急性丙型肝炎患者抗—HCV—IgM检测的临床意义

采用重组ＨＣＶ抗原片段Ｃ２２和３３Ｃ包被酶标板孔，以间接ＥＬＳＩＡ方法，检测４０例输血后急性丙型肝炎患者血清抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ。４０例患者均在起病后４０天内出现抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性，抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性与ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ阳性密切相关，抗体阳性持续时间因病程是否转为慢性而不同。２３例自限性急性丙型肝炎（丙肝）患者，在起病后６个月内抗－ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ全部阴转并伴有ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ阴转，而１７例转慢的急     

检测慢性丙型肝炎患者抗－HCVIgM的临床意义

对８２例输血后慢性丙型肝炎病人丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）ＩｇＭ动态变化进行观察，８２例患者均检测到抗－ＨＣＶ抗体，其中５１例抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ阳性。抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ出现规律表现为４种类型：（１）持续检出型２４例（２９．２７％）；（２）间断检出型８例（９．７６％）；（３）短暂检出型１９例（２３．１７％）；（４）阴性型３１例（３７．８０％）。将８２例输血后慢性丙型肝炎抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ出现类型与丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ消长情况比较，发现阴性型具有较低的ＡＬＴ峰值，而其它３型ＡＬＴ峰值较高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。８例经干扰素治疗的慢性活动性丙型肝炎患者，治疗前均有ＡＬＴ明显异常及ＨＣＶＲＮＡ、抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ阳性，治疗后１～３个月ＡＬＴ均转为正常，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转为阴性，但其中只有３例伴抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ的阴转，随访１年发现，只有抗，ＨＣＶＩｇＭ阴转的３例病人得以痊愈，其余５例均在治疗后半年内病情复发。提示治疗中伴有抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ阴转的患者预后良好。     

丙型肝炎患者血清和外周血单个核细胞中HCV RNA检测及意义

目的 了解丙肝患者血清和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ存在情况及有其临床意义，方法 应用套式ＰＣＲ检测４６例急性丙型肝炎（丙型肝炎以下简称丙肝）和４２例慢性丙型肝炎患者血清和ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。结果 慢性丙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检出率显著高于急性丙型患者（Ｐ〈０．００１），急，慢性丙型肝患者血清和慢性丙肝患者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ检出率显著高于ＡＬＴ正常的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性     

丙肝患者血清抗一HCV IgM与HCV RNA的比较

丙肝患者血清抗一ＨＣＶＩｇＭ与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的比较雷周云，逯好英，韩凤连，施红，陆江春丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染后血清ＩｇＭ抗－ＨＣＶ抗体（抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ）及ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测结果对丙型肝炎早期诊断、肝病的活动及病毒复制的判断都具有一定的意义。我们对住...     

联检C100－3抗体、第2代抗体与HCV RNA诊断丙型肝炎的比较

对江苏省南通市不同人群７７０例份血清联合检测Ｃ１００－３抗体和第２代抗体，并对其中抗－ＨＣＶ阳性和非甲非乙型肝炎患者用多聚酶链反应（ＲＣＲ）法检测了ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。在８９例急性肝炎中。检出的１４例急性丙型肝炎（丙肝）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ全数阳性，第２代抗体２例阳性，Ｃ１００－３抗体均阴性。慢性肝炎及肝炎后肝硬化２３０例共检出ＨＣＶ感染２４例（１０．４％），４５１例献血员检出丙肝３例（０．７％），以上两组患者３项标记阳性率相近。在检出的４２例ＨＣＶ感染中，仅１４例有输血史。比较３项标记，ＰＣＲ法检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ最灵敏，对急性丙肝尤有诊断价值，并能直接反映ＨＣＶ复制；抗－ＨＣＶ可用于慢性ＨＣＶ感染的检测，第２代抗体优于Ｃ１００－３抗体。     

丙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血单核细胞中HCV—RNA的存在及其意义

作者用套式ＰＣＲ检测２５例丙型病毒性肝炎（丙肝）患者血清和外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ，结果显示血清阳性２１例，ＰＢＭＣ阳性１８例，表现在大部分丙肝患者ＰＢＭＣ中有ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的存在。且急性丙肝患者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性率明显低于慢性丙肝患者，提示ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的存在可能与感染ＨＣＶ后的慢性化有关。     

