A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

我国HIV感染者合并感染HBV现况

目的通过文献回顾,了解我国HIV感染者中HBV感染的流行特征。方法通过对2010-2019年文献检索、文献筛选、质量评价等过程,收集我国有关HIV感染者合并感染HBV的研究文献,对符合纳入标准的文献提取相关数据后进行Meta分析。结果共纳入27项研究,合并样本量为69816例;我国HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率为11.29%,西部地区(10.73%)和南部地区(14.18%)的合并感染率较高,北部地区(6.36%)最低;血液或血液制品传播、注射吸毒传播、同性性传播、异性性传播、传播途径不详和母婴传播的HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率分别为11.22%、12.76%、9.58%、11.32%、10.34%和2.87%。在HIV各种传播途径中,经母婴传播的HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率最低;南部地区男性HIV感染者的HBV感染率是女性的1.29倍。结论我国HIV感染者的HBV感染率明显高于普通人群的HBV感染率;应加强HIV/HBV共感染者的预防控制。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测消毒产品中13种抗生素

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立消毒产品中8类13种抗生素的检测方法。方法样品经甲醇或乙腈提取后,经Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,三重四级杆串联质谱仪检测。结果13种选定的抗生素在4~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.991,检出限为2~25μg/kg。在3种不同剂型的消毒产品中,低、中、高3个浓度加标水平的回收率为71.2%~130.4%,相对标准偏差均小于11.3%,满足消毒产品中抗生素违法添加的检测要求。运用建立的方法,在一份膏霜剂型的消毒产品中检测出氧氟沙星,含量为21.1 mg/kg,其余样品中均未检出相关物质。结论该方法简单、可靠、重现性好,覆盖的抗生素种类多。     

建成环境对南京市儿童青少年体力活动影响

目的分析不同建成环境特征对江苏省南京地区儿童青少年体力活动水平的影响,为提高儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学依据。方法于2018年5—6月采用现况研究设计,使用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选择南京市12个行政区4~12年级学生(9~17岁儿童青少年)共4401人进行问卷调查,采用国际上通用体力活动居住环境量表(PANES)来评价建成环境的特征;采用多水平logistic回归方法分析不同建成环境特征对南京市儿童青少年体力活动水平的影响。结果调查的4401名儿童青少年体力活动水平充足比例为21.1%(930/4401)。以学校为随机因素,在调整了年龄、性别以及父母最高文化水平后,多水平logistic回归分析结果显示,社区道路具有人行道(OR=1.40,95%CI=1.10~1.78)、社区具有隔离的自行车车道(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.12~1.67)对儿童青少年体力活动水平具有促进作用。以小学、初中、高中进行分层,结果显示,初中组社区具有隔离的自行车车道(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.11~2.27)以及高中组看到社区居民积极锻炼身体(OR=1.88,95%CI=1.05~3.39)对儿童青少年体力活动水平具有促进作用。结论不同建成环境特征能够明显影响儿童青少年体力活动水平,建成环境作为影响儿童青少年体力活动水平的一个可控因素应引起更多关注。     

南京市2015—2019年肺结核流行特征分析

目的 分析南京市肺结核的流行病学特征,为政府制定科学的控制策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性分析、季节指数法以及时空重排扫描法对南京市2015—2019年肺结核登记报告数据进行分析。结果 2015—2019年南京市共登记报告11 761例肺结核病例, 肺结核报告发病率分别为32.47/10万、29.39/10万、24.67/10万、26.30/10万、27.00/10万,总体呈现下降趋势。病例中病原学阳性5 592例（47.55%）。2015—2019年全市2月份确诊病例数较少,4月份、9月份确诊病例的较多。时空重排扫描统计发现1个一类聚集区和5个二类聚集区,主要覆盖高淳区、浦口区、江宁区、六合区、江北新区以及鼓楼区所辖的相关街道。其中,一类聚集区覆盖高淳区全部辖区范围（8个街道）,聚集时间为2015/1/1—2017/6/30 (RR = 2.32,LLR = 181.87 , P＜0.001)。结论 2015—2019年南京市肺结核病例存在明显聚集区域,可以为制定科学、精准的区域性防控策略提供参考。     

2011年与2017年南京市≥25岁居民归因于豆类摄入不足的缺血性心脏病疾病负担研究

目的了解2011年与2017年南京25岁及以上人群归因于豆类摄入不足的缺血性心脏病(IHD)疾病负担和期望寿命损失情况,为IHD的饮食防控策略提供数据支撑。方法本研究资料来源于2011年和2017年南京市慢性病及其危险因素监测、南京市死因监测和2017全球疾病负担(GBD)资料,采用GBD团队提供的Excel插件程序计算人群归因分值(PAF),估算豆类摄入不足导致的IHD死亡和寿命损失。使用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验。结果2017年,南京市因豆类摄入不足导致IHD的死亡例数占IHD总死亡例数的13.73%,较2011年(12.44%)增长了10.37%。2017年南京市归因于豆类摄入不足的IHD死亡例数和过早死亡损失寿命年(YLL)分别为645例、8116人年,较2011年(449例、6610人年)分别上升43.65%、22.78%;而标化归因死亡率和标化YLL率分别由2011年的11.05/10万、155.72/10万下降至2017年的8.86/10万、118.66/10万,下降率分别为19.82%、23.80%。2017年,豆类摄入不足导致的IHD死亡使期望寿命损失0.17岁,男性、女性分别损失0.13、0.21岁;与2011年相比,2017年男性、女性及总人群归因于豆类摄入不足的期望寿命损失均上升。结论豆类摄入不足已成为影响南京市居民死亡和期望寿命的饮食危险因素之一,应积极倡导合理膳食,增加居民豆类摄入水平,从而减少心血管疾病负担。     

