硬膜外阻滞复合气管内全麻在婴幼儿腹部手术的应用

目的：探讨婴幼儿腹部大,中等手术的理想麻醉方法。方法：我院近年来婴幼儿腹部大,中等手术82例,按不同的麻醉方法,分为三组：A组39例,连续硬膜外阻滞＋气管内全麻;B组28例,连续硬膜外阻滞＋基础及辅助用药;C组15例,气管内全麻。分析,比较各组患者的心率（HR）,氧饱和度（SpO2)的变化,麻醉药用量以及患儿苏醒时间,结果：与B,C组相比,A组麻醉效果满意,HR平稳,术后苏醒快,并且SpO2始终达98％以上。结论：连续硬膜外阻滞复合气管内全麻是婴幼儿腹部大,中等手术的安全,有效麻醉方法。     

胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗与全身静脉化疗的临床疗效比较

目的　评价胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗药物的临床疗效。方法　对 40例经病理确诊的胃癌患者 (治疗组 )于术中经供应肿瘤的区域动脉行插管化疗 ,同时进行手术治疗 ,并与同期术中行全身静脉化疗的 2 4例胃癌患者 (对照组 )进行临床疗效比较。结果　术后病理检查显示 ,治疗组原发灶中的癌细胞均有不同程度地变性坏死 ,其近期有效率为 95 % ,对照组有效率为 41.6 7% ,两组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌患者术中经动脉灌注化疗 ,其近期抗癌效果好 ,毒副反应轻 ,对减少或防止术中癌细胞的医源性扩散与种植以及术后复发 ,均有重要的临床意义     

Incomplete Administration of Intravenous Vancomycin Prophylaxis is Common and Associated With Increased Infectious Complications After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundVancomycin is often used as antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. Vancomycin requires longer infusion times to avoid associated side effects. We hypothesized that vancomycin infusion is often started too late and that delayed infusion may predispose patients to increased rates of surgical site infections and prosthetic joint infections.MethodsWe reviewed clinical data for all primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients at our institution between 2013 and 2020 who received intravenous vancomycin as primary perioperative gram-positive antibiotic prophylaxis. We calculated duration of infusion before incision or tourniquet inflation, with a cutoff of 30 minutes defining adequate administration. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) appropriate administration and 2) incomplete administration. Surgical factors and quality outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsWe reviewed 1047 primary THA and TKA patients (524 THAs and 523 TKAs). The indication for intravenous vancomycin usage was allergy (61%), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization (17%), both allergy and colonization (14%), and other (8%). 50.4% of patients began infusion >30 minutes preoperatively (group A), and 49.6% began infusion <30 minutes preoperatively (group B). Group B had significantly higher rates of readmissions for infectious causes (3.6 vs 1.3%, P = .017). This included a statistically significant increase in confirmed prosthetic joint infections (2.2% vs 0.6%, P = .023). Regression analysis confirmed <30 minutes of vancomycin infusion as an independent risk factor for PJI when controlling for comorbidities (OR 5.22, P = .012).ConclusionLate infusion of vancomycin is common and associated with increased rates of infectious causes for readmission and PJI. Preoperative protocols should be created to ensure appropriate vancomycin administration when indicated.     

温热清对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

本文对温热清冲剂(柴胡、黄芩、生石膏、重楼、公英、连翘、厚朴、甘草)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响进行实验观察,结果表明:温热清对巨噬细胞的各噬功能有显著的促进作用,与对照组相比较,有显著差别(P<0.01)。由此说明中药祛邪亦可实现扶正。     

Plasma histamine levels during induction of anesthesia with propofol in dogs

We examined a property of emulsion formation of propofol (ICI 35868) to release histamine into circulating plasma in dogs. Plasma histamine was measured with radioimmunoassay before (baseline), and 1, 5 and 10min after the administration of 15mg·kg^–1 propofol. There were no significant differences between the plasma histamine levels at 1, 5 and 10min after the administration of propofol and the baseline level. We conclude that the emulsion formation of propofol of 15mg·kg^–1 does not release histamine during induction of anesthesia in dogs.(Mitsuhata H, Shimizu R: Plasma histamine levels during induction of anesthesia with propofol in dogs. J Anesth 7: 206–209, 1993)     

Increased sodium requirement following early postnatal surgical correction of congenital uropathies in infants

Serum electrolyte equilibrium and plasma aldosterone concentrations were monitored in 19 infants who had severe obstructive uropathy or grade 5 vesico-ureteral reflux and were undergoing surgical correction in the first 2 months of life. Before surgery high plasma aldosterone levels were observed in 8 patients, but serum sodium and potassium concentrations were normal. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone were elevated in all patients during the week following surgery and 7 patients developed severe hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and weight loss despite very high plasma aldosterone concentrations. As a consequence 5 infants were infused with sodium chloride (4 mEq/kg per day) before and for 36h after surgery; this prevented metabolic imbalance. We conclude that infants undergoing surgical correction of uropathies may require a high sodium intake to maintain electrolyte balance and adequate growth.     

异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科手术麻醉的临床观察

目的:观察异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科手术的麻醉效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ级小儿眼科手术40例,随机分为异丙酚组(A组,n＝20)和安定组(B组,n=20).A组肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg负荷量,加异丙酚、氯胺酮复合液4ml/(kg@h)连续输注,B组肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg负荷量,加静注安定0.2 mg/kg,以0.1%氯胺酮4 mg/(kg@h)连续输注.分别观察两组MBP、HR、SpO2变化、术毕清醒时间、氯胺酮使用总量及不良反应.结果:A组心血管反应轻微,术毕清醒时间短,不良反应少,与B组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01);A组氯胺酮使用总量比B组少(P＜0.05).结论:异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科麻醉效果确切,安全可靠.     

超声引导下行输卵管通液术在原发性不孕中的应用

通过57例原发性不孕症病人在B超引导下行输卵管通液术,术后随访观察,输卵管不通畅治愈率达89．5％(51／57);妊娠率达63。2％(36／57)。因此,B超引导下行输卵管通液术不仅是诊断和治疗输卵管不通所致原发性不孕症的一条好途径,而且是对传统输卵管通液术的进一步发展。     

老年人急性心肌梗死82例临床分析

目的：总结老年人急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）静脉溶栓治疗经验。方法：对８２例老年人ＡＭＩ的临床资料及其中７５例的溶栓治疗资料进行分析。结果：老年人ＡＭＩ时,无胸痛史达５４．９％,入院心电图ＳＴ－Ｔ缺乏典型改变占４５．３％。经静脉溶栓治疗,梗塞动脉开通率为６２．９％,与７０岁以下ＡＭＩ组溶栓开通率比较（６５％）,无统计学差异。结论：老年人ＡＭＩ发病时,临床表现及心电图改变常不典型,应引起重视。在本文条件下