联检C100—3抗体,第2代抗体与HCV RNA诊断丙型肝炎的比较

对江苏省南通市不同人群７７０例份血清联合检测Ｃ１００－３抗体和第２代抗体，并对其中抗－ＨＣＶ阳性和非甲非乙型肝炎患者用多聚酶链反应（ＲＣＲ）法检测了ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ。在８９例急性肝炎中。检出的１４例急性丙型肝炎（丙肝）ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ全数阳性，第２代抗体２例阳性，Ｃ１００－３抗体均阴性。慢性肝炎及肝炎后肝硬化２３０例共检出ＨＣＶ感染２４例（１０．４％），４５１例献血员检出丙肝３例（０．７％），以上两组     

慢性丙型肝炎患者肝组织中HCV-RNA和HCV、NS3抗原的研究

为了研究丙型肝炎的发病机理应用原位杂交和免疫组化方法检测了３８例慢性肝炎患者肝内ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ和ＨＣＶ、ＮＳ３。１１例丙型肝炎患者肝细胞中８例ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性,６例ＨＣＶ、ＮＳ３阳性;１７例乙、丙肝重叠感染者７例阳性例;１０例慢性乙肝患者中未发现阳性结果。肝内ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ和ＨＣＶ－ＮＳ３阳性与否同肝组织学病理煌严重性无关。结果表明ＨＣＶ可能无直接致病作用。     

外周血单核细胞中丙型肝炎病毒RNA正负链检测的临床意义

目的通过对外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ正负链的检测，来探讨其与丙型肝炎慢性化及干扰素治疗的关系．方法慢性丙型肝炎患者４０例，其中干扰素治疗者１０例，分离血清及ＰＢＭＣ．异硫氰酸胍－酚－氯仿抽提法提取ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，应用逆转录－巢式ＰＣＲ技术检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ正负链．结果血清正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为６７５％，但负链均为阴性，ＰＢＭＣ中正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为５７５％，负链的阳性率为３５０％．其中３例患者血清中正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ为阴性，而ＰＢＭＣ中为阳性．１０例干扰素治疗者在治疗结束时血清正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ６０％转阴，ＰＢＭＣ中负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ８０％转阴，而正链仅３７５％转阴．结论ＨＣＶ能在ＰＢＭＣ中存在和复制，这可能是导致丙型肝炎易发生慢性化的原因之一．ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ正负链的检测对于临床判断干扰素的疗效及预后有重要意义     

血清丙型肝炎病毒感染指标及序列变异的动态研究

目的探讨动态观测ＨＣＶ感染指标及序列变异的意义。方法ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测抗ＨＣＶＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ,ＲＴＰＣＲ方法检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ,ＰＣＲ产物直接测序。结果６例感染ＨＣＶ的血透析患者抗ＨＣＶＩｇＧ的表现类型分为持续阴性及持续阳性两种;抗ＨＣＶＩｇＭ有四种表现：一过性阳性、间隙性阳性、持续阴性及持续阳性;ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测多为间断阳性;同一患者不同时期感染的ＨＣＶ株Ｅ２／ＮＳ１区序列间存在差别,且ＨＶＲ１区基因变异与有无抗体生成有关。结论抗ＨＣＶＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的动态检测对说明体内有无病毒存在,疾病有无慢性化倾向有重要的意义。ＨＣＶＥ２／ＮＳ１区基因变异对提示病毒逃避机体免疫清除,疾病向慢性化方向发展有指导意义。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

MUTATION FREQUENCY IN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS WORKING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS

Individuals occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs may be at risk owing to the effects of these agents on DNA. As an index of DNA damage, in vivo mutations were measured in lymphocytes from 24 oncology nurses or pharmacists and 24 matched controls. Mutation frequency was significantly increased in exposed individuals and appeared to be related to duration of exposure. However, the overall magnitude of the increase was small and its biological significance remains to be determined.