上腔静脉塌陷指数预测机械通气患者容量反应的可行性

目的探索上腔静脉塌陷指数(SVC-CI)对机械通气患者容量反应的预测效果。方法选择择期气管插管全麻机械通气下行腹部手术患者36例,男20例,女16例,年龄18～64岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,NYHAⅠ或Ⅱ级。所有患者在全麻诱导后至手术开始前,快速输注复方乳酸钠10 ml/kg,输注时间10～15 min。记录补液前后MAP、HR、CVP、心脏指数(CI)、每搏量变异度(SVV),利用经食管超声心动图测量上腔静脉(SVC)内径,并计算补液前后CI的变化值(ΔCI)以及SVC-CI。根据ΔCI将患者分为容量反应组(R组,ΔCI≥15%)和非容量反应组(NR组,ΔCI15%)。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估SVC-CI和SVV预测容量反应的效能。结果有20例(56%)患者出现容量反应。R组SVC-CI明显高于NR组(P0.05)。SVC-CI预测容量反应的ROC曲线下面积为0.816(95%CI 0.673～0.958),敏感性85%,特异性75%。SVV预测容量反应的ROC曲线下面积为0.731(95%CI 0.567～0.895),敏感性55%,特异性88%。结论 SVC-CI和SVV均可预测机械通气患者容量反应,而SVC-CI的预测效能优于SVV。     

Autoantibodies in d-penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis: A comparison with idiopathic myasthenia and rheumatoid arthritis

The distribution of autoantibodies was studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated by d-penicillamine and who developed myasthenia gravis (MG). The anti-human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were specifically associated with clinical symptoms of MG without any difference in the pattern of specificities in idiopathic (id-MG) or in induced MG (DPen-MG). Conversely, anti-nuclear antibodies were elevated in DPen-MG sera compared to id-MG sera (P < 0.001) but were also compared to patients with RA treated by d-penicillamine (or thiopronine) and who did not develop MG. Anti-denatured DNA antibodies were enhanced in sera from treated patients, whether they had presented or not a MG disease. Anti-histone antibodies were associated with RA. These observations suggest that the immunological imbalance in RA patients, can be increased by a drug treatment which may trigger the appearance of a second autoimmune disease such as MG, where anti-AChR antibodies are associated with anti-nuclear antibodies.     

特发性膜性肾病患者血清抗PLA2R抗体和抗THSD7A抗体的表达及诊断价值

目的探讨血清抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)抗体和抗1型血小板反应蛋白7A域(THSD7A)抗体在特发性膜性肾病(IMN)患者中的表达及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2017年7月—2019年12月行肾穿刺活检的初次治疗肾病患者217例,其中IMN 97例,非膜性肾病120例。所有患者均检测血清抗PLA2R抗体及抗THSD7A抗体表达水平,采用ROC曲线评估血清抗PLA2R抗体、抗THSD7A抗体对于IMN的诊断价值,分析影响IMN患者血清抗PLA2R抗体、抗THSD7A抗体表达的因素。结果IMN患者抗PLA2R抗体和抗THSD7A抗体阳性表达率均高于非膜性肾病患者(P<0.01)。血清抗THSD7A抗体诊断IMN特异度高于抗PLA2R抗体,准确度、灵敏度低于抗PLA2R抗体(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,血清白蛋白<25 g/L、肾小管间质损伤≥25%、尿β2-微球蛋白≥1.17 mg/L、尿免疫球蛋白G≥24.98 mg/L、尿α1-微球蛋白≥40.35 mg/L是IMN患者血清抗PLA2R抗体、抗THSD7A抗体表达的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论血清抗PLA2R抗体、抗THSD7A抗体高表达对于IMN的诊断具有一定的临床价值,且能反映患者的病情程度。     

晚期子宫内膜癌20例复发转移特征及相关因素分析

目的　探讨晚期子宫内膜癌复发特征及其相关因素。方法　回顾性分析 1989年 8月至 2 0 0 1年 5月间收治的 2 0例晚期子宫内膜癌复发患者临床病理资料 ,并与同期未复发患者进行比较。结果　① 6 0例晚期子宫内膜癌患者 ,随访 1～ 7年 ,发现复发转移 2 0例 ,复发率 33 3% ,其中Ⅲ期 13例 ,Ⅳ期 7例 ;②复发转移首发部位 :盆腹腔 9例 ,肺转移 8例 ,其他部位 3例 ;③临床特征 :Ⅲc和Ⅳ期复发率分别为 4 0 9%和 6 3 6 % ,显著高于Ⅲa(12 5 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;术后有残存病灶者复发率为 72 7% ,无残存者仅为 2 4 5 % ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。④病理特征 :复发率在侵肌≥ 1/ 2者为 5 0 0 % ,侵肌 <1/ 2者为 18 7% ,有宫旁受侵者为 5 8 3% ,而未受侵害者为2 7 1% ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;低分化癌的复发率 (5 5 0 % )显著高于中分化癌 (2 5 0 % )和高分化癌(2 0 0 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;而淋巴结有癌转移的复发率 (46 2 % )和无癌转移者 (2 3 5 % )差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;⑤复发与治疗方式 :术后辅助化疗和放疗的复发率最低 (13 3% ) ,其次为术后辅助化疗 (31 8% )。结论　晚期子宫内膜癌复发率高 ,最常见的复发转移部位为盆腹腔和肺 ,多数在 2年内复发 ,复发转移高危因素有     

