严重急性呼吸综合征的肺组织损伤病理改变

目的 观察严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)死亡患者的肺部病变特点。方法 采用光镜、组织特殊染色对3例SARS死亡患者的肺组织进行了重点观察。采用兔抗-Fas、鼠抗-PCNA、鼠抗-CD83、CD4、CD8单克隆抗体，经免疫组织化学法对肺及肺门淋巴结等组织进行了检测。结果 肺脏的外观多呈红色或紫红色，镜下显示不同程度的间质渗出性或漏出性炎症和肺泡损伤，肺泡间隔内单个核细胞浸润，肺泡腔内有透明膜形成及凋亡脱落的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞。一些肺泡毛细血管腔内可见纤维素性血栓形成，支气管动脉腔内有血栓栓塞。增宽的肺泡间隔内有纤维素沉积。3例肺泡腔内未见明显地巨细胞浸润。免疫组织化学检测显示，增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞少见，Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞及肺泡间隔、肺门淋巴结内的单个核细胞有较多的Fas抗原表达；与慢性炎性淋巴结相比，SARS患者的肺门淋巴结内淋巴细胞结构破坏、淋巴细胞稀疏、数量明显减少，但CD83及CD8阳性细胞仍较多见，而CD4阳性淋巴细胞少见。脾脏也可观察到淋巴细胞数量的减少，白髓萎缩，出血坏死，表达CD4的阳性细胞减少。结论 严重的肺组织及免疫系统损伤可能导致SARS患者的死亡。     

Correlation between clinicopathology and expression of heat shock protein 70 and glucose-regulated protein 94 in human colonic adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) in human colonic carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of HSP70 and grp94 was studied in 80 human colonic cancers with or without metastasis as well as in their adjacent mucous membrane by way of immunohistochemistry and pathology photograph analysis. RESULTS: The expression of HSP70 and grp94 was significantly higher in cancer than that in adjacent mucous membrane (92.5%, 85.0% vs 56.3%, 42.5%, P<0.01). HSP70 and grp94 expressed higher in moderately- and poorly-differentiated colonic cancers than that in their adjacent tissues (93.7%, 87.5%; 100%, 90% vs56.3%, 42.5%;P<0.01). Dukes C and D stages of colonic cancers showed higher positive rates than Dukes A and B stage groups (97.1%, 91.2%; 100%, 90.9%; vs 80%, 70%; 78.6%, 71.4%; P<0.05). There were definite differences in HSP70 and grp94 expression between metastasis groups and non-metastasis groups (100% vs 75%, 100% CONCLUSION: The HSP70 and grp94 expression rates in colonic cancer groups are significantly higher than that in their adjacent mucous membrane. The HSP70 and grp94 expression in poorly-differentiated colonic cancers with metastasis is significantly higher than well-differentiated cancers without metastasis. The overexpression of HSP70 and grp94 can be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for colonic cancer.     

急性丙型肝炎患者抗－HCV－IgM检测的临床意义

采用重组ＨＣＶ抗原片段Ｃ２２和３３ｃ包被酶标板孔，以间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，检测４０例输血后急性丙型肝炎患者血清抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ。４０例患者均在起病后４０天内出现抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性，抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性密切相关，抗体阳性持续时间因病程是否转为慢性而不同。２３例自限性急性丙型肝炎（丙肝）患者，在起病后６个月内抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ全部阴转并伴有ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转，而１７例转慢的急性丙肝患者中１５例抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ持续阳性，其ＨＣＶＲＮＡ亦持续阳性或间断阳性。提示急性丙肝检测抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ，可作为抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测的一个补充，在反映病情和判断预后方面有一定作用     

首次和重复经桡动脉冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉无鞘区急慢性损伤的光学相干断层成像比较

