改良引流法用于肛肠术后的临床观察

目的 :评价改良引流法用于肛肠术后的临床价值。方法 :用半随机方法将 10 0例患者分为观察组和对照组 ,各 5 0例 ,对肛肠术后患者切口分别采用传统引流法和改良引流法 ,比较术后出现的并发症及并发症出现的平均时间。结果 :观察组术后并发症和并发症出现的时间少于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :改良引流法能减轻患者痛苦 ,疗效好 ,并发症少。     

丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况；电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组；而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用，为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。     

大黄蒽醌类化合物体外抗流感病毒作用的研究

目的:探讨大黄蒽醌类化合物(RAA)在细胞培养中抗流感病毒的作用。方法:采用细胞培养技术,以病毒唑为阳性对照药,比较观察大黄蒽醌类化合物对流感病毒引起的细胞病变(CPE)的抑制作用。结果:大黄蒽醌类化合物半数中毒浓度(TC50)为226.1μg/m l,其抗流感病毒的半数有效浓度(IC50)为122.4μg/m l,治疗指数(T I)为1.9,且对流感病毒抑制作用存在明显的量效反应关系。结论:大黄蒽醌类化合物在M DCK细胞中对流感病毒有抑制作用。     

腰椎管狭窄症术后下肢残留麻木的发生率及影响因素

[目的]探讨腰椎管狭窄症术后下肢残留麻木的发生率和影响因素。[方法]2001年1月～2003年2月手术治疗56例腰椎管狭窄症患者，术后随访10d，1、3个月、1年和2年，记录患者神经功能和残留症状。[结果]术前82．1％的患者有下肢麻木，术后10d，1、3个月、1年和2年分别有43．6％、39．I％、36．6％、35．3％和35．7％的患者下肢残留麻木，与病程、术前JOA评分和椎管狭窄类型有关，与年龄和神经根直径无关。[结论]腰椎管狭窄症患者术后1个月内下肢麻木恢复最快，术后1年和2年下肢麻木发生率为35．3％和35．7％，推测神经组织的潜在恢复能力影响下肢麻木的发生率。     

醋酸精氨酸对创烧伤患者预后的影响及安全性分析——86例多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验

目的观察服用醋酸精氨酸对创烧伤患者预后的影响及可能出现的不良反应。方法采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照的研究方法,将96例创烧伤患者(实际完成86例)随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组41例,服用醋酸精氨酸0．4 g·kg-1·d-1;对照组45例,服用安慰剂酪氨酸,剂量同前,均连用7 d。两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持疗法。比较患者创面(切口)愈合时间、住院时间及不良反应发生情况。结果创伤患者治疗组(29例)创面(切口)愈合时间和住院时间分别为(11．1±2．8)、(19±6)d,明显短于对照组(13．2±5．5)、(22±6)d(33例,P< 0．05);烧伤患者治疗组(12例)创面愈合时间和住院时间各为(20±5)、(28±6)d,与对照组(22±8)、(29±8)d(12例)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。在整个试验过程中,患者出现的不良反应为恶心、腹泻,其中治疗组1例占2．44％,对照组1例占2．22％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P= 1．000)。以上不良反应停药后消失。结论服用醋酸精氨酸能显著促进创伤患者创面(切口)愈合,缩短住院时间,且无明显不良反应,但对烧伤患者的预后无明显改善,这可能与病例数较少有关,其确切疗效有待于通过大样本的临床试验予以确定。     

Observations on the efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in Treating 50 cases of pseudobulbar paralysis

目的：观察针药结合治疗假性延髓麻痹的疗效。方法：采用完全随机抽样法分为针刺组50例，对照组48例。针刺组在西医治疗的同时，应用针刺进行综合治疗；对照组单纯接受西医药物治疗。结果：针刺组有效率为92．0％，对照组为62．5％。两组疗效差异具有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：针药结合治疗假性延髓麻痹效果明显优于单纯西药治疗。     

Therapeutic effect of antimicrobial drugs against experimental infections due toYersinia pestis in mice

Although there are effective antibacterial agents against plague, newer antibacterial agents have been developed which show more potent activity against other bacterial organisms, but have not been tested againstYersinia pestis. A strain ofYersinia pestis was selected (no. 22; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan) that caused a systemic infection in mice.Y. pestis no. 22 was intraperitoneally inoculated into DDY-strain mice, and 13 oral or 6 injectable antibacterial drugs given to the infected mice at varying doses 1 and 24 hours after infection. Levofloxacin, sparfloxacin and ofloxacin were the most effective oral agents against the infection, and prulifloxacin and pazufloxacin were also effective but to a lesser extent. Also, gentamicin and arbekacin were the most potent injectable antibacterial agents againstY. pestis. These results suggest that there are several new drugs, both oral and injectable, which exert excellent in vivo antibacterial activity against a mouse infection model and may be useful for the clinical treatment of plague.     

