瑞芬太尼与舒芬太尼对老年腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围术期血流动力学影响的比较研究

目的探讨瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼对行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年患者围术期f血流动力学的影响。方法选取2019年9月一2020年6月在北部战区总医院行直肠病根治术的老年患者40例,随机分为I组和II组.各20例。I组给予七氟烷联合瑞芬太尼麻醉,II组给予七氟烷联合舒芬太尼麻醉。观察比较两组围术期各时间点脑电双频指数.血压、心率,以及麻醉恢复期情况。结果两组气腹后血压和心率均升高,I组气腹后5minf血压高于II组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拔除气管导管后5 min两组血压和心率均较术前升高,而且I组血压和心率均较II组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不同时间点脑电双频指数值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。I组自主呼吸恢复时间与拔管时间均较I组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组气腹前后呼气末二氧化碳分压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼均能满足行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者的麻醉要求,而且舒芬太尼对患者围术期血流动力学的影响较小,更有利于老年患者术中麻醉的维持与术后恢复。     

医院感染防控绩效评价体系构建研究

目的建立契合医院感染防控实际的绩效评价体系,用于科学评价医院感染防控工作。方法应用头脑风暴法、文献荟萃法等建立指标池,通过咨询专家组完成指标的筛选、层次构建、评价和权重计算。结果成功构建医院感染防控绩效评价体系,包含一级指标3个、二级指标17个、三级指标27个。咨询信度Cronbach's α系数为0.901,内容效度指数为 0.800～1.000。结论构建的医院感染防控绩效评价体系可对医院感染管理工作进行科学、客观地评价。     

基于CIPP评价模式构建高校护理学教师教学能力评价指标体系

目的构建高校护理学教师教学能力评价指标体系。 方法通过文献回顾、质性访谈、专家会议等方法,基于CIPP初步构建指标条目池,采用德尔菲法进行两轮咨询确定最终指标体系。 采用Epidata 3.0 录入数据,使用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析。结果两轮咨询问卷有效回收率分别为90%、100%,提出建议专家比率分别为83.33%、16.67%;两轮咨询专家权威系数均为0.892;一级、二级指标第一轮咨询协调系数分别为0.216、0.215,第二轮协调系数分别为0.262、0.279。高校护理学教师教学能力评价指标体系包含4个一级指标和30个二级指标。结论基于CIPP评价模式构建的高校护理学教师教学能力评价指标体系科学性较强,有利于综合评价高校护理学教师教学能力,促进教师提升教学能力。     

Can the Multidimensional Prognostic Index Improve the Identification of Older Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Likely to Benefit from Mechanical Ventilation? An Observational,Prospective, Multicenter Study

ObjectiveData on prognostic tools for indicating mechanical ventilation in older people with COVID-19 are still limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), may help physicians in identifying older hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 who might benefit from mechanical ventilation.DesignLongitudinal, multicenter study.Settings and Participants502 older people hospitalized for COVID-19 in 10 European hospitals.MethodsMPI was calculated using 8 different domains typical of the CGA. A propensity score, Cox's regression analysis was used for assessing the impact of mechanical ventilation on rehospitalization/mortality for 90 days' follow-up, stratified by MPI = 0.50. The accuracy of MPI in predicting negative outcomes (ie, rehospitalization/mortality) was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), and the discrimination with several indexes like the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI).ResultsAmong 502 older people hospitalized for COVID-19 (mean age: 80 years), 152 were treated with mechanical ventilation. In the propensity score analysis, during the 90-day follow-up period, there were 44 rehospitalizations and 95 deaths. Mechanical ventilation in patients with MPI values ≥ 0.50, indicating frailer participants, was associated with a higher risk of rehospitalization/mortality (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.09-2.23), whereas in participants with MPI values < 0.50 this association was not significant. The accuracy of the model including age, sex, respiratory parameters, and MPI was good (AUC = 0.783) as confirmed by an NRI of 0.2756 (P < .001) and an IDI of 0.1858 (P < .001), suggesting a good discrimination of the model in predicting negative outcomes.Conclusions and ImplicationsMPI could be useful for better individualizing older people hospitalized by COVID-19 who could benefit from mechanical ventilation.     

Diet Quality as Measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Risk

BackgroundAlcohol and tobacco are the major risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer, but diet is likely to have a role, too.ObjectiveThe objective was to analyze the relationship between adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. Moreover, this work aimed to quantify the number of avoidable cases under different scenarios of increased adherence to the DGA, with the use of the potential impact fraction. This estimates the proportion of cases that would occur if the distribution of the risk factor in the population followed an alternative distribution.DesignA multicenter, case–control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2009. Participants’ usual diet for the 2 years preceding study enrolment was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.Participants and settingCases were 946 patients admitted to major hospitals with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer. Controls were 2,492 patients admitted to the same hospitals for acute non neoplastic conditions.Main outcome measuresThe adherence to the DGA was assessed using the HEI-2015 score (range = 0 to 100), based on 13 components. The outcome was oral and pharyngeal cancer.Statistical analyses performedOdds ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for tobacco, alcohol, and other relevant covariates. The potential impact fraction was estimated under different scenarios of adherence to the DGA.ResultsIn this Italian population the HEI-2015 score ranged from 33.4 to 97.5. A higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, with an odds ratio of 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79) for a 10-point increment of the score. The estimated potential impact fraction was 64.8% under the maximum achievable reduction scenario, and it ranged from 9% to 27% following other more feasible scenarios.ConclusionsThe HEI-2015 score was inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer risk in this Italian population. This analysis allowed for the estimation of the fraction of preventable cases, under different feasible scenarios. A share of 9% to 27% of avoidable cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer might be obtained across real-world scenarios of adherence to the DGA as measured by the HEI-2015 score.     

