普伐他汀、福辛普利及合用对大鼠心肌梗死后肿瘤坏死因子-α表达及心室重构的影响

目的探讨普伐他汀、福辛普利及合用对大鼠心肌梗死后心室重构、心功能、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)表达、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)活性等的影响。方法通过结扎冠状动脉前降支诱导大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI),AMI后24h存活的48只大鼠随机分为AMI组,福辛普利组(10mg·kg1·d1),普伐他汀组(20mg·kg1·d1),普伐他汀(20mg·kg1·d1)加福辛普利组(10mg·kg1·d1),每组12只。另设假手术组(n=8)。术后24h开始直接灌胃给药,AMI及假手术组大鼠灌等量生理盐水。用药42天后,测定心功能和血流动力学参数,以反转录聚合酶链反应检测心肌TNFαmRNA的表达,酶谱法测定左室心肌MMPs活性,并测定心室重量/体重。结果梗死面积在AMI及各治疗组间差异均无统计学意义。与AMI组比较,福辛普利、普伐他汀、联合用药均使AMI组增加的左室舒张末压、左室舒张末直径、左室相对重量下降(P<0.05～0.01),使下降的左室压最大上升速率和下降速率、左室短轴缩短率、射血分数不同程度增加(P<0.05～0.01)。福辛普利、普伐他汀、联合用药分别使AMI组表达增加的TNFα降低29%、26%、33%(P<0.01);使MMP2活性水平降低25%、30%、35%(P<0.01);使MMP9活性水平降低20%、18%、24%(P<0.01)。联合用药较单用福辛普利或普伐他汀,对射血分数、左室短轴缩短率、左室压最大上     

Physical performance and life quality in postmenopausal women supplemented with vitamin D: a two-year prospective study

Aim:

To investigate the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover marker levels, muscle strength and quality of life in postmenopausal Chinese women.

Methods:

A total of 485 healthy postmenopausal Chinese women (63.44±5.04 years) were enrolled in this open-label, 2-year, prospective, community-based trial. The participants were divided into group A, B, C, which were treated with calcium (600 mg/d) alone, calcium (600 mg/d) and cholecalciferol (800 IU/d) or calcium (600 mg/d) and calcitriol (0.25 μg/d), respectively, for 2 years. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, β-CTX and P1NP were measured, and the muscle strength and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at 12- and 24-month follow-ups.

Results:

Four hundred and sixty one participants completed this study. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were significantly increased in group C, but not changed in groups A and B at 24-month follow-up. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone, bone turnover marker β-CTX and bone formation marker P1NP were significantly decreased in group C, while serum levels of β-CTX were increased in group A at 24-month follow-up. The participants in group C maintained the grip strength, while those in groups A and B exhibited decreased grip strength at 24-month follow-up. The quality of life for the participants in groups B and C remained consistent, but that in group A was deteriorated at 24-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Supplementation with calcitriol and calcium modifies the bone turnover marker levels, and maintains muscle strength and quality of life in postmenopausal Chinese women, whereas supplementation with cholecalciferol and calcium prevents aging-mediated deterioration in quality of life.     

The enhanced angiogenesis effect of VEGF-silk fibroin nanospheres-BAMG scaffold composited with adipose derived stem cells in a rabbit model

We report a study to determine whether a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-silk fibroin (SF) nanospheres-bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) scaffold composited with adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) could enhance angiogenesis in bladder regeneration in rabbits. Rabbit ADSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. The morphology and release behaviour of VEGF-SF nanospheres were detected. After the composite scaffolds were successfully used in bladder reconstruction, the bladder capacity, H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining were studied at different time points. ADSCs exerts high expression rates of CD29, CD90, and CD44, accompanied with low expression rates of CD34 and CD45. SF nanospheres with diameters of 200–1000 nm were prepared to load VEGF, and they contributed to maintain the release of VEGF. The reconstructed bladder with VEGF-SF nanospheres-BAMG plus ADSCs had more regular smooth muscle tissue and blood vessels. Moreover, instead of differentiating into epithelial or vascular endothelial cells, ADSCs may be more likely to provide additional cytokines to enhance angiogenesis in the bladder regeneration process. The tissue engineered bladder constructed by BAMG modified by VEGF-SF nanospheres possessed high bio-compatibility and an enhanced angiogenesis effect, and could be used as an ideal biological material to repair bladder defects after being composited with ADSCs.

The adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) was composited with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-silk fibroin (SF) nanospheres-bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) scaffold to repair bladder defect in rabbits.     

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a Pipeline Flex embolization device for treatment of large,wide-necked intracranial aneurysms

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of the Pipeline Flex embolization device (PFED) in the treatment of large and wide-necked aneurysms in the internal carotid artery (ICA).Methods: The clinical data of 78 cases of large and wide-necked aneurysms in the ICA treated with this Pipeline Flex embolization device in Shanghai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University and Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from February 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: A total of 66 cases were treated with a Pipeline Flex embolization device, 10 with a pipeline flex embolization device, and 2 with a double tubride stent (10 patients were treated with a pipeline stent-assisted coil embolization in; and 2 patients were treated with two pipeline stents). The patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months (average, 9.25 months). Among them, 63 cases had complete occlusion of the neck of the aneurysm (Raymondl Class I; MRS score 0; 80.8%). Aneurysms recurred in 12 cases (Raymondl Class II; MRS score 1; 15.4%). Delayed ischemic complications were observed in 1 case (MRS score >2; 0.13%). There was 1 case of poor release of stent and 1 case of stent stenosis (0.13%).Conclusion: The treatment of large, wide-necked aneurysms in the ICA with PFED has a high total occlusion rate and good prognosis was better than coil embolization, but the placement of PFED still has some neurological complications.     

Percutaneous osteoplasty for extraspinal metastases

As an extension of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), percutaneous osteoplasty (POP) refers broadly to percutaneous bone cement injected into various parts of the body and narrowly to cement injected into extraspinal bone lesions. POP mainly includes such surgeries as percutaneous sacroplasty, percutaneous acetabuloplasty, percutaneous femoral osteoplasty, and percutaneous iliac osteoplasty (Figure 1). Currently, POP is a positive and an effective treatment for extraspinal bone lesions in that it can rapidly relieve pain, effectively prevent pathological fractures, and partially inactivate tumors, with few complications. The aim of this review is to detail the POP techniques and report their safety and efficacy in the treatment of extraspinal metastases.     

三官能团环氧树脂常温固化剂的复配研究及其固化动力学

以间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚(RDGE)和1,1,1-三(对羟基苯基)乙烷为原料,合成了三官能团环氧树脂TEP,并分别与异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)单一体系和IPDA/2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2E4MZ)复合体系进行常温固化。通过DSC、热重分析(TGA)、动态机械热分析仪、耐化学介质以及力学性能测试对比研究了TEP树脂与两种固化体系的固化反应动力学、固化度以及热稳定性。结果表明:复合固化体系较单一固化体系初始表观活化能更低,复合体系固化物的固化程度、玻璃化转变温度、耐腐蚀性均优于单一IPDA固化体系。     

胰岛β细胞功能紊乱与2型糖尿病

胰岛β细胞功能受损和胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的两大致病机制。β细胞功能，尤其早时相胰岛素分泌，对维持正常葡萄糖代谢有重要作用。在从正常糖耐量向糖尿病进展的过程中，β细胞功能呈进行性下降，早期应用促进或模拟早时相胰岛素分泌的药物保护β细胞功能有助于延缓糖尿病的进展。     