Stereoselectivity of actions of the calcium sensitizer [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264

The thiadiazinone derivative [+]-EMD 60263 ((+)-5-(1-(α-ethylimino-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4 -thiadiazine-2-on) is a Ca²⁺-sensitizing agent with only minor phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. Our aim was to characterize the inotropic and electrophysiological effects of [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264 in several cardiac muscle preparations. The Ca²⁺-sensitizing activity resided in the [+]-enantiomer only. [+]-EMD 60263 (3 μM) shifted the EC₅₀ of Ca²⁺ for contractile activation of skinned fibers of pig heart from 2.41 μM to 0.73 μM, whereas [-]-EMD 60264 (30 μM) was ineffective. In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 induced concentration-dependent positive and negative inotropic effects, respectively; both enantiomers reduced spontaneous heart rate but did not influence perfusion pressure. The maximum increase in force of human atrial trabeculae was 35 % of pre-drug control with [+]-EMD 60263 in comparison to 113 % with forskolin. In guinea-pig papillary muscles, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 had opposite inotropic responses, however, both agents similarly prolonged action potential duration. Both enantiomers concentration-dependently blocked the rapidly activating component I_Kr of the delayed rectifier in guinea-pig myocytes. The block saturated at potentials positive to +30 mV, closely resembling the effects of the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 which had been originally used to define I_Kr. It is concluded, that the positive inotropic action of [+]-EMD 60263 can be explained by prevalence of the Ca²⁺-sensitizing effect. The accompanying prolongation in action potential duration is caused by block of the I_Kr component of the delayed rectifier. While the inotropic effects are stereoselective, most of the electrophysiological actions are clearly independent of sterical configuration. The combination of Ca²⁺-sensitizing with class-III antiarrhythmic action may provide an interesting pharmacological profile of potential therapeutic use. Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 25 February 1997     

Dopaminergic transmission in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus to produce acupuncture analgesia in correlation with the pituitary gland

Acupuncture analgesia (AA) caused by low frequency stimulation of the acupuncture point (AP) was abolished by hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy. Termination of the AA producing pathway from the AP to the pituitary gland was in the medial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (M-HARN). The origin of the descending pain inhibitory system associated with AA was in the posterior HARN (P-HARN). AA in the hypophysectomized rats, and enhanced neuronal activity in the P-HARN that were abolished during acupuncture stimulation, were both restored by intraperitoneal microinjection of 0.5 mg/kg morphine or 0.1 micrograms beta-endorphin into the P-HARN during acupuncture stimulation. Of the analgesia produced by dopamine or beta-endorphin injected into the P-HARN, that caused by beta-endorphin disappeared after denervation of the M-HARN. The P-HARN neurons that responded to acupuncture stimulation also responded to iontophoretic dopamine, but not to iontophoretic morphine nor ultramicroinjected beta-endorphin. The transmission between the M-HARN and P-HARN may be dopaminergic, and beta-endorphin might presynaptically modulate this transmission. Reduction of sodium ions may have been the reason for abolition of AA after adrenalectomy.     

复方华蟾胶囊抗小鼠肿中瘤作用的实验研究

目的了解复方华蟾胶囊抗小鼠移植性肿瘤的作用.方法以小鼠肝癌22(H22)、小鼠肉瘤180(S180)为瘤株,应用动物移植性肿瘤的体内试验法对药物进行抗癌药效学试验.结果复方华蟾胶囊灌胃4,2 g/kg@d,连续14 d,对小鼠移植性肝癌实体型生长有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为38.09%,30.95%.对小鼠移植性S180实体型生长有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为34.7%,30.08%.复方华蟾胶囊对荷瘤小鼠的胸腺和脾脏重量无影响.结论复方华蟾胶囊在试验条件下有一定抗肿瘤作用.