椎弓根钉系统结合椎间融合治疗严重腰椎滑脱

目的评价椎弓根钉内固定系统结合椎间融合治疗严重腰椎滑脱的临床效果。方法2002—2007年应用后路椎弓根钉内固定系统结合椎间融合器治疗32例重度（Meyerding分级Ⅲ和Ⅳ度）腰椎滑脱患者,椎间隙Cage植骨。随访时采用Suk标准判断融合情况,并根据神经损害体征、腰部活动功能和对职业的影响等指标进行疗效评价。结果随访6～36个月,平均22．5个月,优良率90．6％,融合率84．4％,平均腰椎滑脱率由术前的57．3％降低到术后的12．2％。术后并发脑脊液漏2例,暂时性单侧根性疼痛2例,足背皮肤麻木伴轻度的踝关节背屈肌力减弱3例,Cage下沉5例,平均下沉1．1mm。结论椎弓根钉内固定系统结合Cage椎间植骨融合器是治疗严重腰椎滑脱的一种比较安全有效的手术选择。     

经椎间孔椎间融合术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床研究

目的分析经椎间孔椎间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）手术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床资料与手术疗效。方法对2004年1月-2008年6月经TLIF手术治疗的26例病例进行回顾性分析。均采用TLIF方法通过一侧椎间孔抵达椎间盘间隙摘除椎间盘,处理椎间隙后置入椎间融合器。结果所有患者术后平均下床活动时间为4．5d。1例患者术后出现切口皮缘坏死,经清创缝合后愈合;1例患者出现健侧神经根牵拉伤,门诊随访4个月后恢复;其余患者均获得6～36个月随访,平均18．3个月。采用改良MaeNab标准评价随诊结果显示优良率达到92．3％。采用JOA下腰痛评分显示优良率达到92．24％。结论TLIF手术技术具有手术创伤小、恢复活动能力快、术后并发症少及疗效好等优点,是治疗腰椎退行性疾病非常有效的方法之一。     

微创和开放手术治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱的疗效分析

目的 比较微创和开放两种术式治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱的临床效果.方法 采用改良内镜(METRx)减压联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定(Sextant)微创治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱25例,传统开放手术治疗31例.统计手术时间、术中失血量、平均住院日、术后镇痛药物使用情况;用VAS评分评估患者术前、术后疼痛缓解情况;采用改良Macnab标准评估临床疗效;影像学观察比较术前、术后椎体滑脱距离、椎间盘高度、滑脱角改善情况及椎问融合率.结果 患者平均随访2.8年(2～4.5年),5例失访.微创组术中失血量、平均住院时间较开放组明显减少;手术时间较开放组长,但无显著性差异.最终随访的VAS评分方面.微创组和开放组均较术前明显降低.具有显著性差异;两组病例在MacNab 临床疗效评价结果 及椎间融合率方面相似,没有显著性差异;两组病例腰椎滑脱距离、椎间盘高度及滑脱角均较术前改善,并有统计学意义,但开放组和微创组比较,无统计学意义.结论 微创手术具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻、平均住院时间短、术后恢复快等特点.而椎问融合率及临床腰部功能评价与开放手术疗效相似,是治疗腰椎峡部裂滑脱的一种有效方法.     

椎间盘造影在决定腰椎融合节段中的作用

目的 评估椎间盘造影术在决定选择腰椎间融合节段中的应用价值.方法 对17例下腰痛(共56个椎间盘)进行椎间盘造影.根据临床症状、辅助检查、椎间盘造影结果制定手术计划,采用椎间盘切除,腰椎间融合术.术前、术后给予VAS、ODI评分以及影像学评估.结果 本组均成功进行了椎间盘造影.椎间盘造影阳性20个,其中MRI显示只有17个为异常椎间盘.在椎间盘造影阴性的36个椎间盘中,18个MRI显示正常.MRI检测症状椎间盘的假阴性率为15%,假阳性率为50%.17例均接受了腰椎间融合术.ODI评分,术前平均51%,术后1周,1、3、6、12个月结果平均为15%,融合率100%,无一例发生并发症.VAS术前平均7分(6～9分),术后平均2分(0～4分),临床效果良好.结论 椎间盘造影术可避免不必要的腰椎融合,临床症状、辅助检查结合椎间盘造影可以提供更多的信息以更准确地选择融合节段.     

棘突根部与椎板连接复合体椎间植骨结合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗腰椎不稳的临床研究

目的 研究棘突根部与椎板连接复合体椎间植骨结合后路椎弓根钉棒系统进行腰椎融合治疗腰椎不稳及退行性疾病的手术方法,以期为临床提供一种较为理想的椎間植骨选择.方法 A组41例腰椎不稳及退行性疾病,为对照组,行椎间自体髂骨块植骨;B组46例腰椎不稳及退行性疾病,为实验组,行椎间自体棘突根部与椎板连接复合体植骨,对两组患者的手术时间、失血量、住院时间、疼痛改善、融合率以及融合所需时间和影像学测量结果均进行记录比较.结果 两组在手术时间、失血量、住院时间、疼痛缓解评分程度、融合率以及融合所需时间等均无明显差异,但在维持椎间隙高度及减少腰椎滑移危险方面有显著性差异.结论 棘突根部与椎板连接复合体椎间植骨结合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗腰椎不稳及退行性疾病手术方法可行有效,在维持椎间隙高度与减少腰椎滑移方面有较好效果,是一种较为理想的腰椎融合方法.     

