北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。     

How different health literacy dimensions influences health and well‐being among men and women: The mediating role of health behaviours

BackgroundHealth literacy, the ability to access, understand, evaluate and apply health information, was found to contribute to positive health outcomes, possibly via promoting healthy behaviours. However, the specific pathways linking different health literacy skills to health and well‐being have remained unclear.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with structural questionnaires was administered among 2236 adults in Hong Kong (mean age = 46.10 ± 19.05). Health literacy was measured by HLS‐Asian‐47. Participants'' physical conditions and subjective well‐being were predicted by health literacy and health behaviours with structural modelling path analysis.ResultsHealth literacy in finding and understanding information showed a direct effect on enhancing physical health, while applying information capacity had an indirect positive effect via promoting health behaviours, which was moderated by sex. Only among women, this indirect effect predicting fewer physical symptoms and better well‐being was significant.ConclusionsDifferent health literacy dimensions showed distinct direct and indirect pathways in influencing health for men and women. Based on the findings, skill trainings should be developed to enhance both gender''s abilities of finding and understanding health information, while the ability of applying health information should also be improved for modifying lifestyle and promoting health, particularly for women.Patient or Public ContributionTwo thousand and two hundred thirty‐six adults from different districts of Hong Kong participated in the study, and responded to questions on health literacy, behaviours and health status.     

高技术条件下战场救治的特点及医德要求

高技术条件下战争的特殊性给战场救治带来了新的挑战。通过分析高技术条件下的战场救治的特点,提出了要圆满完成战场救治任务,军队医务人员必须承担的医德责任和应具备的身心素质。     

养血口服液提取工艺的研究

目的：优选养血口服液提取工艺。方法：以干膏收率和总黄酮的含量为指标,采用正交试验法对养血口服液提取工艺进行研究。结果：确定最佳工艺条件为：水煎煮2次,第一次加10倍量水,煎煮1．5小时;第二次加8倍量水煎1,所得煎煮液浓缩至1ml,含1g生药,醇沉浓度为70％。结论：本法可用于养血口服液的生产。     

海南省学生身体素质研究报告

目的 调查研究海南省学生身体素质状况。方法 按《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究实施方案》所规定的测试方法和统计分析要求进行。结果 海南省学生身体素质六项指标基本随年龄增大而提高;男性学生、乡村学生、汉族学生大部分素质指标分别高于女性学生、城市学生及黎族学生;海南省学生1995年身体素质水平比1991年稍有下降。结论 应进一步加强我省学校尤其是少数民族地区学校的体育卫生工作。     

解脲支原体的生长条件研究

目的　探讨解脲支原体 (Uu)在液体培养基中的最佳营养条件和在固体培养基上形成菌落的最佳气体条件。方法　采用不同的pH值、不同的酵母及小牛血清含量配制解脲支原体培养基 ,将法国Merieum生产的培养基作对比研究。结果　解脲支原体生长最适pH值为 6.0～ 6.5 ;10 %酵母提取液、10 %小牛血清能加速解脲支原体的生长 ,90 %N2 、5 %～ 10 %CO2 能促进解脲支原体菌落生长。结论　本研究为改进解脲支原体的培养质量、开发高效的支原体培养基及药敏检测板提供实验依据     

How people of African Caribbean or Irish ethnicity cope with long-term health conditions in UK community settings: A systematic review of qualitative,quantitative and mixed method studies

Living with a chronic or mental health condition can be challenging and requires considerable adjustment. As ways of coping are culturally influenced, it is important to understand how minority ethnic populations cope, to inform appropriate services. This review aimed to explore the coping strategies used by UK residents from an African Caribbean or Irish background between 1960 and 2020. A systematic literature search on strategies used to cope with chronic health conditions in both populations living in the United Kingdom identified 26 relevant studies. Data were extracted, quality of papers was appraised and critical interpretive synthesis was applied. Two major foci of the studies were coping strategies and barriers to coping. The main coping strategies were denial/scepticism, self-management, spirituality and religion. Within each population, there was variation in ways of coping. The review highlights the complex role of religion in influencing coping strategies. It demonstrates how personal and minority ethnic populations’ experiences of service use are connected with stigma, fear and mistrust, which also act as barriers to seeking help and to coping. Coping with a chronic or mental health condition in the Irish and African Caribbean populations is under-researched. Stigma, fear and mistrust in services act as key barriers to help-seeking and religion is a prominent coping strategy. However, few detailed examples were given on how it was used to assist individuals when managing a chronic or mental health condition. Also due to a lack of research, firm conclusions cannot be drawn for the Irish population.     

卫生健康标准编制说明编写的探讨

根据《卫生健康标准起草和审查管理规定》中对编制说明的要求,分析探讨卫生健康标准编制说明各部分内容的编写及注意事项,提出编写建议,为卫生健康标准编制说明的编写提供借鉴和参考。卫生健康标准编制说明应完整体现标准编制全过程,并与标准文本对应一致。各部分内容的编写应详略得当;与国内相关文件和其他标准的关系分析,应尽可能全面列出现有文件和标准;与国际标准的对比分析,根据不同的采标情况按不同的要求论述;主要技术内容依据应重点论述,技术指标确定依据应充分详实、叙述清楚。应重视卫生健康标准编制说明的编写,与标准文本等同对待,发挥编制说明的重要作用。     

外周血淋巴细胞染色体、微核和转化率检查制片技术探讨

目的 探索淋巴细胞检查的制片技术,提高检查质量和效率。方法 以某一无放射接触史者外周静脉血为对照组,以同一人外周静脉血通过剂量率为1.002 Gy/min、剂量为2.8 Gy的⁶⁰Coγ射线辐照后为试验组。37℃孵箱培养淋巴细胞48 h后加入秋水仙素,再培养20 h;将培养液分成低渗与非低渗,预固定,再将二者混合、提纯、制片、染色、分析。用相同标本行标准方法实验。结果 改进方法与标准方法比较,试验组的染色体异常率分别为75.8%和74.0%,对照组的染色体异常率均为0。试验组的微核细胞率分别为7.8‰和7.2‰,对照组的微核细胞率分别为1.2‰和1.4‰;试验组的淋巴细胞转化率分别为43.6%和43.2%,对照组的淋巴细胞转化率分别为65.4%和66.2%。结论 改进方法和标准方法对外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、微核细胞率和淋巴细胞转化率检测无统计学差异,而改进方法使制片时程缩短,同时也节约了试剂耗材,提高了制片质量,检测项目在一张玻片上完成,缩短了观察时间,提高了报告效率。     

Mental Health of Mothers of Children with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Appraisal as a Mediator

Examined direct and mediated relations between condition parametersand maternal mental health for 53 mothers of 2- to 11-year-oldchildren with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Multivariateanalyses revealed that when considered simultaneously, indicesof both biological severity and functional severity were associatedsignificantly with maternal mental health. Further, mother'sappraisals of the impact of the child's illness on the familypartially mediated the effects of medication type and child'sfunctional status on mother's mental health. Results providesupport for conceptual models that emphasize the cognitive mechanismsby which condition parameters such as biological and functionalseverity might affect maternal mental health. Explicating theprocesses by which a child's JRA might lead to psychologicaladjustment problems in the parent has implications for developingpreventive and treatment interventions.