脂蛋白脂酶基因PvuⅡ位点多态性与高脂血症人群膳食干预易感性的关系

为了解脂蛋白脂酶 (LPL)基因PvuⅡ位点多态性与高脂血症人群膳食干预效果的关系 ,从北京市西城区 8个社区居民中筛出 43 6名高脂血症患者 ,分为干预组 (2 48人 )和对照组 (188人 ) ;对两组人群进行血脂谱水平检测、膳食调查、体格检查及LPL基因PvuⅡ位点多态性检测 (PCR RFLP方法 ) ,并对干预组进行为期 6个月的膳食干预。结果表明与对照组相比 ,干预组膳食总能量、脂肪供能比及胆固醇摄入量明显降低 ,血清TC、LDL C和HDL C水平明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且LPL PvuⅡ位点 (+ +)基因型携带者TC和LDL C水平降低幅度大于 (+ - )及 (- - )基因型 ;多元线性回归分析显示膳食干预易感的因素包括LPL(+)等位基因、基限TC、LDL C水平较高以及超重等。本研究可初步得出LPL基因PvuⅡ位点 (+)等位基因与高脂血症人群膳食干预易感性密切相关 ,但限于研究对象的代表性该结论还需要进一步研究支持     

Vulvovaginal candidiasis among symptomatic women of childbearing age attended at a Medical Analysis Laboratory in Franceville,Gabon

BackgroundVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common lower genital tract infections in women; this unpleasant and extremely embarrassing pathology is one of the main reasons for gynaecological consultation. In Gabon, the prevalence of VVC remains poorly described even though VVC is known to be the leading gynaecological condition in several countries. This retrospective cross-sectional study sought to assess the prevalence of VVC among symptomatic women in southeastern Gabon.MethodsClinical samples were collected from patients suspected to have VVC during a 2-year period (from January 2016 to December 2017). Gram staining of vaginal smears provided indications of vaginal flora and confirmed the presence of yeast. Sabouraud-chloramphenicol and chromID Candida media were used to isolate yeast, and species identification was performed using morphological tests and the Vitek 2 Compact automated system.ResultsFor the 873 patients included in this study, the prevalence of VVC was 28.52%. Eleven Candida species were identified, with greater representation of Candida albicans (82.73%) than of Non C. albicans candida (NCAC) (17.27%), which were distributed as follows: Candida famata (4.02%), Candida spp. (3.61%), Candida rugosa (3.21%), Candida lipolytica (1.61%), Candida parapsilosis (1.61%), Candida glabrata (1.21%), Candida tropicalis (0.80%), Candida krusei (0.40%), Candida dubliniensis (0.40%), and Candida sphaerica (0.40%).ConclusionThis study offers the first estimation of VVC among Gabonese women in childbearing age with the symptoms. It showed that VVC is very common in Gabon. C. albicans as the most commonly represented species.     

精神专科医院门诊抑郁症患者服药依从性影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的影响因素.方法:选取2007年5月至10月于北京大学第六医院及北京回龙观医院门诊就诊的123例抑郁症患者,采用自编抑郁症患者就诊状况及服药依从性调查问卷进行调查,内容包括患者一般情况、患病及就诊情况调查、抑郁症发病次数、巩固治疗期坚持服药时间知晓情况及实际服药情况等.分别采用卡方检验及多元Logistic回归分析,探讨上述各因素与服药依从性的相关性.结果:完全依从组(完全按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)和部分依从组(部分按照医嘱时间和剂量服药的患者)在医疗费用支付形式、病程、家属态度、抑郁症阳性家族史、对疾病性质的认识、就诊模式、第一主诉、患病次数、坚持服药时间知晓情况、家庭平均月收入等方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),将患者服药依从情况作为因变量,将以上项目作为自变量进行Logistic回归,结果显示月收入、对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程进入回归方程,各变量比值比分别为:10.932、9.604、7.246、6.019、2.611、0.209.结论:抑郁症患者服药依从性与多方面因素相关,对疾病性质的认识、家属态度、就诊模式、医药费支付形式、病程、家庭平均月收入等是影响抑郁症患者服药依从性的重要因素.     

DRG付费对医生行为和医疗质量的影响研究:以踝关节和脊柱融合术为例

目的探究DRG付费对医生诊疗行为和医疗质量的影响。方法从11家实施DRG付费或模拟测算的三级综合医院中选取12名骨科医生进行半结构化访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步法分析。结果共识别重要陈述308条,形成治疗决策、环节把控、患者管理、医疗质量4项基本结构。DRG付费后,医生更关注住院费用,以检查和手术为代表的诊疗行为发生了变化;医生诊疗行为的改变可能引起医疗质量的变化。结论医生应主动控制成本,制定合理的诊疗方案;医院需强化临床指南的使用,加强对医疗质量的考核,以防范医生不规范诊疗行为的发生。     

