BTG1 expression correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of breast carcinomas

This study aimed to analyze the expression, clinical significance of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in breast carcinoma and the biological effect in its cell line by BTG1 overexpression. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to analyze BTG1 protein expression in 72 cases of breast cancer and 36 cases of normal tissues to study the relationship between BTG1 expression and clinical factors. Recombinant lentiviral vector was constructed to over-express EMP-1 and then infect breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA level and protein of BTG1. MTT assay, cell apoptosis, cell cycles, migration and invasion assays were also conducted as to the influence of the upregulated expression of BTG1 that might be found on MCF-7 cells biological effect. The level of BTG1 protein expression was found to be significantly lower in breast cancer tissue than normal tissues (P?<?0.05). Decreased expression of BTG1 was significantly correlated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinic stage and histological grade of patients with breast cancer (P?<?0.05). Meanwhile, loss of BTG1 expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival time by Kaplan–Meier analysis (P?<?0.05). The result of biological function shown that MCF-7 cell transfected BTG1 had a lower survival fraction, higher percentage of the G0/G1 phases, higher cell apoptosis, significant decrease in migration and invasion, and lower CyclinD1, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 protein expression compared with MCF-7 cell untransfected BTG1 (P?<?0.05). BTG1 expression decreased in breast cancer and correlated significantly lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, histological grade, poor overall survival, proliferation, and metastasis in breast cancer cell by regulating CyclinD1, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 protein expression, suggesting that BTG1 may play important roles as a negative regulator to breast cancer cell.     

Utility of teledermatopathology for intraoperative margin assessment of melanoma in situ,lentigo maligna type: A 6 year community practice experience

BackgroundAchieving negative margins for melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type can be challenging, particularly on cosmetically sensitive areas.ObjectiveTo assess the utility of intraoperative frozen section margin assessment using a teledermatopathology system in the treatment of head and neck lentigo maligna.Methods and materialsOver a 6 year period, 96 patients with lentigo maligna had surgical excisions. The margins were assessed intraoperatively with frozen sections prepared in the manner used in Mohs surgery. The surgeon guided the frozen section slides around the margin while a dermatopathologist assessed the margin remotely.ResultsIn 2/96 (2.1%) cases, the safety margin was positive (frozen sections were false negative). In 1 further case (1%) there was a recurrence of the melanoma 13 months following the excision.ConclusionThe described method is effective in treating melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type with clearance rates similar to previous studies for Mohs surgery.     

不同剂量桃仁提取物对急性胰腺炎大鼠肠道黏膜屏障功能及免疫功能的作用

目的:研究不同剂量桃仁提取物对急性胰腺炎大鼠肠道黏膜屏障功能及免疫功能的作用。方法:48只大鼠制备SAP模型后随机分为模型对照组、桃仁提取物低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组,每组12只。另取12只大鼠作为假手术组,造模麻醉苏醒即开始干预,桃仁提取物低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组分别灌胃给予桃仁提取物0.12、0.248和0.36 g/kg,假手术组及模型组给予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,各组灌胃均1次/6 h,连续4次。给药后24 h应用10%水合氯醛麻醉各组大鼠,打开胸腔和腹腔,腹主动脉分别抽取5 ml血样于EDTA抗凝管和非抗凝管内,分别应用荧光直接标记法和流式细胞仪进行CD4+、CD8+和Treg细胞测定,采用免疫比浊法测定Ig A、Ig G和Ig M,采用EPS-G7底物法测定血清淀粉酶水平,采用酶学分光光度法检测血清D-乳酸水平,采用活性比色法测定血清二胺氧化酶;取小肠组织HE染色后采用光学显微镜进行病理学检查;取小肠组织采用放射免疫法进行s Ig A测定以及采用RT-PCR法进行TLR4和NF-κBp65 mRNA测定。结果:(1)中剂量和高剂量组大鼠血清淀粉酶、D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶水平均较低剂量组大鼠显著降低(P0.01),小肠黏膜s Ig A较低剂量组显著升高(P0.01),并且高剂量组和中剂量组差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);(2)桃仁提取物中剂量和高剂量组血液CD4+、CD4+/CD8+较低剂量组大鼠显著升高(P0.01),CD8+、Treg细胞较低剂量组大鼠显著降低(P0.01),并且高剂量组和中剂量组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01);(3)桃仁提取物中剂量和高剂量组血清Ig A、Ig G、Ig M较低剂量组大鼠显著升高(P0.01),并且高剂量组和中剂量组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01);(4)假手术组大鼠小肠黏膜无显著损伤,模型对照组大鼠小肠黏膜显著损伤,低剂量组大鼠小肠黏膜病理情况与模型组基本相似,中剂量和大剂量组大鼠小肠黏膜损伤显著降低;(5)桃仁提取物中剂量和高剂量组小肠组织TLR4和NF-κBp65 mRNA较低剂量组大鼠显著降低(P0.01),并且高剂量组和中剂量组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:桃仁提取物对急性胰腺炎大鼠肠道屏障功能具有保护作用,并且显著改善急性胰腺炎大鼠的免疫功能。     

