高原地区小切口白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入的手术配合

自内障是眼科一种常见病，高原的发病率明显高于平原地区，加之西藏高原少数民族卫生防病知识缺乏，交通不便，就诊晚，致使成熟期自内障明显多于平原地区。2005年7月笔者有幸参加了全国防盲办组织的青藏高原光明行之五——西藏行医疗队，我们在短短的5d内共完成了138例自内障手术，现将此行的护理配合体会总结如下。     

Effects of seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury on the expression of NF-κB,and IκBαof small intestine in rats

Objective To observe effects of seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury on the expression of NF-κB,and IκBαas well as the change pattern in rats. Methods Ninety-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (n =7), the open abdominal injury group(n =42) and open abdominal injury combined with 1-hour seawater immersion group ( n =42). The expression of NF-κB,andIκBαin small intestine tissues was measured by Western blot and statistical analyses were also made in the study. Results The expression of NF-κB,in the seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury group increased significantly 3 hours after injury, when compared with that of the open abdominal injury group(P<0. 05), whereas the expression of NF-κB, of the pure injury group was slightly lower than that of the control group, but no statistical differences could be seen between them(P>0.05). The change pattern in the expression of IκBαwas quite the opposite to that of NF-κB. Conclusions NF-κB seemed to be rapidly and persistently involved in the whole inflammatory response to trauma induced by opened abdominal injury and seawater immersion, when a comparison was made with the pure open abdominal injury group. Injuries for the rats in the open abdominal injury combined with seawater immersion group were serious, and the feedback mechanism for NF-κB was not established for quite a long time.     

糖尿病患者超声乳化白内障吸除手术的临床观察

目的:探讨糖尿病患者进行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入手术的临床效果。方法:50例(61只眼)糖尿病患者(设为A组)和同期163例(174只眼)血糖正常患者(设为B组)接受超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入手术。糖尿病患者手术前通过饮食疗法、口服药物或肌注胰岛素治疗,使空腹血糖降到 10mmol/L以下。术后随访 1～28个月(平均 8.6个月),复查视力、裂隙灯及眼底检查。结果:术后矫正视力≥0.5者,A组为77.1%;B组为80.5%。两组经统计学处理差异无显著性(P>0.05)。两组术中出现后囊破裂及术后发生角膜水肿和前房渗出等并发症的差异无显著性(P>0.05 )。结论:糖尿病患者进行超声乳化白内障吸除手术前只要有效控制血糖,其手术效果与对照组患者相同。但术后血糖的控制仍然十分重要。眼科学报2003;19:98-100。     

超声乳化联合小切口硬核白内障摘除的临床观察

目的 探讨贫困地区超声乳化联合小切口硬核白内障摘除联合PMMA人工晶状体植入手术的疗效。方法 对336例(336只眼)Ⅳ级以上核白内障行超声乳化联合小切口晶状体摘除联合PMMA人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1天、3天视力在0．5以上分别为240只眼(71．4％)、265只眼(78．8％)。术中主要并发症为后囊破裂。术后主要并发症为角膜水肿、眼压升高。结论 超声乳化联合小切口晶状体摘除治疗Ⅳ级以上核白内障切口小，术后反应轻，散光小，并且视力恢复快，费用低。手术技巧的提高可避免或减少术中术后并发症。     

~(131)I治疗重度甲状腺肿大并发甲状腺功能亢进症26例分析

<正>甲状腺功能亢进症是由多种原因导致甲状腺功能增强,分泌甲状腺激素过多所致的临床综合征,131I对甲状腺功能亢进症的治愈率远远高于抗甲状腺药物,是国外首选的治疗方     

术中^125I放射性种子源胸内植入在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的应用

目的 探讨术中放射性种子源胸内植入在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的应用方法及适应证。方法 对14例非小细胞肺癌病人采用术中平面植入^125I放射性种子源进行组织间近距放射治疗并总结。结果 14例患者均采用^125I放射性种子源术中．平面植入。术后恢复良好，无术中死亡，随访13～25个月，13例未见局部复发，局部控制率93．0％。未见明显相关并发症发生。结论 术中放射性种子源胸内植入治疗非小细胞肺癌是一安全有效的方法，可有效地改善肿瘤局部控制率，近期疗效满意。     