504名放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率分析

目的 了解长期接触低剂量电离辐射的放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率的总体水平,为采取相应的放射防护措施提供依据。方法 以2019年1—12月504名资料完整的在岗放射工作人员为放射组,以岗前职业健康检查拟从事放射工作的105名健康成年人为对照组,2组均采用常规培养法测定周围血淋巴细胞微核率,分析比较检测结果。结果 放射组微核率高于对照组（P < 0.001）;女性放射工作人员微核率高于男性（P < 0.01）;不同年龄组微核率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,其中年龄41～50岁的微核率高于21～30岁（P < 0.05）;不同工龄组微核率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,其中21～30年的微核率高于0～10年（P < 0.05）;不同工种间的微核率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）,放射治疗岗位人员的微核率较其他岗位最高;不同级别的单位放射工作人员微核率中,市级医院最高,其中省级医院与企业（P < 0.05）、市级医院之间（P < 0.01）的微核率的差异有统计学意义。结论 放射工作人员的微核率高于非接触人员,女性的微核率高于男性,放射治疗的工作人员的微核率较高,应加强对此类人群的放射防护与日常管理。     

2016—2018年田湾核电站周边饮用水中总放射性水平分析

目的 了解田湾核电站周边的饮用水中总放射性本底水平。方法 根据原国家卫生计划委员会方案要求在田湾核电站周围开展枯水期、丰水期饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平监测,采集水样包括水源水、出厂水、末梢水及水库水。结果 2016—2018年共35个采样点监测水样200份。枯水期总α、总β放射性水平分别为（0.038 ±0.033） Bq/L、（0.11 ±0.03） Bq/L,丰水期总α、总β放射性水平分别为（0.038 ±0.024） Bq/L、（0.11 ±0.03） Bq/L。枯水期的水源水其他水中总α、总β放射性水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05）。不同年份的水中总α、总β放射性水平差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05)。距核电站不同距离的水中总α、总β放射性水平差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 田湾核电站周边的饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平均符合生活饮用水标准,应坚持定期、定点、持续开展监测,并在此基础上开展放射性核素监测和放射生态学调查等研究。考虑到我国核电站周边人员密集,应加强人员的核应急培训。     

Establishment of a model to assess mumps virus neurovirulence in neonatal Wistar rats

Mumps virus (MuV) is highly neurotropic and neurovirulent, hence, the neurovirulence of virus seeds used in the production of mumps vaccines must be tested. The previous neurovirulence evaluation method involves measuring the area of the cavity in the Lewis neonatal rat brain caused by MuV through paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. However, the processes of paraffin sectioning and HE staining are time consuming and complicated. To solve this problem, in this study, a vibratome sectioning system was first deployed to evaluate MuV neurovirulence in the rat brain instead of paraffin sectioning and HE staining. The results showed that the vibratome sectioning method could assess the neurovirulence potential of MuV more objectively and efficiently. In addition, the effects of different MuV doses and the ages of the rats in days on this evaluation method were explored. The results indicate that MuV at no less than 10 50 % cell culture infective dose (CCID₅₀) could cause obvious cavity formation in 1-day-old rat brains. The neonatal rat model developed in this study could evaluate the neurovirulence of different MuV strains with high sensitivity and good repeatability.     

miR-146a-5p regulates autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in epithelial barrier damage in the in vitro cell model of ulcerative colitis through the RNF8/Notch1/mTORC1 pathway

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon that can be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aims to investigate the impact of miR-146a-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cell autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanism, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets. We used LPS to establish Caco-2/HT-29 cell models and measured cell viability by CCK-8. The levels of miR-146a-5p, RNF8, markers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy, proteins involved in the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway, and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Autophagic flux was measured using tandem fluorescent-labeled LC3. miR-146a-5p was highly-expressed in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells, and autophagy flux was blocked at the autolysosomal stage after LPS induction. Inhibition of miR-146a-5p suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduced intestinal epithelial barrier damage, and facilitated autophagy inhibition in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells. The autophagy inhibitor NH4Cl partially nullified the inhibitory effects of miR-146a-5p inhibition on NLRP3 inflammation activation. miR-146a-5p targeted RNF8, and silencing RNF8 partly abrogated the action of miR-146a-5p inhibition on promoting autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. miR-146a-5p inhibition suppressed the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway activation by upregulating RNF8. Inhibition of the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway partially nullified the function of silencing RNF8 on inhibiting autophagy and bolstering NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, miR-146a-5p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach for UC, as it facilitates autophagy of LPS-stimulated Caco-2/HT-29 cells, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduces intestinal epithelial barrier damage by upregulating RNF8 and suppressing the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway.