治疗青少年首次外伤性髌骨脱位的临床观察

目的探讨青少年首次外伤性髌骨脱位的治疗方案。方法2010年1月至2017年12月上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心骨科接诊的外伤性髌骨脱位共62例(62膝)。62例患儿均有下肢外伤史,平均年龄11.9岁。行髌骨复位或者游离体取出术后均行股四头肌肌力训练、内推髌骨、护膝佩戴及避免剧烈活动3个月。结果24例行膝关节穿刺抽吸血肿,平均抽吸血量为20.6 ml。初次发病后平均随访时间3.9年。13例合并膝关节游离体。62例中54例无髌骨脱位复发,8例复发;其中3例复发1次,2例复发2次(该5例中有2例未遵医嘱康复锻炼,遵医嘱康复锻炼后无再脱位);另外3例髌骨再脱位3次以上。再脱位3次和4次后考虑复发性髌骨脱位,行髌骨脱位软组织联合手术后随访3.1年无再脱位。随访患儿平均Kujala评分为93.4分。结论青少年首次外伤性髌骨脱位急性期选择保守治疗,治疗方法操作简单。大部分患儿长期随访效果好,但对患儿及家属依从性要求较高,临床诊疗中可优先考虑保守治疗。如再脱位超过3次以上可考虑伸膝装置软组织重建手术治疗。     

整体护理对脑卒中后吞咽障碍康复的价值

脑卒中后吞咽障碍是脑卒中常见的严重症状之一。目前表明,脑卒中后吞咽障碍发病原因主要为皮质下行纤维、吞咽皮质中枢、延髓吞咽中枢及锥体外系损伤。临床常表现为发音困难、饮食后呛咳噎食、构音障碍、营养不良、吸入性肺炎,增加住院时间、加重经济负担,并严重威胁患者生命健康及生活质量。因此对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的康复护理要求需提出更高的目标。相关研究发现,整体护理对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的康复有重要的临床价值。本文结合近些年来关于对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的整体护理的相关文献,通过对脑卒中后吞咽障碍鉴别方法、时效性护理、基础训练、进食、预防和心理护理的阐述,为今后对吞咽障碍的研究提供参考价值。     

一种肌电控制假手的新型自适应增力机构

介绍一种用于肌电控制假手的新型自适应切换增力机构。对比现在国内外的各种假手增力机构，它不用超越离合器，因而更为简单、可靠、耐用。它不仅为广大的上肢残疾患者带来福音，也是康复器械上的一大革新     

Regional alterations of brain biogenic amines and GABA/glutamate levels in rats following chronic lead exposure during neonatal development

Wistar rat pups were administered either a high dose of lead acetate (400 g lead/g body weight/day) or a low dose (100 g lead/g body weight/day) by gastric intubation, from 2 days through 60 days of age. The rats on both these doses exhibited statistically significant decreases in body and brain weights throughout the lead treatment period. A group of rats on high dose was also rehabilitated by discontinuing the lead from 60 days of age. In these rats, at 160 days of age, the body weight but not the brain weight recovered to normal levels. During the lead intake, the rats on high dose revealed significant elevations in the levels of noradrenaline (NA) in the hippocampus (HI), cerebellum (CE), hypothalamus (HY), brainstem (BS), and accumbens-striatum (SA). The elevated levels in all the above regions except in the HY persisted even after rehabilitation. The dopamine (DA) levels changed significantly in opposite directions in HY (elevation) and BS (reduction) during the lead treatment, and the HY recovered after rehabilitation. Under lead, the serotonin (5HT) levels were elevated significantly in the HI, BS and MC (motor cortex), while after rehabilitation the abnormality persisted only in the MC. Low dose lead treatment was also effective on the same areas of brain. In the low dose group, estimation of the levels of GABA and glutamate were also done, and a significant decrease of GABA in CE and glutamate in MC was observed. The differences observed in the neurotoxic effects (none or significant) of lead in the different regions for each of the transmitters (NA, DA, 5HT) supports the interesting conclusion that the vulnerability of the axon terminals of any given type is dependent on some regional factors, although the projections of the different regions originate from an apparently similar category of neurons in the brain stem.     

