LASIK术后修氏和非接触眼压计测量结果的比较

目的　评价修氏眼压计和非接触眼压计 (NCT)在激光原位角膜磨镶术 (LASIK)后的眼压测量结果及其相互比较。方法　随机选择接受LASIK治疗的高度近视患者 16 5例 ,排除青光眼或高眼压症 ,于术前用非接触眼压计测量眼压 ,术后 1年以非接触眼压计和修氏眼压计进行测量。结果　 1)非接触眼压测量术前平均 (13.9± 2 .5 )mmHg ,术后 1年平均为 (7.0± 1.8)mmHg ;平均眼压测量值下降(6 .9± 2 .1)mmHg;2 )术后 1年眼压修氏测量平均为 (14.3± 3.5 )mmHg ,与非接触眼压测量比较 ,二者差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。 3)非接触眼压测量改变值与预期屈光度矫正值存在统计学的相关性 (r =0 .2 379,0 .0 0 2 >P >0 .0 0 1)。结论　术后NCT测量值与修氏眼压计测量值比较明显偏低 ,二者测量结果存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。激光切削是导致手术后非接触眼压计测量结果下降的直接原因 ,其下降值与预期屈光度矫正值存在相关性 ,预期屈光度矫正值越大 ,下降值越大。LASIK术后不能按传统正常值衡量非接触眼压计测量结果 ,否则可能延误类固醇性青光眼的早期诊断。术后NCT测量值与修氏眼压计测量值比较明显偏低 ,其原因可能是由于两种眼压计的设计的原理不同     

高效液相色谱仪测定未结合胆红素光异构体校正因子及临床意义

目的分析不稳定、无法提纯的未结合胆红素(4Z,15Z-胆红素Ⅸα,简称ZZ)光异构体的校正因子,以便临床对它们进行定量分析研究.方法采用高效液相色谱对光照前后ZZ光异构体峰面积进行测定,然后通过公式计算校正因子.结果两种主要的光异构体的校正因子分别是4Z,15E-胆红素Ⅸα为1.33±0.01,光红素为1.85±0.02.结论校正因子为临床定量分析ZZ光异构体提供客观依据.     

通脉络胶囊抗心肌缺血和耐常压缺氧作用的研究

目的：研究通脉络胶囊对实验动物的抗心肌缺血和耐常压缺氧作用,为临床用药提供依据。方法：给兔耳静脉注射脑垂体后叶素,造成急性心肌缺血状态,以心电图ＳＴ段及Ｔ波产生的变化为指标,来研究通脉络胶囊对抗垂体后叶素引起的兔心肌缺血作用;将小鼠放在密闭的容器中造成缺氧环境,以小鼠在常压缺氧条件下呼吸停止的时间为指标,来研究小鼠的耐常压缺氧作用。各实验均设四组动物：通脉络胶囊高、低剂量组、复方丹参片组、水对照组。结果：通脉络胶囊高剂量组与对照组比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;低剂量组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。与复方丹参片组比较,抗心肌缺血作用无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;耐常压缺氧作用的高剂量组有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：通脉络胶囊有显著的抗心肌缺血作用和耐常压缺氧作用,它的疗效与剂量有依赖关系;抗心肌缺血作用与复方丹参片近似,耐常压缺氧作用远较复方丹参片强。     

双氯酚酸钾片人体生物等效性研究

目的评价双氯酚酸钾实验制剂和参比制剂的生物等效性。方法8名健康男性志愿者交叉单剂量口服双氯酚酸钾实验制剂或参比制剂50mg,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定经时过程血药浓度,血药浓度时间数据用3p97药代动力学实用程序拟合,计算其药代动力学参数。结果实验制剂和参比制剂主要药代动力学参数Ka分别为(3．042±1．356)h     

影响精神分裂症患者阴、阳性症状疗效的因素分析

目的 :探讨抗精神病药物及临床常见因素对精神分裂症患者阴、阳性症状疗效的影响。方法 :采用前瞻性设计的方法 ,对连续入院的 12 9例精神分裂症病人 ,分别在 6周的单一抗精神病药物治疗前后使用BPRS ,SANS ,SAPS及自编问卷进行调查和评估。并应用t检验和多逐步回归进行统计学分析。结果 :各量表总分治疗前后差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,但SANS与SAPS各自治疗前后差值之间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。阴、阳性症状的疗效与性别和家族史的关系特别密切 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :性别和家族史对于精神分裂症阴、阳性症状的疗效有显著影响而抗精神病药物似乎不存在明显的优劣之分。有关发现值得进一步探讨研究。     

液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)在天然化学成分分析中的应用Ⅰ.音喷离子化(SSI)与大气压化学离子化(APCI)对利血平的比较分析

报道应用 L C- MS/ MS,采用音喷离子化 (SSI)与大气压化学离子化 (APCI)对利血平的比较分析 ,应用这两种离子化方法比较所得的利血平的标准质谱 (MS)和二级质谱 (MS2 ) ,实验证明两种离子化方法所得结果完全一致     