日本新型急救医疗救援体系的分析与借鉴

日本急救医疗体系比较发达，一般把急救患者分检为I级、II级和III级，再送到相应的医疗机构进行救治。急救医疗从业人员都是专业的人员，能够及时有效地对急救患者进行诊治。现在日本正在进行急救医疗体系的改革，成立了相关委员会并形成一些基础改革，主要是增加急救医疗的投入及专业急救医生的提高。这些对我国急救医疗体系现存的一些问题有一定借鉴意义。     

升主动脉成形术中期效果分析

Objective Reduction ascending aortoplasty is an alternative procdure to the replacement of the ascending aorts in case of ascending aorta dilation. However,its applicabikity is still under debate.This retrospective study was designed to evaluuate the midterm follow-up of unsupported ascending reduction aortoplasty for of the ascending aorta in petients with aortic valve dis- ease.Methods From October ,1996 to April,2007, a total of 54 patients with aortic valve disease and dilatation of the ascending aorta underwent unsupported reduction aortoplasty in combination with aortic valve replacement at our institution The diameter of the ascending aorta was measyred before and early after sugery and then later between 13 and 96 menths [mean (23 ±16)months] posto- perativeiy using echocardiography.Results Two patients were dead with thean overall perioperative mortality rate was of 3.7%. The reduction aortoplasty decreased the diameter of the aorta from (45.77±6.02) mm p～eope～afive]y to (34.67 ～4.81) mm early after surgery (P<0.01). During follow-up, the diameter d aorta increased from (34.67±4.81) mm early after surgery to (37.65± 6.35) mm after a mean follow-up of (23±16) months (P<0.01), including the diameters are greater than > 45 mm within 5 pa- tients. Aortic stenosis and an early postoperative diameter greater than 40 mm m'e independent risk factors for redilatation. Conchusion Because of the unsatisfied midterm follow-up redilation of unsupported reduction aortoplasty for dilation of the ascending aorta with aortic valve disease, this group of patients needs continued intimate fallow-up or even reoperation. The patients of stenosis is the surtable indication for RAA, and it is necessary to reduce the diameter of aorta to be lees than 40 mm to prevent redilation.     

术中局部植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释颗粒治疗大肠癌68例分析

大肠癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一。据报道，在无淋巴结转移的DukesB期患者中，有30％5年内死于局部复发或远处转移，DukesC期术后局部复发率为50％左右。大肠癌术后复发多在吻合口、盆腔内、会阴部等部位，多因为手术未完全清除肉眼没有见到的微小转移灶所致。     

放射性粒子永久植入在保乳治疗中的应用

乳腺癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率逐年上升。世界上每年约有130万人诊断为乳腺癌,而有40万人死于此病[1]。在我国,乳腺癌发病率已经上升为女性恶性肿瘤的第一位或第二位,病死率居第四位或第五位[1]。乳腺癌的早发现、早治疗已成为共识。20世纪80年代以来,微创、保乳治疗技术取得了长足的发展,如射频消融治疗、高强度聚焦超声治疗、冷冻治疗、激光治疗、微波治疗等均是近年来发展较快的治疗乳腺癌的新方法[2]。放射性粒子近距离治疗乳腺癌也是近年来兴起的一项新技术,在乳腺癌的治疗中有其独特之处,尤其在早期乳腺癌的保乳治疗中有较大的优势。1治疗设备及条件1.1放射性核素放射性粒子植入根据植入时间分为短暂植入和永久性植入两种。短暂植入治疗使用的放射源主要为初始剂量率高的核素,如192Ir,60Co,137Cs,198Au,高活度125I,剂量率一般为0.5~0.7Gy/h。短暂植入治疗使用的核素由于释放高能量,临床应用应注意防护。永久植入治疗使用的放射源为初始剂量率低的核素,如125I,103Pd,剂量率一般为0.05~0.1Gy/h。这些核素由于释放的能量低,穿透力弱,临床操作易于防护,对医护人员的损伤很小[3,4]...