中药大黄在神经外科应用研究进展

大黄是一味应用广泛的传统中药,大黄具有多种有效成分和广泛的药理作用,应用于临床多种危重病症的抢救治疗。研究表明,大黄具有多重脑保护作用。中药大黄对重型颅脑损伤具有多靶点治疗作用。可以防止消化道出血:减轻脑组织继发损伤;协同降低颅内压,减轻脑水肿;减少并发症,从而提高颅脑损伤救治效果。     

对轻度认知障碍预警及干预的临床意义

目的探讨在社区以低成本对具有轻度认知障碍的人群进行系统干预进而判定其临床意义。方法建立对轻度认知障碍人群的干预模型,对具有轻度认知障碍的人群进行干预对照。结果两组疗效比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。讨论对轻度认知障碍的人群进行干预,是可以改变部分患者的病程及预后的,临床意义是明确的。     

中西医结合治疗抽动秽语综合征30例

目的：观察中西医结合治疗抽动秽语综合征的疗效。方法：采用中医辨治结合西医常规治疗。结果：30例中，痊愈28例，好转2例，总有效率100％。结论：中西医结合治疗抽动秽语综合征疗效好，值得临床推广。     

电离辐射对Beclin1过表达和低表达MCF-7细胞模型细胞自噬和凋亡的影响及其调控机制

目的:建立Beclin 1过表达和低表达MCF-7细胞模型,检测4 Gy照射后细胞自噬和凋亡的变化,探讨Beclin 1的分子调控作用机制。方法:实验分为MCF-7组、MCF-7+4Gy组、MCF-7-Beclin1+4Gy组和MCF-7-Belin1 RNAi+4Gy组。利用分子生物学方法构建Beclin 1过表达载体pcDNA3.1-Beclin 1,并建立Beclin 1过表达和低表达细胞模型。细胞经4 Gy照射后,采用MDC染色荧光显微镜观察自噬细胞百分比,AnnexinⅤ-FITC和PI染色流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞百分比,Western blotting法检测Beclin 1、P53、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果:与MCF-7组比较,MCF-7+4 Gy组、MCF-7-Beclin 1+4 Gy组和MCF-7-Beclin 1 RNAi+4 Gy组自噬和凋亡细胞百分比均明显升高(P<0.05 或 P<0.01),以MCF-7-Beclin 1+4 Gy组升高最明显,且高于MCF-7+4 Gy组 (P<0.05);各组坏死细胞百分比无明显差异。4 Gy照射后,MCF-7组和MCF-7-Beclin 1组细胞中Beclin 1、P53和Bax蛋白表达水平均升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低,且以MCF-7-Beclin 1组最为明显。结论:成功建立Beclin 1过表达和低表达MCF-7细胞模型,电离辐射能够诱导其细胞自噬和凋亡,且对Beclin 1过表达细胞作用更明显。Beclin1通过激活P53,进而抑制Bcl-2和激活Bax,从而形成以P53为中心的自噬与凋亡分子调控机制。     

Hyperbaric medicine part I: theory and practice

Hyperbaric therapy has been recognized as a therapeutic treatment for over 100 years. Hyperbaric oxygen was first used to treat disease processes over 50 years ago. The relationship between volume and pressure incorporated in Boyle's law and the supersaturation of tissues by oxygen under pressure form the basis of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Although having many advantages, there are potentially serious side-effects including barotrauma, oxygen toxicity, visual disturbances and psychological problems, particularly claustrophobia. Many indications have been proposed but the evidence for some is scanty. Contraindications include certain respiratory conditions e.g. pneumothorax, high fevers, pregnancy, a history of seizures, optic neuritis, middle ear pathology and treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents. It is also not suitable for patients who may be agitated or unco-operative and these individuals often require treatment under general anaesthesia.     

Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme deficiency: serial neurophysiological examinations of a case

We report on a case of 21-month-old girl with peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme deficiency, which was diagnosed by means of complementation analysis. Serial neurophysiological examinations were also carried out. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities of the median nerve showed lower borderline values at 3 months of age and were within normal range at 11 months of age. Later, those velocities had gradually decreased. The electrically elicited blink reflex at 3 months of age showed the prolongation of latencies of R1, R2 and R2′ and the interpeak latencies of R1, R2 and R1 -R2′. Furthermore, RI, R2 and R2′ showed prolonged latencies at 11 months of age and were absent at 15 months of age. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) showed, bilaterally, normal latency of wave I, prolonged interpeak latencies of waves I–V. At 11 months of age, waves III and IV–V of ABR were detected, but their amplitude was very low. At the age of 15 months ABR was absent. These results and the following report are valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of neurological symptoms.     

