踝关节X线片分析与临床应用

目的测量正常成人踝关节X线片的有关数据,提高踝关节损伤诊断的准确率,以利于早期治疗、提高疗效。方法40例正常踝关节X线片,测量踝关节间隙内侧宽度、上方胫距关节间隙宽度、距骨外侧与外踝胫侧骨重叠影宽度、侧位片距骨与胫骨之间的宽度、下胫腓联合的宽度、胫骨外侧与腓骨胫侧构成重叠的宽度共六组数据。结果踝穴内侧宽度平均(3.8±0.5)mm,正位距胫关节宽度为(3.0±0.5)mm,距骨外侧与外踝的重叠影为(4.1±2.2)mm,侧位片中距骨与胫骨的间隙为(2.8±0.5)mm,下胫腓联合宽为(3.2±0.7)mm,胫骨外侧与腓骨胫侧重叠影宽平均为(7.7±1.9)mm。结论综合分析各组正常值,结合其它骨折改变,超过正常值范围是距骨脱位移位下胫腓联合分离的依据。多组数据改变可提高早期诊断准确率。     

Ipsilateral mid-third clavicle fracture with grade V acromioclavicular joint dislocation

We report the case of a 20-year-old man with an ipsilateral mid-third clavicle fracture with grade V acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation. The combination of these two injuries is rare. A literature search produced various treatment algorithms. In this case, the patient was successfully treated with a Bosworth screw.This work was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, UK     

AO跟骨板在Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的临床应用

目的 评价AO跟骨板治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的疗效。方法 21例29足严重跟骨骨折按Sanders分型：Ⅲ型18足；Ⅳ型11足，采用AO跟骨板及髂骨(或人工骨)植骨进行有限坚强内固定。对年老、骨质疏松严重的Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型跟骨骨折后距下关节不能达到解剖复位，整复跟骨外形后，AO跟骨板固定，同时一期行距下关节融合术。结果 按Maryland足部评分系统评价术后功能，本组29足Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折行AO跟骨板固定总体优良率为82．8％。结论 AO跟骨板治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折疗效肯定，术后早期功能练习．减少骨折并发症，是一种治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的理想方法。     

Biology and Biomechanics in Osteosynthesis of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Abstract Surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures still remains a challenge. This is primarily due to the fact that sufficient implant fixation in humeral head fractures is often not achieved due to substantial bone tissue loss with increasing age. In the last few years the locking plates and locking nails have been introduced into clinical practice with varying results. The biomechanical studies have focused on locking plate osteosynthesis as well. The following paper focuses on bone quality, biomechanical studies and biology of proper osteosynthesis and reviews the most recent literature.     

可吸收螺钉与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折应用选择比较

[目的]比较可吸收螺钉与传统克氏针张力带钢丝治疗髌骨骨折的有关问题,探讨可吸收螺钉在髌骨骨折治疗中的价值。[方法]采用聚-DL-乳酸(poly-DL-lacticacid,PDLLA)自膨胀可吸收螺钉治疗髌骨骨折组94例,男53例,女41例;平均40.5岁,平均随访时间32周。传统克氏针张力带钢丝组90例,男47例,女43例;平均38.5岁,平均随访时间30周。2组比较采用成组设计t检验。比较术后2组骨折临床愈合时间,8周时膝关节屈曲角度、与健侧相比关节活动丧失角度,2组手术时间,一次性住院费用和并发症等问题。[结果]通过随访,可吸收螺钉组临床愈合时间平均(10±2.0)周,术后8周膝关节屈曲角度平均为115°±10°、与健侧相比关节活动丧失10°±6.8°,手术时间平均60 min,无1例并发症;传统克氏针张力带钢丝组临床愈合时间(12±2.0)周,术后8周膝关节屈曲角度平均105°±8°、与健侧相比关节活动丧失15°±6°,手术时间平均55 min、一次住院费用平均9 430±1 000元,其中6例克氏针滑出并针眼感染、2例克氏针钢丝断裂、3例再次手术见张力带钢丝松动骨折移位愈合、1例髌骨骨质受损行石膏托固定。[结论]PDLLA自膨胀可吸收螺钉治疗髌骨骨折相比克氏针张力带钢丝法,具有髌骨周围软组织刺激症状少、内固定更稳定的优点。临床愈合时间相对较短,关节功能恢复更理想,病程中住院费用低,无并发症,且无需2次取出内固定,是一种值得推广和进一步探讨的方法。     

