Exploring the motives of Israeli Jews who were living kidney donors to strangers

Non-directed living donors are individuals who donate a kidney to a recipient with whom they have neither a genetic nor emotional relationship. Israel legalized this type of donation in 2008. After this law was implemented, living donations significantly expanded. The aim of this article was to determine the motivations, characteristics, and perioperative experiences of non-directed living donors in Israel. Three online questionnaires (own questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Rushton Self-Report Altruism Scale) were distributed to 180 Jewish kidney donors with the help of Matnat Chaim organization. One hundred and fifteen responses were received (69.3% response rate). The motivation for most donors (60%) was a strong willingness to help and a desire to do good. The majority of donors (78.3%) reported their health status as unchanged after donation; however, 16.5% experienced clinical problems (eg, wound infection, more pain than expected), and 5.2% experienced psychological complications. About 18% reported their health to improve after donation. Most (80%) inspired someone else to also become a kidney donor. This study breaks the myth that Jews do not support organ donation. In fact, their high level of altruism and their positive experience with donation has propelled the practice of non-directed donation in Israel.     

小儿脑性瘫痪智能评定探讨

220例脑瘫患儿康复治疗前后采用智能评定,发现因后天环境因素、患儿言语障碍或智测方法的局限性等而造成评定中的问题和患儿智能发育中的再障碍。提示儿童康复工作者在评定智能障碍和康复治疗中应充分发挥患儿的智能水平,防止造成患儿第2次心理精神障碍,使脑瘫患儿全面康复达到最佳效果。     

综合痉挛量表的信度研究

目的 :测试综合痉挛量表在国内使用的可行性及重复测试信度。方法 :测试 17例脑损伤患者 ,年龄 2 2— 75岁 (5 0 .1± 17.0岁 ) ;发病 2— 37周 (16 .9± 10 .8周 ) ;其中男 11例 ,女 6例 ;颅脑外伤 4例 ,脑卒中 13例 (脑梗塞 6例 ,脑出血 7例 )。由同一位医生在 1周内 2次评定患侧下肢的痉挛 ,内容包括跟腱反射、小腿三头肌的肌张力及踝阵挛。对量表的重复测试信度作等级间相关系数 (ICC)分析。结果 :本组脑损伤患者综合痉挛量表得分的单次测试最低为 8.9± 2 .8分 ,最高为 9.6± 3.2分 ,总体测试为 9.2± 0 .3分 ,属于轻度痉挛。同一天重复测试的ICC分别为 0 .96— 0 .99(第 1天 ) ,0 .95— 0 .99(第 2天 ) ,2次总体ICC为 0 .94— 0 .99。结论 :综合痉挛量表内容简单 ,评定标准清楚 ,重复测试信度良好 ,适用于国内脑损伤患者下肢痉挛的评定     

妊娠风险预警评估模式在孕产妇管理中的应用效果

目的分析妊娠风险预警评估模式在孕产妇管理中的应用效果。方法选取2017年8月至2018年6月在启东市人民医院产检并分娩的1867例孕产妇为研究对象,根据不同的危险评估方法分为预警评估组和高危评估组。预警评估组对孕产妇采用妊娠风险预警评估方法进行妊娠和分娩危险程度的评定;高危评估组对孕产妇采用高危产妇风险评估方法进行妊娠和分娩危险程度的评定。比较预警评估组和高危评估组孕产妇的分娩方式、分娩结局、新生儿结局以及产妇满意度。结果预警评估组剖宫产率显著低于高危评估组(P<0.05)。预警评估组产后2 h出血量、第一产程时间、第二产程时间和总产程时间均低于高危评估组(P<0.05),第三产程时间两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在新生儿体重和5 min Apgar评分方面两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但预警评估组新生儿1 min Apgar评分高于高危评估组,胎儿窘迫和新生儿窒息率低于高危评估组,产妇满意度高于高危评估组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妊娠风险预警评估模式能够有效指导孕产妇分娩、降低剖宫产率、缩短产程、改善产妇和新生儿结局并提高产妇满意度。     

Reframing the evaluation of qualitative health research: reflections on a review of appraisal guidelines in the health sciences

In this article, we explore the form of evaluation put forward by guidelines used in the health sciences for appraising qualitative research and we begin to articulate an alternative posture. Most guidelines are derivative of the modes of assessment developed by clinical epidemiologists as part of the promotion of evidence-based medicine (EBM). They are predominantly proceduralist in orientation, equating quality with the proper execution of research techniques. We argue that this form of judgment assumes a fixed relationship between research practice and knowledge generated, and tends to over-simplify and standardize the complex and non-formulaic nature of qualitative inquiry. A concern with methods as objects of judgment in and of themselves restricts the reader's field of vision to the research process and diverts attention away from the analytic content of the research. We propose an alternative 'substantive' perspective that focuses on the analysis put forward, and regards methods as resources for engaging with and understanding the substantive findings and topic of inquiry. An important challenge is to find a way to embody such a form of judgment in practical assessment tools.     

钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂的药理学与临床评价

目的：探讨钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2（SGLT-2）抑制剂的药理学作用与临床应用。方法：采用文献分析方法,对国内外SGLT-2抑制剂相关文献进行检索,评价SGLT-2抑制剂的临床疗效与安全性。结果与结论：SGLT-2抑制剂为一类新型抗糖尿病药,临床上用于饮食和运动控制治疗后效果不佳的2型糖尿病者。SGLT-2抑制剂的作用机制与口服降糖药截然不同,其非在于促进胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素,作用不依赖胰岛素,可延缓糖尿病的进程,发生低血糖的风险小,具有良好的应用前景,但其安全性、经济性、临床获益有待更长期的临床研究来证明。     

C 反应蛋白快速定量检测试剂盒性能评价

目的：评价以胶乳免疫比浊法原理研制的C反应蛋白快速定量检测试剂盒的方法学性能。方法测定试剂盒的检测限、精密度、线性范围、回收率、贮存稳定性,将检测200份样本的结果与国外试剂盒比较。结果检测限为0．72 mg/L,精密度：高、低浓度水平的样本批内变异系数分别为3．09％、6．75％,批间变异系数分别为6．47％、6．84％;线性范围为1～215 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.99;平均回收率为112．5％,系统误差＜1/2TEa。贮存有效期：18个月。200份不同浓度样本测定结果与进口试剂盒比较差异无统计学意义。结论研制的C反应蛋白快速定量检测试剂盒符合临床检测要求。     

国内高等院校大学生学业评价研究综述

通过查阅近两年国内高等院校大学生学业评价的研究成果,从学业评价体系、课程评价研究、评价方法研究、评价模式研究等方面进行总结,明确大学生学业评价的意义和目标,针对医药类高校的学业评价提出设想。     

中药鉴定学和药用植物学课程评价机制探讨

根据中药鉴定学、药用植物学学科的特点,结合社会对中药鉴定人才素质的要求,以突出实践能力、培养高素质人才为目标,进行中药鉴定学、药用植物学课程实践评估机制改革研究是很有必要的。     

干预前后氨曲南的临床应用及安全性评价

目的 通过分析干预前后氨曲南的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 采用回顾性调查方法,对2012年和2013年第2季度笔者所在医院氨曲南的使用情况和不良反应进行分析。结果 干预前有无适应证选药、用法用量错误及联合用药不合理等现象,干预后氨曲南使用基本合理,不良反应发生率为0.67%。结论 氨曲南临床应用干预效果明显,干预后氨曲南应用不合理情况明显降低。