噻托溴铵联合布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗COPD加重期的临床疗效

目的分析噻托溴铵粉吸入剂联合布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)急性加重期的临床疗效。方法选择我院COPD急性加重期患者共70例,数字表法随机分两组,每组35例,对照组的患者给予布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗,观察组在该基础上增加噻托溴铵粉吸入剂。比较两组住院时间、治疗前后患者肺功能指标、血气分析结果、C反应蛋白、总有效率。结果观察组住院时间短于对照组,肺功能一秒末用力呼气容积、最高呼气流量、第一秒用力呼气容积/肺活量高于对照组,治疗后患者血气分析改善、C反应蛋白低于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,P<0.05。结论布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂联合噻托溴铵粉吸入剂对于COPD急性加重期的治疗效果确切。     

基于动态差值法的直流系统绝缘监测技术

针对常用直流系统绝缘监测方法的不足，提出了一种新型直流系统绝缘在线监测方法—动态差值法。即利用两次投切电阻后的电压变化量与漏电流变化量的比值来检测支路接地故障。该方法克服了绝缘监测装置的检测死区，克服了由于传感器零点漂移影响支路绝缘电阻计算的准确性造成的漏报和误报，提高了检测灵敏度和准确性。现场运行表明了此方法的准确与可靠。     

晚期氧化蛋白产物通过活性氧诱导人腹膜间皮细胞TGF-β1的表达

目的探讨晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）诱导体外培养的人腹膜间皮细胞（HPMCs）对转化生长因子（TGF-β1）表达的影响及内源性活性氧（ROS）在此过程中的调节机制。方法体外制备AOPP-HSA模型，原代培养人腹膜间皮细胞。采用ELISA法检测TGF-β1蛋白水平，采用RT-PCR半定量分析HPYCs中TGF-β1 mRNA的基因表达水平，同时应用流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧的水平。结果AOPP-HSA能显著诱导人腹膜间皮细胞TGF-β1的分泌与基因表达，同时增加细胞内ROS的生成，呈时间与剂量依赖关系（P〈0．01），不同浓度的抗氧化剂维生素E和N-乙酰半胱胺酸预处理细胞，可明显地降低细胞内ROS的生成量，同时显著地抑制AOPP-HSA诱导人腹膜间皮细胞TGF-β1的分泌与基因表达，呈剂量依赖关系（P〈0．01），其中维生素E（50μmol／L）组和NAC（10mmol／L）组抑制更加显著。结论体外制备的AOPP可显著诱导人腹膜间皮细胞TGF-β1的分泌与基因表达，部分可能通过内源性ROS介导细胞内信号转导途径调节此过程，抗氧化剂维生素E和N-乙酰半胱胺酸可显著降低细胞ROS的生成量和显著抑制TGF-β1的分泌与基因表达。此研究揭示抗氧化剂在防治腹膜纤维化发生过程也许是一种可行的治疗策略。     

EEG characteristic analysis of coach bus drivers based on brain connectivity as revealed via a graph theoretical network

This study describes the detection of driving fatigue using the characteristics of brain networks in a real driving environment. First, the θ, β and 36–44 Hz rhythm from the EEG signals of drivers were extracted using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The correlation between EEG channels was calculated using a Pearson correlation coefficient and subsequently, the brain networks were built. Furthermore, the clustering coefficient (C) and global efficiency (G) of the complex brain networks were calculated to analyze the functional differences in the brains of drivers over time. Combined with the relative power spectrum ratio (β/θ) of EEG signals and the mean value from questionnaires, the correlation of data characteristics between brain networks and subjective and objective data was analyzed. The results show that changes in the fatigue state of drivers can be effectively detected by calculating the data characteristics of brain networks in a real driving environment.

This study describes the detection of driving fatigue using the characteristics of brain networks in a real driving environment.