高功率微波辐射对大鼠海马的损伤效应

目的　研究高功率微波 (highpowermicrowave ,HPM)辐射对大鼠海马形态与功能的影响。方法　采用HPM辐射 5 0只Wistar二级雄性大鼠 ,于辐射后 6h及 1、3、7d通过Y迷宫检测学习和记忆能力的变化 ,并取海马组织 ,经HE染色、尼氏体染色、原位末端标记和免疫组化等技术 ,研究海马组织形态变化、细胞凋亡以及神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (neuron specificenolase ,NSE)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (glialfibrillaryacidicprotein ,GFAP)表达的变化。结果　HPM辐射后 ,大鼠的学习和记忆能力与对照组比均明显降低 ;海马组织水肿、疏松 ,血管扩张 ,神经元变性、坏死 ,尼氏体减少或消失。损伤以CA4区和齿状回较重 ,且存在剂量 -效应关系。病变在 7d内呈进行性加重趋势。凋亡细胞明显增加。神经元NSE表达增强 ,组织间隙和血管腔内也可见到NSE的表达。星形胶质细胞中GFAP表达增强 ,呈粗纤维状 ,与对照组比明显变短、变粗。结论　HPM可影响实验大鼠学习和记忆能力 ;引起海马组织形态结构改变 ,以神经元变性、凋亡和坏死 ,尼氏体减少及间质水肿为主 ;NSE和GFAP参与了其病理过程。     

微波配合阿昔洛韦治疗女性生殖器疱疹的临床疗效

目的:探讨了微波配合阿昔洛韦治疗女性生殖器疱疹的疗效和安全性。方法:选择2010年3月～2011年3月女性生殖器疱疹患者36例,按照分层分组法随机分为两组,对照组和治疗组,对照组采用阿昔洛韦进行治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上采用微波进行治疗。对两组治疗效果进行评定。结果:对照组和治疗组有效率分别为90.5%和60.0%,治疗组有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组复发次数明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未出现不良反应。结论:微波配合阿昔洛韦治疗女性生殖器疱疹疗效显著,安全性较高,值得临床推广使用。     

注射用血栓通中三七元素迁移的规律

目的:分析注射用血栓通中三七从原料到成品全过程的元素迁移规律,以便更好地控制成品中元素杂质。方法:采用ICP-MS法全面分析三七药材、三七总皂苷(中间体)和注射用血栓通中21种元素的含量。结果:21种元素的标准曲线相关系数r均在0. 999以上,回收率在92. 71%～107. 07%之间,RSD均在5%以内。三七药材中铝、铁含量较高,铅、砷、汞、镉、铜符合中华人民共和国药典的相关规定,三七总皂苷(中间体)和注射用血栓通中多数元素均未检出或含量极低。结论:注射用血栓通的提取工艺可有效去除三七中大部分元素,重金属及有害元素也降到较低水平。     

Microwave transurethral applicator with helix-loaded-dipole-antenna (HLDA) for prostate treatment

Three designs of transurethral applicators have been analysed to find the one that is best able to selectively heat the desired volume of prostate. A helix-loaded-dipole-antenna (HLDA) inserted into a Foley type catheter was found to be the most promising design. A change in the heat deposition pattern of the antenna depending on prostate size is possible by moving the position of the antenna within a Foley catheter. A number of prototypes of HLDA were manufactured and tested to optimize their design. These tests were performed in solid and liquid phantoms and in laboratory animals. Intra-operative measurements of intra-prostatic temperature distribution were also performed. A comparison of the HLDA with other commercially available transurethral applicators and the published data showed that the present design has a higher linear homogeneity coefficient and a better heat deposition in the prostate.     

Green microwave-assisted procedure to generate bio-based pectin materials

New eco-friendly materials have been developed via esterification of several natural fatty acids by pectin alcoholic functions. The quaternization of the obtained pectin-fatty acid conjugates was performed as subsequent synthetic step. By using microwave heating and solvent-free conditions, the conjugation procedure of fatty acid chains and quaternary ammonium groups to the natural polysaccharide was clean, fast and efficient. In other words, it can be considered a low environmental impact process.     

Microwave accelerated green approach for tailored 1,2,3–triazoles via CuAAC

The persistent deterioration of our environmental assets has initiated ‘a push’ among the scientific community for increased reliance on eco-friendly methodologies minimizing the utilization of hazardous materials. As an outcome, there is a paradigm shift in the synthetic modules of organic reactions from conventional techniques to the parameters of green principles. Therefore, the demand for microwave (μw) tailored reactions has witnessed substantial and exponential growth in the last two decades. In accordance, the employment of green methodology in Cu(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) for the synthesis of 1,2,3–triazole derivatives have reared fruitful results with the reduction of synthetic time, superior yields without benign solvents. The use of the microwave technique has been amplified with its implementation of a range of green methodologies by contributing to solvent-less, catalyst-free, use of ionic liquids and aqueous medium. This review puts forward the microwave synthesis of 1,2,3–triazoles through Cu(I) mediated click chemistry.     