目的 利用光学相干断层成像（optical coherence tomography,OCT）对经皮桡动脉冠状动脉介入（transradial intervention,TRI）术后桡动脉无鞘区（non-sheathed radial artery,NSRA）急慢性损伤进行评估。方法 2016年2月至2017年9月有162例患者在OCT指导下完成TRI后对NSRA进行OCT检查,根据患者有无TRI史分为重复TRI组（n=31）和首次TRI组（n=131）,对比两组急性损伤（内膜撕裂、夹层、穿孔、血栓和痉挛）发生率和慢性损伤指标差异,包括内膜面积、管腔狭窄率（percentage of lumen narrowing,% LN）、血管内膜与中膜厚度比值（intima-media ratio,IMR）和内膜厚度指数（intimal thickness index,ITI）。结果 NSRA急性损伤发生率为31.5%,重复TRI组患者NSRA总体急性损伤发生率明显高于首次TRI组（48.4% vs 27.5%,P=0.032）,内膜撕裂（6.5% vs 5.3%,P=1.000）、夹层（9.7% vs 1.5%,P=0.075）、穿孔（3.2% vs 1.5%,P=1.000）、血栓（12.9% vs 6.9%,P=0.457）及痉挛（29.0% vs 16.0%,P=0.094）的发生率两组差异无统计学意义。重复TRI组患者内膜面积（0.59 mm² vs 0.46 mm²,P=0.011）、IMR（0.40 vs 0.28,P=0.001）和ITI（0.27 vs 0.22,P=0.012）明显大于首次TRI组,而% LN差异无统计学意义（31.70% vs 30.81%,P=0.244）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,重复TRI是NSRA急性损伤发生的独立危险因素（OR=2.772,95%CI：1.053~7.301,P=0.039）。结论 TRI术后NSRA急性损伤发生率为31.5%,与首次TRI组相比,重复TRI组NSRA急性损伤发生率更高且慢性内膜增生显著,重复TRI是NSRA急性损伤发生的独立危险因素。     

北京市监狱干警艾滋病职业暴露防护知识调查分析

目的了解北京市监狱干警艾滋病职业暴露相关知识的知晓情况,为今后对监狱干警开展艾滋病职业暴露及防护知识培训提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对108名监狱干警就艾滋病职业暴露相关知识进行调查。按回答题的正确数计算知晓率/%。结果共调查21道艾滋病职业暴露及防护知识题,总体知晓率为70.37%(1 596/2 268);6道暴露后应急处理措施题的正确掌握率为74.85%(485/648)。性别、文化程度、从警时间、职业类别之间的职业暴露及防护知识知晓率有显著性差异。结论应加强监狱干警艾滋病职业暴露防护知识培训,使之掌握正确的暴露后应急处理措施,提高他们对艾滋病的防护意识和自我保护能力,并将教育重点放在一线工作的监管干警。     

神经保护药治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的研究现状

急性缺血性脑卒中的治疗方法主要包括早期溶栓和神经保护治疗。早期溶栓因时间窗限制,只有很少的获益者。神经保护治疗通过阻断缺血级联反应来阻止神经细胞死亡。本文对近年来神经保护药治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的研究进展进行阐述,并讨论其在临床中使用的合理性。     

北京市1～3月龄婴儿睡眠现状及影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市1～3月龄婴儿的睡眠现状并分析睡眠问题的影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,选取2015年12月15日-2016年1月15日在北京城区、近郊、远郊各选取的两家妇幼保健机构进行健康体检的1~3月龄婴儿1 152例,对家长进行调查,内容包括一般情况、养育及家庭环境、睡眠环境、睡眠问题等。用χ²检验和Logistic回归分析进行分析。结果 1 152名婴儿中,与大人同床睡的比例为73.8%,摇晃/拍抱哄睡和含奶头入睡的比例分别为72.9%和59.8%,晚上睡觉开小夜灯的比例为52.0%。入睡困难、睡眠节律紊乱的比例分别是50.3%和60.4%。张口呼吸、打鼾、呼吸暂停的比例分别是33.0%、26.5%、3.5%。婴儿年龄(d)增加(OR=1.013,95%CI:1.002~1.023)、剖宫产(OR=1.509,95%CI:1.101~2.068)、混合喂养(OR=1.401,95%CI:1.036~1.894)、不良睡眠环境(OR=1.602,2.587,2.278,95%CI:1.177~2.180,1.113~6.011,1.217~4.263)、缺乏睡眠仪式(OR=1.611,95%CI:1.198~2.168)、摇晃/拍抱哄睡(OR=3.397,95%CI:2.419~4.768)会增加婴儿入睡困难的风险。结论 北京地区小婴儿不良睡眠行为及睡眠问题较多,亟待改善看护人的睡眠知识。     

