胰岛素瘤及正常胰腺组织中胰岛素原、胰岛素的表达

目的 检测胰岛素瘤及瘤旁正常胰腺组织中胰岛素、胰岛素原、C肽的表达水平,探讨它们的作用.方法 选取2006年9月至2009年12月确诊的38例胰岛素瘤及20例相应瘤旁正常胰腺组织标本,采用免疫组化染色的方法检测组织中胰岛素原、胰岛素、C肽的表达.结果 胰岛细胞瘤和瘤旁正常胰腺组织均表达胰岛素、C肽、胰岛素原.100%的胰岛素瘤组织胰岛素原和C肽强表达,而55%～60%正常胰腺组织为弱表达;79%的胰岛素瘤组织胰岛素表达为+++,而85%的正常胰腺组织胰岛素的表达为++++.38例胰岛素瘤的胰岛素原、C肽阳性表达细胞数占80%～100%,胰岛素阳性表达细胞数占50%～70%,胰岛素原/胰岛素＞1占78.9%,正常胰腺组织分别为20%～80%、60%～90%、10.0%,两者差异均非常显著(P值均＜0.05).结论 胰岛素瘤组织的胰岛素原/胰岛素＞1者占78.9%,测定血浆胰岛素原可能有助于其诊断.     

以低血糖昏迷就诊的多发性内分泌腺瘤1型四例并文献复习

目的 探讨以低血糖昏迷就诊的多发性内分泌腺瘤1型(MENI型)的临床特点及诊治经验.方法 对因复低血糖昏迷住院、经内分泌激素和影像检查及手术确诊为MEN1型的4例患者临床资料进行分析.结果 (1)4例患者均具备Whipple三联征,影像榆查显示胰腺内占位性病变,手术病理证实为胰岛素瘤,其中2例为多发性.(2)1例合并垂体瘤、甲状旁腺瘤(术后复发)和肾上腺皮质腺瘤,1例合并垂体瘤、甲状旁腺瘤(2个)和肾卜腺结节增生,1例合并垂体瘤和甲状旁腺瘤,另1例合并垂体瘤及可疑甲状旁腺瘤.结论 (1)对于胰岛素瘤患者,应仔细检查是否存在MENl型.(2)对于MEN1型患者,手术时应关注甲状旁腺瘤(或增生)和胰岛素瘤是否为多发及异位等情况.术后应定期随访以监测病变的复发和新病变发生.     

Expression of the gene for a membrane-bound fatty acid receptor in the pancreas and islet cell tumours in humans: evidence for GPR40 expression in pancreatic beta cells and implications for insulin secretion

Aims/hypothesis G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is abundantly expressed in pancreatic beta cells in rodents, where it facilitates glucose-induced insulin secretion in response to mid- to long-chain fatty acids in vitro. However, GPR40 gene expression in humans has not been fully investigated, and little is known about the physiological and pathophysiological roles of GPR40 in humans. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine GPR40 expression and its clinical implications in humans.Methods: GPR40 mRNA expression in the human pancreas, pancreatic islets and islet cell tumours was analysed using TaqMan PCR.Results: GPR40 mRNA was detected in all human pancreases collected intraoperatively. It was enriched approximately 20-fold in isolated islets freshly prepared from the pancreases of the same individuals. The estimated mRNA copy number for the GPR40 gene in pancreatic islets was comparable to those for genes encoding sulfonylurea receptor 1, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and somatostatin receptors, all of which are known to be expressed abundantly in the human pancreatic islet. A large amount of GPR40 mRNA was detected in insulinoma tissues, whereas mRNA expression was undetectable in glucagonoma or gastrinoma. The GPR40 mRNA level in the pancreas correlated with the insulinogenic index, which reflects beta cell function (r=0.82, p=0.044), but not with glucose levels during the OGTT, the insulin area under the OGTT curve or the index for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Conclusions/interpretation The present study provides evidence for GPR40 gene expression in pancreatic beta cells and implicates GPR40 in insulin secretion in humans.     

胰岛素瘤一例并文献复习

目的 总结分析胰岛素瘤的临床特点,探讨其诊断治疗方法.方法 对我院收治的1例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,并结合国内外有关文献报道进行分析.结果 该例胰岛素瘤患者有典型的Whipple三联征.血糖1.9～3.6 mmol/L,胰岛素释放指数＞0.3;腹部超声检查示胰腺区低回声结节,腹部CT检查示胰腺占位;剖腹探查结合B型超声检查示胰腺体部有直径约2.1 cm×1.0 cm结节.结论 典型的临床表现、B超及CT薄层扫描结合胰岛素水平测定是诊断胰岛素瘤的有效方法,外科手术切除肿瘤是治疗的有效手段.     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation: An effective and safe alternative for the treatment of benign insulinoma

BackgroundInsulinomas are usually benign, small-sized, well-encapsulated and often solitary pancreatic tumors. Currently, enucleation is the treatment of choice for sporadic solitary insulinoma if diameter is less than 2 cm and the structural integrity of the pancreatic duct can be maintained. However, the procedure has a risk of postoperative complications, and especially of pancreatic fistula. There is growing interest in endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) as an effective and less invasive alternative treatment for benign sporadic insulinoma.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of EUS-RFA in four patients with benign localized insulinoma treated in our tertiary care center between June 2018 and November 2019. EUS-RFA was performed with a EUS-guided RFA 19-gauge needle electrode (Starmed; Taewoong Medical, Seoul, South Korea) that released energy at 50W up to 100 Ohms impedance.ResultsThe series comprised three women and one man, with a median age of 58 years (range 52–82 years). Mean tumor size was 12 mm. Although three of the four patients would have been eligible for surgery, EUS-RFA was proposed to them. Symptomatic and biological improvement occurred immediately, generally straight after the procedure, in all patients, and no serious complications were observed. During the mean follow-up period of 22 months, no symptom recurrence was observed.ConclusionsThis preliminary report in 4 patients showed that EUS-RFA was an effective and relatively safe alternative treatment, devoid of major complications, for benign sporadic insulinoma. Larger-scale prospective multicenter studies are, however, needed to confirm the long-term effectiveness and safety of this novel technique.     