经后路顶椎椎弓根全椎体截骨矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形

目的探讨经后路顶椎椎弓根三柱截骨治疗脊柱后凸的临床疗效。方法2003年6月－2006年6月,采用经后路顶椎椎弓根三柱截骨治疗42例脊柱后凸患者,其中陈旧胸腰椎骨折20例、椎体发育不良8例、结核性10例、强直性脊柱炎4例。评定脊柱后凸矫正情况、植骨融合情况、内固定位置、手术并发症、腰痛及Oswestry功能评分的变化。结果术后随访6—21个月,平均15个月。植骨融合满意,无延迟愈合或不愈合。术前后凸Cobb角度平均为霹8．5°术后为20．6°,平均矫正角度为35．3°。术前患者腰痛VAS评分平均为7．5分,术后3．6分。术前ODI平均为57．6％,术后31.7％。结论经后路顶椎椎弓根截骨、椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎后凸畸形,矫正角度大,手术视野开阔,手术相对安全,可获得满意的放射学矫形效果和临床疗效。     

One‐stage anterior release and reduction with posterior fusion for treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation

Objective: To analyze the approach and feasibility of one‐stage anterior release and reduction with posterior fusion for irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods: Ten male and 6 female patients, with an average age of 36 years, including 13 patients with old trauma, 2 with rheumatoid disease, and 1 with os odontoideum were studied. Anterior release and reduction was performed in the supine position. The atlas and vertebra dentate were fixed posteriorly and fused by one stage. Results: All patients were followed up from 15 to 40 months (mean, 23 months), and all gained anatomic reduction and bone fusion. Six months postoperatively, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score of the 12 patients with cord symptoms had improved from 8.3 preoperatively to 13.9, with a mean improvement of 87.5%. Conclusion: Treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with one‐stage anterior release and reduction with posterior fusion is a reliable method.     

Airway compression by the ascending aorta due to a thin thoracic cage

An 89-year-old woman with dyspnea and disturbed consciousness due to hypoventilation was admitted to our hospital. Chest radiography showed no abnormal shadow, but she was intubated for deteriorated hypoventilation. Bronchoscopy demonstrated obstruction of the left main bronchus at the carina. Computed tomography (CT) showed neither a mass lesion in the mediastinum nor an aortic aneurysm, but compression of the airway by the ascending aorta was observed. It was thought that the patient’s thin thoracic cage was unable to support the weight of the ascending aorta, which consequently compressed the left main bronchus. After inserting stents into both main bronchi, the patient’s consciousness improved, and respirator support was withdrawn. In aged, bedridden, thin patients with hypopnea or recurrent airway infection, CT and bronchoscopy should be performed to investigate airway patency.     

健康人胸片的X线定量分析(附462例报告)

目的为了提高对健康人胸片的认识和积累资料。方法对462例6~102岁健康人的胸片28项指标进行了X线定量分析。结果代表心脏、大血管、胸廓及肺体积改变的各项观测指标,随年龄增长而发生不同程度的变化。结论各项观测指标符合健康人生理发展规律。     

T-cell leukemia translocation-associated gene (TCTA) protein is required for human osteoclastogenesis

Synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include factors regulating bone resorption, such as receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL), TNFα, IL-6, IL-17 and IFNγ. However, in addition to these cytokines, other factors expressed in synovial tissues may play a role in resorbing bone. Here, our objective was to identify novel proteins expressed in synovial tissues of RA that regulate human osteoclastogenesis. Proteins were purified from synovial tissues of patients with RA, using gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, reverse-aspect HPLC, and mass spectrometry. We evaluated the effects of the purified fractions on human osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and M-CSF. We determined the amino acid sequences showing inhibitory activity on human osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we synthesized novel peptides from the molecule including the amino acid sequences. Then, we evaluated the effects of the peptides and antibodies against the molecule on human osteoclastogenesis from monocytes and mature osteoclasts, and on pit formation by mature osteoclasts using Osteologic^R discs. We examined the effect of the peptide on the expression of both mRNA and protein of NFATc1. We also examined the effect of RANKL on the expression of mRNA of the molecule on osteoclasts and macrophages. We identified a small peptide including Gly-Gln-Asn (GQN) with inhibitory activity on human osteoclastogenesis. We then found that GQN is included in the amino acid sequence of the extra-cellular domain of TCTA protein, which is expressed ubiquitously in normal human tissues, but whose function has not been clarified. We designed novel peptides, including GQN, from the sequence of TCTA protein. One of these peptides (29-mer), but not a scrambled peptide for the 29-mer peptide, potently inhibited RANKL-induced human osteoclastogenesis. The peptide also inhibited pit formation of mature human osteoclasts and suppressed the formation of large osteoclasts in the culture of mature osteoclasts. Furthermore, polyclonal antibodies against TCTA protein suppressed the formation of large osteoclasts in the cultures of both monocytes and mature osteoclasts, supporting our hypothesis. Peptide A did not significantly inhibit the expression of both mRNA and protein of NFATc1 in osteoclasts. Our novel peptide and polyclonal antibodies against the peptide inhibited human osteoclastogenesis and the function of mature osteoclasts, preventing cellular fusion by TCTA protein and a putative counterpart molecule.