短肠综合征的康复治疗

目的总结27例短肠综合征病人康复治疗的经验,介绍短肠康复治疗的具体方法,探讨改善短肠病人营养状况、促进肠功能代偿的措施。方法短肠康复治疗包括营养支持、应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素促进肠粘膜生长、富含膳食纤维的短肠康复饮食、减轻短肠临床症状以及预防和治疗短肠并发症等措施。1997年1月至2000年7月间共27例短肠患者接受了29次康复治疗,患者平均年龄38.5岁±19.3岁。剩余小肠长度范围15～80cm,平均46.8cm±23.4cm,15例有回盲瓣。从肠切除至接受康复治疗的平均时间为86d±105d。结果治疗后病人的营养状况明显改善,肠道吸收功能有所增强。随访超过2年者8例,4例完全脱离肠外营养,随访时间超过1年者13例,有10例完全脱离肠外营养。结论短肠康复治疗能够有效地改善短肠病人的营养状况、并能促进肠功能代偿,治疗效果与残留小肠长度、治疗开始的时间和病人年龄有关,及早进行康复治疗能够促进肠功能代偿,减少病人对肠外营养的依赖。     

中西医结合治疗小儿脑性瘫痪流涎症

探讨小儿脑性瘫痪流涎症的有效治疗方法。方法:46例小儿脑性瘫痪流涎症患儿随机分为两组,观察组采用口操、针灸、经络导平及东莨菪碱治疗;对照组采用东莨菪碱治疗,治疗后用TDS进行疗效评定。结果:观察组总有效率为56.92％,对照组17.39％。观察组明显优于对照组(x~2=7.558,P<0.01)。结论:中西医结合治疗小儿脑性瘫痪流涎症是行之有效的方法。     

家庭心理教育在精神分裂症患者康复中的作用

探讨家庭心理教育对精神分裂症康复的影响,方法采用对照研究的方法,对病人家属进行家庭心理教育,应用ＢＲＰＳ和Ｍ－ＳＤＳＳ量表对病人进行评定。结果在两年间的历次评定中,研究组病人ＢＰＲＳ和Ｍ－ＳＤＳＳ量表评分明显低于对照组。结论家庭心理教育对促进精神分裂症病人康复具有积极意义。     

手部屈指肌腱损伤的显微外科修复与功能康复

目的探讨手部指屈肌腱损伤的治疗方法和疗效.方法1994年至1999年间共收治82例115条指屈肌腱损伤,分析其病史后进行总结.其中男58例,女24例,年龄2岁～55岁,平均39岁.用改良Kessler法缝合,早期系统的康复治疗.结果按TAM法评定疗效,优38例,良36例,可5例,差3例,优良率91.4%.结论手部指屈肌肌腱损伤显微外科修复加系统的康复治疗,对预防肌腱粘连有重要意义.     

Multiviszerale Resektion des fortgeschrittenen kolorektalen Karzinoms Multivisceral resection in advanced colorectal carcinoma

Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über die operative Behandlung von 1232 Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom aus dem Zeitraum 1.09.1984 bis 1.01.1990. Entsprechend einer Resektionsquote von 90,3 % wurden 1112 Patienten (kurativ: n = 917, palliativ: n = 195) reseziert. Bei 82 Patienten war wegen Organüberschreitung des Tumors eine multiviszerale Resektion von einem oder mehreren benachbarten Organen (69mal kurativ, 13mal palliativ) notwendig. Komplikationsraten (26,7% zu 27,5 %) und die 30-Tageletalität (3,4% zu 2,9 %) waren in beiden Gruppen der kurativ and kurativ erweitert resezierten Patienten gleich. Die Berechnung der Fünfjahresüberlebensrate ergab für die kurativ resezierten Patienten ohne Erweiterung einen Wert von 58% gegenüber 55 mit Erweiterung. Auch die Subgruppenanalyse ergab keinen Unterschied in den einzelnen Stadien. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schlul zu, da bei gleicher Komplikations-und Letalitätsrate die kurativ erweiterte Resektion von pT3- and pT4-Tumoren gleiche Spdtergebnisse wie die entsprechende Behandlung von nicht erweitert resezierten pT3-Tumoren erwarten lät. Die Daten zeigen, da eine Infiltration von Nachbarorganen durch ein kolorektales Karzinom nicht als Inoperabilitätskriterium gelten darf.

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From 1 September to 1 January 1990, a total of 1232 patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. Resection was performed on 1112 (90.3%) patients. It was curative in 917 cases and palliative in 195. Multivisceral resection was necessary 82 times because of tumour infiltration of adjacent organs (curative: 69 cases; palliative: 13 cases). The complication rate (26.7% vs 27.5%) and mortality rate (3.4% vs 2.9%) were similar to those for curative resections without multivisceral extension. The 5-year survival rate was also similar in the two groups (58% vs 55%). These results show that curative multivisceral resections can lead to the same long-term results as conventional curative resections. These data are encouraging, and tumour infiltration of neighbouring organs should not be taken to demonstrate inoperability.