大鼠臂旁核内微注射GABA对血压和心率的影响

实验在31只乌拉坦麻醉,琥珀酰胆碱肌松、人工呼吸的大鼠上进行。观察到臂旁核注入γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),引起平均动脉压(MAP)显著降低(P<0．001);臂旁核内注入荷包牡丹碱(Bic)引起MAP显著升高(P<0．001);GABA的降压效应可被臂旁核内预注射Bic所阻断。上述药物在臂旁核均对心率无明显影响(P>o．05)。结果表明GABA在臂旁核内引起降压效应;臂旁核的内源性GABA具有紧张性降压作用,并参与正常血压水平的维持。     

L-Arg-NO通路对大鼠延髓腹面加压区心血管活动的影响及与L-Glu通路的关系

目的：研究一氧化氮（ＮＯ）前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）单侧微量注入大鼠延髓腹面加压区（ＶＳＭｐ）对动脉血压（ＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）、肾灌流压（ＰＰｋ）的影响及与Ｌ－谷氨酸（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）升压作用的关系。方法 采用延髓腹外侧部微量注射法,以整体灌流肾为模型观察与ＮＯ有关药物对心血管活动的影响。结果 （１）ＶＳＭｐ内微量注入Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（４０～１００ｎｍｏｌ）,ＡＰ和ＨＲ呈剂量依赖性下降,与生理盐水注入后的变化相比较,差异均有显著性。如预先注入ＮＯ合酶抑制剂Ｌ－硝基－精氨酸甲酯（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）或鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂甲基蓝,Ｌ－Ａｒｇ的降压效应被衰减。（２）ＶＳＭｐ内微量注入Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（１００ｎｍｏｌ）,ＰＰｋ与ＡＰ同步下降,与基础值比较,差异有显著性。（３）ＶＳＭｐ内微量注入Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ（３５０ｎｍｏｌ）,ＡＰ上升。如预先注     

Role of Laryngeal Movement and Effect of Aging on Swallowing Pressure in the Pharynx and Upper Esophageal Sphincter

Objectives Describe contribution of laryngeal movement to pressure changes at the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and the effect of aging on the swallowing function. Study Design Manofluorography on 56 nondysphagic adults divided into three age groups: the 21‐ to 31‐year‐old group (n = 32), the 61‐ to 74‐year‐old group (n = 12) and the 75‐ to 89‐year‐old group (n = 12). Analyses of the bolus transit time, the amplitudes and durations of pharyngeal pressures, the timing of a pressure fall at the UES and the laryngeal movements. Methods Intraluminal strain‐gauge sensors recorded pressure changes in the oropharynx, hypopharynx and the UES. Motion pictures of the videotapes were fed into a personal computer, and movements of the hyoid bone were measured in both the horizontal and vertical directions as an indication of laryngeal movement. Results In 26‐ and 70‐year‐old men with calcification of the thyroid cartilage, it was determined that the larynx and hyoid bone moved in consonance until the end of the rapid hyoid movements in both the superior and anterior directions. In the 21‐ to 31‐year‐old group, the magnitude of the pressure fall at the UES was maximal before or almost at the same time as the bolus arrival, in preparation for smooth passage of the bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus. The rapid superior movements of the hyoid bone started significantly early as compared with its anterior movements (P = .0001). The rapid anterior movements of the hyoid bone started simultaneously with the pressure fall at the UES. In the elderly, all segmental transit times were significantly increased. The timing of the pressure fall at the UES was significantly delayed and the UES pressure reached its minimum value after arrival of the bolus at the UES. The minimum pressure at the UES increased to a significantly positive value. The rapid anterior movements of the hyoid were significantly delayed, suggesting that this delay causes the delay in the pressure fall at the UES. Conclusions The rapid superior and anterior movements of the hyoid bone are considered to start at the same time as those of the larynx. In the young group, it is suggested that superior laryngeal movement protects the lower airway prior to the anterior laryngeal movement, causing the pressure fall at the UES to enable the passage of a bolus into the UES. In the elderly, smooth passage of the bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus is hindered and the system that prevents aspiration is rendered inefficient by changes in the swallowing pressures and laryngeal movements with aging.     

Pressure Transfer Between Intracranial and Cochlear Fluids in Patients With Meniere's Disease

Objectives: To elucidate the pressure transfer between intracranial and labyrinthine fluids in patients with well‐defined unilateral Meniere's disease. Study Design: Eleven patients previously exposed to hypobaric pressure agreed to be investigated further with the tympanic membrane displacement (TMD) technique. TMD was used to indirectly analyze perilymph pressure changes as the result of changes in body position. Methods: Repeated measurements for both the diseased and the healthy ears were made with the patients supine and then in a sitting position. The TMD parameters for the maximum inward displacement, the Vi, and the mean volume displacement, the Vm, were calculated and compared. Results: The paired comparison showed statistically significant larger Vi values for both ears in the supine position. A similar tendency was observed for the Vm value. This difference of the Vi was significantly larger for the diseased ear compared with the currently healthy ear. The results were compared to the audiometric and electrocochleographic results previously obtained on the same patients when they were subjected to hypobaric pressure. Patients who experienced the largest differences in hearing level thresholds in the lower frequencies also showed the greatest differences in TMD values as the result of postural changes. Conclusions: Despite the limited number, the statistically supported results suggest a relation between the efficiency of the routes of pressure transfer and the observed effect of hypobaric exposure. The results also indicate that for the patients tested, the routes of communication are more effective in the diseased ear than in the healthy ear—a condition that may relate to the pathogeneses of Meniere's disease.