儿童青少年睡眠时间与社交焦虑的关联

  目的  分析儿童青少年睡眠时间与社交焦虑的关联,为提倡儿童青少年保持健康的生活方式进而促进心理健康提供依据。  方法  于2020年在北京市采取整群随机抽样的方式招募1 145名7~16岁儿童青少年,对其进行一般身体测量和问卷调查,使用儿童社交焦虑量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评价儿童青少年的社交焦虑症状和睡眠时间。使用t检验比较不同组社交焦虑得分的差异,使用多元线性回归模型分析睡眠时间与社交焦虑之间的关联。  结果  研究对象的社交焦虑平均得分为(5.47±4.18)分,女生、13~16岁、每日中高强度体力活动时间不足和睡眠时间不足的儿童青少年社交焦虑分数较高(t值分别为-4.34,-6.14,3.35,2.93,P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归模型结果显示,在调整相关的混杂因素后,总体的睡眠时间每增加1 h,社交焦虑分数降低0.78分(β=-0.78,95%CI=-1.03~-0.54,P < 0.01),男生和女生的社交焦虑分数分别降低0.60(95%CI=-0.95~-0.25)和0.90(95%CI=-1.24~-0.56)分,7~12和13~16岁儿童青少年的社交焦虑分数分别降低0.75(95%CI=-1.11~-0.40)和0.76分(95%CI=-1.11~-0.41),非超重肥胖和超重肥胖儿童分别降低0.78(95%CI=-1.09~-0.48)和0.81分(95%CI=-1.22~-0.41)(P值均 < 0.01)。  结论  不同性别、年龄、营养状况儿童青少年社交焦虑程度不同,睡眠时间延长与社交焦虑分数降低相关。保证充足的睡眠有助于降低儿童青少年的社交焦虑程度,提高心理健康水平。     

北京市公立医院综合改革对医疗机构技术劳务收入的影响分析

目的:分析北京市医药分开和医耗联动综合改革对不同级别医疗机构体现医务人员技术劳务价值收入部分的影响。方法:利用参与北京市医药分开和医耗联动综合改革363家公立医疗机构2016年1月—2019年12月的监测数据,采用描述性分析结合多重间断时间序列模型,对改革前后不同级别医疗机构技术劳务收入及其占比的变化情况进行分析。结果:医药分开综合改革实施后,三级医院、二级医院、一级医院及社区的技术劳务收入较改革前分别增长了105.4%、119.7%和318.3%,其占比分别增长了5.91、6.44和5.87个百分点;医耗联动综合改革实施后,三级医院、二级医院、一级医院及社区技术劳务收入较改革前分别增长了26.2%、18.3%和11.6%,其占比分别增长了2.31、2.03和0.84个百分点。结论:北京市两项公立医院综合改革的实施有效促进了各级别医疗机构技术劳务收入的增长,医疗费用结构得到优化。建议进一步建立科学合理的医疗服务价格定价及动态调整机制,加强对基层医疗机构的重视,健全医疗服务行为监管体系。     

评估细胞学、HR-HPV在阴道镜检查中发生宫颈癌前病变风险的分层研究

  目的  评估细胞学、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papillomavirus, HR-HPV)与阴道镜结果的不同组合发生宫颈上皮内瘤变≥2级(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse, CIN2+)的风险。  方法  选取2018年1月-2018年12月深圳市妇幼保健院阴道镜门诊数据库中822例患者的临床数据资料,基于细胞学、HR-HPV和阴道镜结果,分析患者发生CIN2+的风险差异。  结果  若发现其中两种检查结果高度异常(细胞学高度上皮内瘤变及以上(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse, HSIL+)、HPV16/18+、阴道镜高级别病变),则发生CIN2+的风险高于60%;若发现三种高度异常,则发生CIN2+的风险为97.1%。  结论  当发现细胞学、HR-HPV和阴道镜结果中≥2种异常情况,未来进展为CIN2+的风险较高,应予以重视,减少不必要的误诊和漏诊。     

Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.     

Longitudinal Changes in the Concentration of Major Human Milk Proteins in the First Six Months of Lactation and Their Effects on Infant Growth

Our knowledge related to human milk proteins is still limited. The present study determined the changes in multiple human milk proteins during the first six months of lactation, investigated the influencing factors of milk proteins, and explored the impact of milk proteins on infant growth. A total of 105 lactating women and their full-term infants from China were prospectively surveyed in this research. Milk samples were collected at 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. Concentrations of total protein and α-lactalbumin were measured in all milk samples, and concentrations of lactoferrin, osteopontin, total casein, β-casein, α_s−1 casein, and κ-casein were measured in milk from 51 individuals using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentration of measured proteins in the milk decreased during the first six months of postpartum (p-trend < 0.001). Maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal education, and income impacted the longitudinal changes in milk proteins (p-interaction < 0.05). Concentrations of α_s−1 casein in milk were inversely associated with the weight-for-age Z-scores of the infants (1 m: r −0.29, p 0.038; 6 m: r −0.33, p 0.020). In conclusion, the concentration of proteins in milk decreased over the first six months postpartum, potentially influenced by maternal demographic and delivery factors. Milk protein composition may influence infant weights.