Temporary partially-covered metal stent insertion in benign esophageal stricture

AIM: To study the therapeutic efficacy of temporary partiallycovered metal stent insertion on benign esophageal stricture.METHODS: Temporary partially-covered metal stent was inserted in 83 patients with benign esophageal stricture. All the patients had various dysphagia scores.RESULTS: Insertion of 85 temporary partially-covered metal stents was performed successfully in 83 patients with benign esophageal stricture and dysphagia was effectively remitted in all the 83 cases. The dysphagia score was 3.20±0.63(mean±SD) and 0.68±0.31 before and after stent insertion,and 0.86±0.48 after stent removal. The mean diameter of the strictured esophageal lumen was 3.37±1.23 mm and 25.77±3.89 mm before and after stent insertion, and 16.15±2.96 mm after stent removal. Follow-up time was from 1 week to 96 months (mean 54.26±12.75 months). The complications were chest pain (n=37) after stent insertion,and bleeding (n=12) and reflux (n=13) after stent removal.CONCLUSION: Temporary partially-covered metal stent insertion is one of the best methods for treatment of benign esophageal stricture.     

JX- 594和紫杉醇双层覆膜支架治疗兔食管鳞癌实验研究

【摘要】 目的 评价负载重组牛痘病毒JX-594和紫杉醇的覆膜金属支架对兔食管鳞癌模型的治疗作用。方法 通过手术将VX2 肿瘤组织块种植于新西兰大白兔食管黏膜下层,成功构建VX2兔食管鳞癌模型。食管DSA造影检查确认食管狭窄＞2/3管腔直径,作为支架置入适应证。将兔模型随机分为覆膜的紫杉醇负载金属食管支架（PEMS）组和双层覆膜的紫杉醇和JX-594共载金属食管支架（PJEMS）组,每组6只。DSA透视下支架输送器将支架置入食管狭窄病变部位。支架置入后 2 周处死实验兔,分析PEMS和PJEMS治疗兔食管鳞癌的安全性和有效性。 结果 支架置入术中两组各有1只兔窒息死亡,术后 2 周内无死亡,均未发生出血、穿孔及支架移位等并发症。两组各有5只荷瘤兔数据纳入统计学分析,结果显示PJEMS组平均肿瘤体积为 （1.286±0.463） cm3,明显小于PEMS组 （5.014±2.082）cm3（P＜0.05）;PEMS组中3只实验兔出现远处转移,其中 1 只为肺部弥漫性转移,PJEMS组仅1只出现远处转移;PEMS组、PJEMS组兔体质量丢失分别为 （0.334±0.084） kg、 （0.162±0.177） kg,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 JX-594可增强紫杉醇对局部食管鳞癌生长的抑制作用,更好地辅助食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄,也许可为晚期食管鳞癌临床治疗提供新的研究方向。     

经皮骨水泥椎间融合术与骨水泥椎间盘成形术治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

【摘要】 目的 探讨经皮骨水泥椎间融合术（PCIF）治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症的初步临床价值,并与经皮骨水泥椎间盘成形术（PCD）作比较。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年11月37例老年腰椎间盘突出症的患者,其中29例采用PCIF治疗（A组）,8例采用PCD治疗（B组）。A组包括L3～4椎间盘节段4例、L4～5椎间盘节段20例、L5～S1椎间盘节段5例;B组包括L3～4椎间盘节段1例、L4～5椎间盘节段6例、L5～S1椎间盘节段1例。通过比较患者术前及术后Macnab标准、视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Oswesty功能障碍指数（ODI）评分的变化来评价疼痛、日常运动功能状况的改善情况。结果 上述37例患者均获得手术成功。两组患者术后VAS、ODI评分变化均较术前有明显改善（P＜0.05）;A组患者在术后1、3、6个月和1年VAS和ODI评分均低于B组（P＜0.05）,邻近椎体骨折发生率低于B组（P＜0.05）。结论 PCIF和PCD均为治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症微创、安全、有效的方法,但PCIF较PCD能明显降低术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率,且长期临床疗效更优。