSV)、血浆比黏度、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平均明显下降(P0.05),且治疗组上述血液流变学指标明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平明显升高(P0.05),CD8~+明显降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组免疫功能明显好于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平明显下降(P0.05),基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平明显上升(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组IL-8、TNF-α和MMP-9水平明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物注射液联合桂哌齐特可显著改善患者听力状况和伴随症状,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Neural correlates of tinnitus duration and Distress: A positron emission tomography study

Cerebral ¹⁸F‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) has shown altered auditory pathway activity in tinnitus. However, the corresponding studies involved only small samples and analyses were restricted to the auditory cortex in most studies. Evidence is growing that also limbic, frontal, and parietal areas are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic tinnitus. These regions are considered to mediate perceptual, attentional, and emotional processes. Thus, the aim of the present study was the systematic evaluation of metabolic brain activity in a large sample of tinnitus patients. Ninety one patients with chronic tinnitus underwent FDG‐PET. The effects of tinnitus severity (assessed by a tinnitus questionnaire score), duration and laterality were evaluated with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) in whole brain analyses. In addition, region of interest analyses were performed for primary auditory areas. Tinnitus duration correlated positively with brain metabolism in right inferior frontal, right ventro‐medial prefrontal, and right posterior cingulate cortex. Tinnitus distress correlated positively with activation of left and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus as well as left and right posterior parahippocampal–hippocampal interface. Region of interest analysis demonstrated an overactivation of left in contrast to right Heschl's gyrus independently from tinnitus laterality and anatomical hemispheric differences. Tinnitus duration and distress were associated with areas involved in attentional and emotional processing. This is in line with recent findings indicating the relevance of higher order areas in the pathophysiology of tinnitus. Earlier results of asymmetric activation of the auditory cortices in tinnitus were confirmed, i.e., left‐sided overactivation was found independently from tinnitus laterality. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Opposite effects of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in oxazolone colitis

Background

Extrinsic sensory neurons play a crucial role in aberrant immune responses in colitis. The activation of peptidergic sensory nerve fibres is accompanied by a release of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). SP levels increase whilst CGRP levels decrease in colon specimens from patients with inflammatory bowel disease; thus suggesting the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, respectively, of these neuropeptides.

Methods

Oxazolone (4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one) colitis was induced in wild-type (WT), SP and CGRP knockout (^−/−) mice. CGRP^−/− mice were treated with the neurokinin 1-receptor antagonist CP-96345 (CP). The permeability of the mouse colon was evaluated by Evans Blue uptake. Cytokines produced by colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells were measured by ELISA.

Results

Colons of WT, CGRP^−/− and SP^−/− mice showed similar tissue architecture and permeability. SP^−/− mice were protected against oxazolone colitis, whereas CGRP^−/− showed increased susceptibility to colitis compared to WT mice. SP^−/− and CP-treated CGRP^−/− mice showed no significant body weight loss during the period of sickness in contrast to untreated CGRP^−/− and WT mice. Decreased production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells of the protected SP^−/− mice confirms the crucial role of these cytokines in oxazolone colitis.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that the neuropeptides CGRP and SP exert opposing effects in oxazolone colitis and provide further evidence for a prominent neuroimmune association in the gut.     

神经内科重症监护病房内医院获得性肺炎的危险因素:回顾性病例系列研究

目的 探讨神经内科重症监护病房(neurological intensive care unit,NICU)内医院获得性肺炎(hospital-acquired pneumonia,HAP)的危险因素.方法 纳入2010年5月至2011年4月期间入住南方医院NICU≥48 h且年龄≥18岁的患者,回顾性调查其一般资料、入住NICU 24 h内最差格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分以及急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation,APACHE)Ⅱ、是否发生HAP、在研究时间范围内是否存在某些基础疾病或症状、使用特定药物治疗或侵袭性操作等可能的危险因素,同时记录连续性医疗干预措施的持续时间,并对连续型变量进行量化分层.结果 共纳入243例患者,其中HAP 50例(20.6％).单变量分析显示,HAP组昏迷(44.0％对29.0％;x2=4.091,P=0.043)和APACHEⅡ评分≥15分(60.0％对38.9％x2=7.232,P=0.007)的比例显著高于非HAP组,两组间使用抗酸药(＜6 d:38.0％对19.7％;≥6 d:18.0％对25.9％;x2=7.521,P=0.023)、使用镇静药(＜2 d:30.0％对37.3％;≥2 d:46.0％对28.0％;x2=6.064,P=0.048)、使用血液制品(＜3 d:24.0％对9.8％;≥3 d:6.0％对7.3％;x2 =7.150,P=0.028)、气管插管(＜5 d:24.0％对10.9％;≥5 d:26.0％对15.5％;X2=10.698,P=0.005)、机械通气(＜4 d:6.0％对7.8％;≥4 d:30.0％对7.8％,x2=18.132,P=0.000)和留置鼻胃管(＜7 d:56.0％对37.3％;≥7 d:42.0％对44.6％;X2=10.410,P=0.005)存在显著性差异.多变量logistic回归分析显示,机械通气≥4 d[优势比(odds ratio,OR)6.481,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.522 ～ 16.654;P=0.000]、留置鼻胃管＜7 d(OR 12.504,95％ CI 1.614 ～ 96.869;P=0.016)和使用抗酸药＜6 d(OR 2.271,95％ CI 1.042 ～4.949;P=0.039)为NICU患者发生HAP的独立危险因素.结论 机械通气、留置鼻胃管和使用抗酸药为NICU患者发生HAP的独立危险因素,需采取有针对性的措施.     

硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖与中枢神经系统可塑性

硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan,CSPG)是在发育和成熟的中枢神经系统(central nervous syste,CNS)中广泛表达的一组细胞外基质分子,在胚胎CNS发育和成年期CNS可塑性中发挥着重要作用.CSPG作为一种主要的细胞外抑制性成分,可影响CNS损伤后轴突再生和神经功能恢复.     

653例手足口病并神经系统损害患者的早期临床表现及脑脊液分析

目的分析手足口病并神经系统损害的早期临床表现及脑脊液特点,为手足口病并神经系统损害的早期诊断提供依据。方法回顾性分析本院2232例手足口病中合并神经系统损害653例的年龄分布、早期临床表现、病原体及脑脊液改变特点。结果653例多发于6个月～3岁,病原体以肠道病毒71型为主,早期表现多有持续发热、易惊、肢体抖动、嗜睡、易激惹、呕吐、头痛或头晕、肢体无力、抽搐等表现,脑脊液有程度不同的氯化物降低、白细胞或蛋白增高。结论手足口病合并神经系统损害常在早期就存在不同的非特异性临床表现和脑脊液改变,应引起重视,及时予以诊断和治疗。