老年性上睑下垂提上睑肌腱膜的病理学观察

目的通过研究老年性上睑下垂提上睑肌腱膜的病理结构的改变,探讨老年性上睑下垂的发病机制。方法选自我科2011年6月至2013年6月就诊的老年性上睑下垂患者30例,根据下垂量分为轻度、中度、重度,将提上睑肌缩短手术中取得的提上睑肌腱膜组织,进行HE染色、弹性蛋白(Elastin)及基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-9免疫组织化学染色检查,并行透射电镜超微结构观察。结果术中可见患眼提上睑肌腱膜变长、变薄,有的出现裂孔,部分或全部从睑板表面断裂,有的出现脂肪样变性;HE染色可见患眼提上睑肌肌浆内出现大量脂肪样变性;免疫组织化学染色结果示Elastin含量下降,与下垂程度呈负相关(r=-2.782,P=0.002),MMP-9的含量增加,与下垂程度呈正相关(r=4.376,P=0.030);透射电镜显示成纤维细胞的细胞膜局部有缺损、外形不规则,胞质肿胀,内质网扩张、脱颗粒,胶原纤维周围可见脂滴。结论老年性上睑下垂的提上睑肌腱膜变薄或破裂,脂肪样变和肌纤维萎缩,Elastin含量下降,胶原纤维分裂,呈现退化改变。     

原发性中枢神经系统血管炎的高分辨率MRI表现

目的探讨HR-MRI对原发性中枢神经系统血管炎(PACNS)的诊断价值。方法分析24例PACNS患者的临床和MRI资料,分析HR-MRI影像学表现。结果在HR-MRI上24例PACNS患者中,存在43个病变,可见管壁环周增厚36个、管壁偏心性增厚7个。管壁内壁均光滑。外壁模糊38个、外壁清晰5个。33个病变可见管壁向心性增强,7个病变管壁偏心性增强,无强化3个。病变累及血管壁的长度中位长度为5.4 mm(范围3.0~7.8 mm),病变部位血管壁厚度的中位厚度为0.69 mm(范围0.52~0.85 mm)。结论高分辨率磁共振成像能够清晰显示受累血管的管壁环周增厚、内壁光滑和外壁模糊、血管壁向心性强化,对PACNS的鉴别诊断有很大的作用。     

Heat shock protein is a key therapeutic target for nerve repair in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and severe peripheral nerve injury

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and a common cause of neuromuscular paralysis. Preceding infection induces the production of anti-ganglioside (GD) antibodies attacking its own peripheral nerves. In severe proximal peripheral nerve injuries that require long-distance axon regeneration, motor functional recovery is virtually nonexistent. Damaged axons fail to regrow and reinnervate target muscles. In mice, regenerating axons must reach the target muscle within 35 days (critical period) to reform functional neuromuscular junctions and regain motor function. Successful functional recovery depends on the rate of axon regeneration and debris removal (Wallerian degeneration) after nerve injury. The innate-immune response of the peripheral nervous system to nerve injury such as timing and magnitude of cytokine production is crucial for Wallerian degeneration. In the current study, forced expression of human heat shock protein (hHsp) 27 completely reversed anti-GD-induced inhibitory effects on nerve repair assessed by animal behavioral assays, electrophysiology and histology studies, and the beneficial effect was validated in a second mouse line of hHsp27. The protective effect of hHsp27 on prolonged muscle denervation was examined by performing repeated sciatic nerve crushes to delay regenerating axons from reaching distal muscle from 37 days up to 55 days. Strikingly, hHsp27 was able to extend the critical period of motor functional recovery for up to 55 days and preserve the integrity of axons and mitochondria in distal nerves. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that a number of key cytokines which are heavily involved in the early phase of innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration, were found to be upregulated in the sciatic nerve lysates of hHsp27 Tg mice at 1 day postinjury. However, persistent hyperinflammatory mediator changes were found after chronic denervation in sciatic nerves of littermate mice, but remained unchanged in hHsp27 Tg mice. Taken together, the current study provides insight into the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance muscle receptiveness (reinnervation) by accelerating axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.     

第1齿状韧带形态特点及临床意义

目的 观测颅颈交界处第1齿状韧带的解剖结构,探讨其临床意义。 方法 收集颅颈标本18具,解剖显露第1齿状韧带等结构,观察其起止、毗邻、行程及形态;HE染色,观察其组织学特点。 结果 第1齿状韧带出现率为100%,薄膜型50%（9例）,致密型22.2%（4例）,疏松型27.8%（5例）;位于延髓上段脊髓侧方,纤维呈长三角形向外上方集中,在椎动脉后方跨越,在椎动脉的头侧止于硬膜并与之融合。其脊髓的附着部位于脊神经前后根之间,远端与第2~8齿状韧带融为一体,近端达延髓水平。组织学显示齿状韧带由胶原纤维组成。 结论 第1齿状韧带对维持脊髓位置稳定具有重要作用。齿状韧带将蛛网膜下腔分成前后两部分,脑脊液压力不平衡可导致脊髓前后部分所受的应力不等,脊髓前方可能承受更高的压力刺激从而加重或诱发脊髓前角细胞及皮质脊髓束的损伤,这可能是导致肌萎缩侧索硬化症的解剖因素之一。