MRI、CT及超声在诊断胰岛素瘤中应用研究

目的分析MRI(磁共振成像)、CT及超声3种不同影像学检查方法在诊断胰岛素瘤的应用价值。方法选取我院收治且进行手术治疗的胰岛素瘤患者72例,术前均行MRI、CT及腹部超声检查,将检查结果与手术结果比较,分析病灶部位、大小,并比较三种影像学成像结果。结果经MRI、CT、超声依次检测有58例、46例、44例病灶,检出率依次为8 0.5%、63.9%、61.1%,胰岛素瘤分布、大小均无显著差异(P0.05),MRI检出率最高,差异显著(P0.05);MRI平扫抑脂序列T1WI、T2WI及DWI上呈现明显异常信号,且动态增强期均明显强化,CT显示32例为后动脉期,均高于门静脉期,12例显示为增强后动脉期及门静脉轻度强化;超声显示边界清楚,可见瘤体与血管部位。结论MRI、CT及超声进行胰岛素瘤诊断中,三者均有较高的检出率,其中MRI检测率最高,但价格昂贵,CT与超声检测率相近,但超声易受胃肠气体干扰,影响结果,应根据患者实际病情选择最佳诊断方法 。     

腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤切除术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤手术切除的可行性。方法 2007年9月至2009年8月,经临床筛选胰岛细胞瘤病例8例,无功能性2例,功能性6例。病灶直径1.2～4.5cm,平均(2.7±0.7)cm。术前行腹部超声、超声造影、内镜超声、CT、MIR及DSA进行定位,必要时行术中超声,确保肿瘤完全切除干净,术后放置引流管,防止胰漏。结果 8例完全腹腔镜下胰岛细胞瘤除,其中沿包膜完整切除4例,连同部分胰腺组织切除2例,胰体尾加脾脏切除1例,保留脾脏胰尾部切除1例。手术时间90～320min,平均(220.9±71.9)min,出血量50～800ml,平均(350.6±210.5)ml。术中未出现不能控制的并发症,术后腹腔引流管放置时间5～14d。其中1例拔管后发生胰漏,形成腹腔内包裹性囊肿。其他无胰漏、出血等并发症,术后平均住院7.4d。结论腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤切除术是安全、微创、可行,可达到开腹完整切除的目的,值得临床推广使用。     

胰岛素瘤的诊断及外科治疗探讨

目的:探讨胰岛素瘤的临床特征、诊断及外科治疗方法。方法:所有患者均行手术治疗,手术方式:肿瘤摘除术39例,胰腺中断切除术1例,胰腺远端切除术4例,胰腺尾联合脾切除术2例,胰十二指肠手术1例。结果:肿瘤位于胰头钩突部9例、胰体部25例、胰尾部13例,术中见肿瘤大小0.6～3.8cm,平均2.0cm,肿瘤呈单发43例,多发4例;良性胰岛素瘤42例,恶性胰岛素瘤5例。术后患者血糖均恢复正常,无手术死亡病例,亦无急性胰腺炎、大出血发生,2例发生胰瘘,1例发生假性囊肿,1例胰体胰岛素瘤摘除后第5年复发,探查又发现胰尾部肿瘤,再次摘除后治愈。随访6个月至5年,症状均未复发。结论:Whipple三联症、胰岛素释放指数(IRI/G)比值是定性诊断的主要依据,联合应用多种影像学检查方法有助于提高检出率,外科手术是治疗胰岛素瘤的有效方法。     

Pancreatic insulinoma combined with glucagon positive cell: A case report

We present a 70-year-old man who was referred for surgery with uncontrollable hypoglycemia. Ultrasonography and abdominal contrast computed tomography revealed a hypervascular tumor of 1 cm in diameter in the pancreatic tail. With a diagnosis of insulinoma, we performed a distal pancreatectomy. The patient showed a good postoperative course without any complications. The patient’s early morning fasting hypoglycemia disappeared. The respective levels of C-peptide and insulin dropped from 14.9 ng/mL and 4860 μIU/mL preoperatively to 5.3 ng/mL and 553 μIU/mL after surgery. A histopathological examination demonstrated that the tumor was a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1. Immunostaining was negative for insulin and positive for CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and glucagon. These findings suggested that the tumor was clinically an insulinoma but histopathologically a glucagonoma. Among all insulinoma cases reported between 1985 and 2010, only 5 cases were associated with independent glucagonoma. In this report, we characterize and discuss this rare type of insulinoma by describing the case we experienced in detail.     

Embolization of an Insulinoma of the Pancreas with Trisacryl Gelatin Microspheres as Definitive Treatment

Insulinomas are rare, mostly benign neuroendocrine tumors, originating in 99% of cases from the pancreas, that synthesize and secrete insulin, causing symptomatic hypoglycemia. Today the treatment of choice is surgical removal. We present the case of an 84-year-old woman with a symptomatic insulinoma who refused surgery and was treated with arterial embolization using trisacryl gelatin microspheres as definitive treatment.