Postmenopausal Women With Colles'' Fracture Have Lower Values of Bone Mineral Density Than Controls as Measured by Quantitative Ultrasound and Densitometry

Measurement of ultrasonographic parameters provides information concerning not only bone density but also bone architecture. We investigated the usefulness of ultrasonographic parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) to evaluate the probability of Colles' fracture. Two-hundred eighty-nine postmenopausal women (62.3 +/- 8.7 yr) with (n = 76) and without (n = 213) Colles' fracture were studied. BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur was evaluated in all women by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness in the calcaneus were measured by a Sahara ultrasonometer (Hologic). Patients suffering from Colles' fracture had lower values of BMD adjusted by height at the lumbar spine, L2-L4 (0.797 g/cm2 vs 0.860 g/cm2), femoral neck (0.685 g/cm2 vs 0.712 g/cm2 ), SOS (1518 m/sg vs 1525 m/sg), and stiffness (74.6 vs 77.7) (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, BUA values were similar in both groups. After stepwise logistic regression analysis, the area found under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.60 for L2L4 and 0.63 for a formula combining L2L4 and height. Our data suggest that patients suffering from Colles' fracture have lower values of BMD by DXA, SOS, and stiffness. However, the ability of these techniques to discriminate is low because the values for the area under ROC curve are 0.60 for L2-L4 and 0.63 for a formula derived of the combination of L2-L4 and height.     

改良术式综合治疗陈旧性髌骨骨折

目的探讨陈旧性髌骨骨折的治疗方法。方法对11例陈旧性髌骨骨折进行回顾性总结,采用保留髌骨,切开复位,松解粘连,改良张力带钢丝或/和聚髌器坚强的内固定,术后配合CPM机康复锻炼。结果11例全部随访,随访0.5～4.5年,根据胥少汀等制定的评定标准,优4例,良5例,优良率81.8%。结论不做髌骨切除,松解粘连、良好的对位,坚强的内固定,早期配合应用CPM机进行功能锻炼,可取得满意的疗效。     

Adhesive fragment reattachment after orthodontic extrusion: a case report

Abstract –  In the treatment of crown fractures, adhesive fragment reattachment provides a good alternative to other restorative techniques, offering several advantages. The present paper reports a case in which the treatment of a cervical crown fracture was accomplished by reattaching the tooth fragment with a flowable resin composite. Orthodontic root extrusion was performed with a modified Hawley appliance prior to fragment reattachment. The clinical and radiographic results after 2.5 years were successful.     

69例骨不连原因分析及手术治疗

本文报道手术治疗骨折不愈69例,根据骨折部位、关节功能、身体状况,采用了8种不同手术方法治疗,术后随访2～8年,治愈率96％。作者对骨折不愈合原因、手术方式的选择和并发症的处理进行讨论,提出了相应的预防措施。     

改良哈氏棒治疗胸腰段脊柱不稳定骨折

本文报告了作者研制的改良哈氏棒治疗胸腰段脊柱不稳定骨折的临床效果。１９９１年１月～１９９４年１０月，治疗２６例，伤椎椎体前缘高度从４１．９１％，恢复至９５．５７％，椎体后缘高度从８１．０３％恢复至１００％，后凸畸形（Ｃｏｂｂ氏法）从２６°恢复至５°，有５例恢复前凸８°～１０°，神经功能恢复１．８级（Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ分级）。作者认为回复生理前凸的纵轴上纵向撑开力，更有助于胸腰段脊柱骨折的解剖复位。