Incorporating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Vegetable Recommendations into the Diet Alters Dietary Intake Patterns of Other Foods and Improves Diet Quality in Adults with Overweight and Obesity

BackgroundUnderstanding how vegetables are incorporated into the diet, especially in the types and amounts recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and how this alters dietary intake patterns is vital for developing targeted behavior change interventions.ObjectiveTo determine how a provision of vegetables was incorporated into the diet of adults with overweight and obesity; whether or not the provided vegetables displaced other foods; and what, if any, effect this had on diet quality and body weight and composition.DesignThis study investigated secondary outcomes from the Motivating Value of Vegetables Study, a community-based, randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group using a one to one allocation ratio.Participants/settingMen and women with self-reported low vegetable consumption, aged 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥25 were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, between October 2015 and September 2017. Only participants randomized to the provided vegetable intervention group (n = 51; attrition = 8%) were included in this secondary analysis.InterventionDietary Guidelines for Americans recommended types and amounts of vegetables were provided weekly for 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresHow the provided vegetables were incorporated into the diet was measured using daily self-report and 24-hour dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed via the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Body weight and composition were measured before and after the intervention.Statistical analyses performedData were assessed using generalized linear mixed models where phase (pre, post) was the within-subject factor and subject was the random effect.ResultsParticipants self-reported using 29% of the provided vegetables as substitutes for other foods. With the increase in vegetable consumption, there were decreases in total grains (mean difference ± standard deviation; –0.97 ± 3.23 oz-equivalents; P = 0.02), protein foods (–1.24 ± 3.86 oz-equivalents; P = 0.01), saturated fats (–6.44 ± 19.63 g; P = 0.02), and added sugars (–2.44 ± 6.78 tsp-equivalents; P = 0.02) consumed. Total Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores increased (+4.48 ± 9.63; P = 0.001) and dietary energy density decreased (–0.44 ± 0.52 kcal/g; P < 0.0001). There was no change in total energy intake or body weight and composition.ConclusionsIncreasing vegetable consumption to meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations alters dietary intake patterns, improving diet quality and energy density. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing how individuals incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations into their diet.     

老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系的构建

目的应用德尔菲法建立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系,为针对性提高慢性病的综合管理效果提供依据。方法基于前期课题组建立的老年人健康评估量表的框架,通过文献研究,结合心血管病患者特点,初步确立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。选取专业相关领域的22位专家,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询,根据咨询结果及专家意见调整指标体系。使用SPSS 20.0软件计算各指标的重要性、可操作性和敏感性评分,并应用Yaahp10.0层次分析软件计算各指标权重。结果本研究中完成两轮咨询的专家共20位,两轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为90.9%和100%;两轮咨询专家总平均权威系数分别为0.808及0.856;第1轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.260、0.218和0.231,第2轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.345、0.377和0.405,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过两轮专家咨询后最终建立包含5个一级指标、25个二级指标、37个三级指标的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。结论通过德尔菲法构建的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系可靠、客观,可用于老年心血管病患者综合健康评估,有助于对慢性病患者进行精准化健康管理。     

核辐射损伤患者院内护理救治能力量表的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制核辐射损伤患者院内护理救治能力量表,为提高护士的核辐射损伤患者护理能力提供评价依据。方法 采用文献查阅、组织访谈和专家咨询编制量表方法,随机选取某三甲医院330名临床护士作为研究对象,发放量表,进行条目分析及信效度检验。结果 本量表共分为核辐射损伤基础知识、专科装备使用能力、专科病区管理能力、基础护理能力、专科护理能力、自我能力认可6个维度,51个条目。探索性因子分析后,共分为6个主成分,累计解释方差为70.757%。验证性因子分析的χ²、df、χ²/df、CFI、IFI、TLI、NFI、PNFI、PCFI、RMSEA拟合指标均可接受。Cronbach’s α系数为0.976,重测信度为0.823。全体一致S-CVI（S-CVI/UA）为0.84,评价内容效度S-CVI（S-CVI/Ave）为0.98,条目水平内容效度I-CVI为0.78～1.00;结论 本量表的条目及维度设置经检验,各项指标符合要求,信效度检验结果良好,可作为核辐射损伤患者院内护理能力初步评价量表。     

湛江民航机场白纹伊蚊幼虫季节性消长调查

目的:了解湛江民航机场白纹伊蚊幼虫季节消长情况,为防止登革热等蚊媒传染病传播提供依据。方法:用容器指数法。结果:共捕获白纹伊蚊幼虫536条,平均密度为3条每/勺;季节消长以5月为最高峰(容器指数为30％),9月出现一小高峰(容器指数为21％),最低为8月(容器指数为6％)。每季度均有一个月的空器指数高达或超过20％。一年四季都有白纹伊蚊生长繁殖。结论:湛江民航机场所属范围可能有登革热等蚊媒传染病传播的潜在危险。