微波联合宫颈炎康栓治愈重度宫颈糜烂206例临床观察和体会

目的观察微波治疗重度宫颈糜烂的全过程，了解术后阴道出血的原因及采用中成药宫颈炎康栓在微波治疗术后对未愈面行局部用药的效果。方法对206例重度宫颈糜烂患者先行微波治疗，2个月后复查，对未痊愈的分别根据患者意愿选择行微波再次手术，或使用宫颈炎康栓局部用药治疗。结果微波治疗206例重度宫颈糜烂患者，一次性治愈率达50．5％，好转率为49．5％，有效率为100％，但术后出现阴道出血率达85％，采用宫颈炎康栓局部用药患者52例，3个疗程治愈率为92．3％，有效率达100％。结论微波是根治重度宫颈糜烂的有效方法，对一次性未治愈的，可选择再次行微波治疗或选用有效中成药，如宫颈炎康栓，局部用药治疗。     

Dosimetry and techniques for simultaneous hyperthermia and external beam radiation therapy

An increased biological effect is realized when hyperthermia and radiation therapy are combined simultaneously. To take advantage of this effect, techniques have been developed that combine existing hyperthermia devices with a linear accelerator. This allows concomitant delivery of either ultrasound or microwave hyperthermia with photon radiation therapy. Two techniques have been used clinically: the orthogonal technique, in which the microwave or ultrasound beam and the radiation beam are orthogonal to one another, and the en face technique, in which the ultrasound or microwave beam and the radiation beam travel into the tumour through the same treatment window. The en face technique has necessitated the development of special attachments so that the hyperthermia device can be mounted to the linear accelerator and so that non-uniform portions of the hyperthermia device can be removed from the radiation beam. For microwave therapy, applicators are mounted onto the linear accelerator using the compensating filter tray holder. For ultrasound, special reflector devices are mounted to a frame that is mounted onto the compensating filter tray holder of the linear accelerator. Because the linear accelerator is an isocentric device, the height of the radiation source is fixed, and this has necessitated specially designed devices so that the ultrasound support system is compatible with the linear accelerator. The treatment setups for both the en face technique and the orthogonal technique require the interaction of both hyperthermia and radiation therapy personnel and equipment. The dosimetry and day-to-day operations for each technique are unique. The simulation for the en face technique is much different from the simulation of a normal radiation treatment and requires the presence of a hyperthermia physicist. Also, for the en face technique, the attenuation of the microwave applicator and the thickness and attenuation of the ultrasound reflector system are taken into account for radiation dosimetry. This paper presents details of the dosimetry and logistics of the techniques for simultaneous thermoradiotherapy based on 7 years of experience treating more than 50 patients.     

超声评价微泡诱导超声空化联合血凝酶增强兔VX2肝癌微波热消融作用

目的 采用二维灰阶超声、CDFI和CEUS评价微泡诱导超声空化联合血凝酶对兔VX2肝癌微波热消融的增强作用。方法 将32只VX2肝癌荷瘤新西兰大白兔随机分为生理盐水组（空化假辐照+生理盐水）、血凝酶组（空化假辐照+生理盐水+血凝酶）、空化组（超声空化+微泡）和联合组（超声空化+微泡+血凝酶）4组,每组8只,分别给予相应空化治疗后行微波热消融治疗,并在治疗前后分别行二维灰阶超声、CDFI和CEUS检查,观察治疗前后超声表现,测量并比较肿瘤和消融区体积。结果 治疗前4组间肿瘤体积差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,治疗后4组间消融区体积总体差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;两两比较,联合组消融区体积大于其他3组（P均<0.05）,空化组消融区体积大于生理盐水组和血凝酶组（P均<0.05）,生理盐水组与血凝酶组体积差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗前肿瘤均可见丰富血流信号;消融后联合组肿瘤实质内CEUS均未显示增强,生理盐水组、血凝酶组和空化组部分肿瘤实质消融区边缘可见少量残余活性组织,呈典型"快进快出"表现,与CDFI显示的点状血流信号相对应。结论 微泡诱导超声空化联合血凝酶可增强兔VX2肝癌微波热消融效果。     

康妇消炎栓及微波配合抗菌素治疗慢性盆腔炎临床疗效分析

目的：探讨康妇消炎栓、微波、抗菌素相结合治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床效果及应用价值。方法选择该院收治的慢性盆腔炎患者120例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,两组均使用抗菌素治疗,观察组加用康妇消炎栓和微波进行治疗,观察两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率为95%,对照组总有效率为86.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用康妇消炎栓和微波理疗协同抗菌素治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效肯定,值得推广。