造血干细胞移植后输尿管狭窄1例

Ureteral stenosis is a comparatively rare complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The etiology is still unclear and most believe that this may be due to the reactivation of BK virus in a state of immunodeficiency. In the later stages of ureteral stenosis with scarring, invasive interventions must be taken to relieve the hydronephrosis. Common treatments, such as D-J stent placement and permanent nephrostomy may not only entail the risk of infection, but also seriously affect the quality of life. Few cases of surgical intervention have been reported. In this article, a 25-year-old female was admitted to Peking University First Hospital suffering from recurrent flank pain. Seven years before, she developed hemorrhagic cystitis and bilateral urethritis 40 days after allogeneic HSCT. After continuous bladder irrigation and antiviral therapy, the left-sided hydronephrosis gradually alleviated while the right-sided one did not improve. D-J stents were used for urine drainage for 7 years before percuta-neous nephrostomy. Preoperative antegrade pyelography revealed significant hydronephrosis in the right kidney with long stricture of proximal-middle ureter. After comprehensive decision, she underwent ileal ureter replacement. The operation was successful. The segmental lesion was dissected and the scar tissue was removed. A 25 cm intestinal tube was isolated to connect the pelvis and bladder. An anti-reflux nipple was created at the distal end of ileal ureter to prevent the potential infection. The blood loss was minimal. After surgery, the drainage tube was removed in 2 weeks, the nephrostomy tube and the D-J stent was removed in 3 months. Follow-up mainly included clinical assessment, serologic testing, renal ultrasonography, blood gas analysis and radiological examination. During the follow-up of 6 years, she was symptom-free and no postoperative complications occurred. The serum creatinine level was stable. No hydronephrosis was observed under ultrasonography. Obvious peristaltic waves and ureteral jets of the ileal ureter was confirmed on cine magnetic resonance urography. To sum up, ureteral stenosis after HSCT is relatively rare. Obstruction caused by scarring is usually irreversible and surgical intervention should be designed according to the location and length of the lesion. Ileal ureter replacement can be a safe, feasible and effective method to solve this kind of complex stricture.     

膜联蛋白A1、sd-LDL、Angptl2与冠心病及对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度的诊断价值

目的探讨膜联蛋白A1(AnxA1)、小而密低密度脂蛋白(sd-LDL)、血管生成素样蛋白2(Angptl2)与冠心病(CHD)病变程度的关系及对冠状动脉粥样硬化严重病变的诊断价值。方法选取本院2017年8月至2019年8月102例CHD患者作为研究对象。比较不同临床特征患者血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2水平,Pearson相关性分析各血清因子与Gensini评分、冠状动脉病变支数相关性,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2对冠状动脉粥样硬化严重病变的诊断价值。结果不同疾病类型、Gensini评分、冠状动脉病变支数患者血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2水平存在显著差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2与Gensini评分呈正相关(P<0.05);血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2与冠状动脉病变支数呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清AnxA1诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化严重病变的Roc曲线下的面积(AUC)值为0.791,大于血清sd-LDL、Angptl2;血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2联合诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化严重病变的AUC值为0.895。结论CHD患者存在血清AnxA1、sd-LDL、Angptl2异常表达情况,且与冠脉病变严重程度关系密切,3者联合检测在CHD患者冠脉严重病变诊断中价值最高,可为临床诊断、完善治疗方案提供数据参考。     

益气凉血解毒类中药对拉米夫定诱发乙肝病毒YMDD变异的干预作用

目的:观察益气凉血解毒类中药对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎抗病毒治疗及其耐药株发生率的影响.方法:选择慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者138例,随机分为3组.分别予以口服拉米夫定、拉米夫加益气凉血解毒类中药和单纯益气凉血解毒类中药治疗,疗程均为12个月,分别观察肝功能、HBVM指标、HBV-DNA、YMDD和临床症状的变化.结果:3组在治疗后临床症状均明显改善,ALT、AST、HBV.DNA均降低,有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后3组间各指标无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:益气凉血解毒类中药可以对拉米夫定诱发的乙型肝炎病毒YMDD变异起列明显的抑制作用,且对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎有明显疗效.