推进我国大病保障制度建设工作的思考与设想

重大疾病卫生支出是造成人民群众因病致贫、因病返贫的重要原因之一。2012年8月24日,国家发改委、卫生部等六部委联合印发了《关于开展城乡居民大病保险工作的指导意见》,明确要进一步完善城乡居民医疗保障制度,有效提高重特大疾病保障水平。本研究在介绍国内外大病保障制度建立和实施情况的基础上,分析我国目前大病保障工作存在的问题,结合我国建立大病保障制度的经济、政策可行性等内容进行分析,提出推进大病保障制度建设工作的相关建议：在现有基本医保制度的基础上,推进大病保障制度建设;探索多种形式互补的大病保障工作模式;结合基本医保基金承载能力建立大病保障基金;以大病保障制度建立为契机,稳步推进我国医疗保障管理体系建设工作。     

鼓膜紧张部中央性大穿孔患者中耳乳突病变的特点及处理

目的:探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎(单纯型,静止期)伴鼓膜紧张部中央性大穿孔患者的病变特点及处理方法。方法:慢性化脓性中耳炎(单纯型,静止期)伴鼓膜紧张部中央性大穿孔患者147例,其中101例不伴乳突病变者行鼓室成形术;46例伴乳突病变者,在进行鼓室成形术的同时进行乳突开放术。结果:147例中有142例(96.6%)一期愈合。术后3个月纯音听力骨气导差平均为(16.6±10.9)dBHL。结论:慢性化脓性中耳炎(单纯型,静止期)伴鼓膜紧张部大穿孔的患者,术前颞骨高分辨CT检查及术中详细探查是必须的。确保术后咽鼓管、上鼓室、鼓窦,特别是后两者的引流通畅是提高疗效的关键。应用软骨软骨膜复合物行鼓膜重建或上鼓室、后鼓室及鼓膜的联合重建,对鼓膜紧张部中央性大穿孔的患者不失为一种切实可行的治疗方法。     

中耳乳突炎性改变对人工耳蜗置入的影响

目的：探讨中耳乳突炎性改变对人工耳蜗置入术的影响。方法：9例行人工耳蜗置入术患者均伴有中耳乳突炎性改变。1例乳突根治术后Ⅱ期行人工耳蜗置入及应用耳廓软骨一软骨膜复合物重建并加强后鼓室外侧壁及外耳道后壁;1例慢性中耳炎伴鼓膜穿孔Ⅰ期行人工耳蜗置入及应用耳廓软骨一软骨膜复合物重建鼓膜;3例隐性中耳乳突炎,Ⅰ期行改良乳突开放术并人工耳蜗置入术;3例硬化型乳突伴鼓室粘连,Ⅰ期行鼓室探查并人工耳蜗置入术;1例慢性中耳乳突炎伴松弛部内陷袋形成,Ⅰ期行上鼓室开放及软骨一软骨膜复合物重建上鼓室外侧壁并人工耳蜗置入术。结果：术中所有的电极均顺利置入,并经术中检测电极完好,电阻测试效果满意。术后伤口均甲级愈合,1个月后均开机成功。随访无并发症。结论：对于慢性中耳乳突炎的患者,若欲行Ⅱ期人工耳蜗置入术,Ⅰ期中耳乳突手术应尽可能保留相关解剖结构。对于隐性中耳乳突炎的患者在确保鼓窦乳突、上鼓室、咽鼓管口三处引流均通畅的前提下可行Ⅰ期人工耳蜗置入。对于病变局限的上鼓室胆脂瘤,有经验的术者可以选择Ⅰ期手术,但一定要慎重。感染因素很可能在乳突汽化不良及不明原因先天性感音神经性聋的发病中起着重要的作用。对于乳突硬化、乙状窦前移严重的患者可选择经外耳道鼓岬开窗。对于人工耳蜗置入术时的鼓膜修补术,上鼓室外侧壁或外耳道后壁重建选择软骨一软骨膜复合物可以提高成功率,加固鼓膜避免内陷及电极脱出。     

急性移植物抗宿主病患者发生移植相关血栓性微血管病的危险因素及预后分析

  目的 探讨急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）患者中移植相关血栓性微血管病（TA-TMA）发生的危险因素和影响TA-TMA预后的因素。方法 选取356例在北京大学血液病研究所接受异基因造血干细胞移植后发生aGVHD的患者为研究人群,选取33例移植后发生TA-TMA的患者作为病例组,以危险集抽样的方法在同一队列中随机选取年龄和随访时间匹配的患者组成对照组（77例）。比较两组间的危险因素和预后情况。结果 TA-TMA的中位发生时间为移植后3.5（1.2~23.0）个月。TA-TMA发病距aGVHD诊断的中位时间为25（7~257）d。aGVHD发生时间、起始严重程度、一线治疗失败及二线治疗中使用他克莫司与aGVHD患者发生TA-TMA独立相关,具有2种以上危险因素的患者TA-TMA风险明显升高（OR=210.0,P=0.000）。22例（66.7%）TA-TMA患者死亡,而进展型TA-TMA是预后的惟一不良影响因素。各种治疗方法均不能改善TA-TMA患者的预后。结论 aGVHD的多种特点与TA-TMA相关,便于筛选出aGVHD合并TA-TMA的高危患者,并指导选择更合理的治疗方案。        

Perioperative use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of alveolar osteitis: Efficacy and risk factor analysis

Objectives. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate as a prophylactic therapy for the prevention of alveolar osteitis and to further examine subject-based risk factors associated with alveolar osteitis.Study Design. The trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study conducted among 279 subjects, each of whom required oral surgery for the removal of a minimum of one impacted mandibular third molar. Subjects were instructed to rinse twice daily with 15 ml of chlorhexidine or placebo mouthrinse for 30 seconds for 1 week before and 1 week after the surgical extractions. This regimen included a supervised presurgical rinse. Alveolar osteitis diagnosis was based on the subjective finding of increasing postoperative pain at the surgical site that was not relieved with mild analgesics, supported by clinical evidence of one or more of the following: loss of blood clot, necrosis of blood clot, and exposed alveolar bone.Results. In comparison with use of the placebo mouthrinse, prophylactic use of the chlorhexidine mouthrinse resulted in statistically significant (p < 0.05) reductions in the incidence of alveolar osteitis. With chlorhexidine therapy, the subject- and extraction-based incidences of alveolar osteitis in the evaluable subset (271 subjects) were reduced, relative to placebo, by 38% and 44%, respectively. The corresponding odds ratios that describe the increased odds of experiencing alveolar osteitis in the placebo group were 1.87 and 2.05 for subject- and extraction-based analyses, respectively. In comparison with nonuse of oral contraceptives, the use of oral contraceptives in female subjects was related to a statistically significant increase in the incidence of alveolar osteitis (odds ratio = 1.92, p = 0.035). Relative to male subjects, the observed incidence of alveolar osteitis for female subjects not using oral contraceptives was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.18, p = 0.64). Smoking did not increase the incidence of alveolar osteitis relative to not smoking (odds ratio = 1.20, p = 0.33).Conclusions. These data confirm that the prophylactic use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse results in a significant reduction in the incidence of alveolar osteitis after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. In addition, oral contraceptive use in females was confirmed to be a risk factor for the development of alveolar osteitis.     

Quality of life and Q-TWiST were not adversely affected in Ewing sarcoma patients treated with combined anlotinib,irinotecan, and vincristine: (Peking University People's Hospital Ewing sarcoma trial-02, PKUPH-EWS-02)

Background:Combined treatment with anlotinib, irinotecan, as well as vincristine for advanced Ewing sarcoma (EWS) has been verified been effective in the prospective trial of Peking University People''s Hospital EWS trial-02. We aimed to assess the dynamic changes in health-related quality of life (QoL) and the benefit-risk in quality-adjusted survival in current study.Methods:Twelve “pediatric” patients and 23 “adult” patients were enrolled. QoL was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 for adults and PedsQL 3.0 Cancer Module for children and adolescents. The quality-adjusted time without symptoms of disease progression or toxicity of treatment (Q-TWiST) analysis was used to describe treatment results.Results:Progression-free survival was not accompanied by diminished QoL. Differences in scores on the QoL global health status and specific functioning before, during, and after treatment were not significantly different with time (P = .14 for adults and .91 for children). During treatment, there was a statistically insignificant trend towards improved QoL with reduced tumor burden (P = .14 for adults and .10 for children), but QoL significantly declined with progression of disease (P = .05 for adults and .04 for children). The most common adverse events were neutropenia (12.1%), leukopenia (16.6%), anemia (12.7%), and diarrhea (4.93%). Results across the trial analyses showed that the median time of Q-TWiST was 0.73 (interquartile range, 0–1.57) months, whereas the median time with toxicity before disease progression was 3.9 (interquartile range, 2.3, 6.1).Conclusion:QoL exhibited a trend towards improvement in accordance with high objective response in this trial with the receipt of combination therapy of anlotinib, vinsristine, and irinotecan for advanced EWS. The toxicity profile did not translate into significantly worse overall scores during treatment.