2011—2015年江苏省饮水型氟中毒流行病学特征分析

目的了解江苏省饮水型氟中毒病区防治措施的实施进度,动态监测病情变化趋势,综合评价改水等其他因素对病情的影响。方法于2011-2015年,选择江苏省徐州沛县、连云港东海县、宿迁泗洪县3个氟中毒监测县,每个县抽取3个村共9个村做为监测村,采集水样并检测水氟值,按Dean法对全部8~12岁儿童的氟斑牙进行检查。结果 2011-2015年儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为33.68%(194/576),29.43%(176/598),27.26%(190/697),24.26%(163/672),26.84%(222/827),呈下降趋势(χ^2=88.821,P<0.05)。男童、女童的氟斑牙检出率分别为27.51%(631/2 294)和29.18%(314/1 076),差异无统计学意义(χ^2=6.785,P>0.05)。8~12岁儿童的氟斑牙检出率分别为28.57%(148/518),31.54%(211/669),27.91%(187/670),26.97%(192/712),25.84%(207/801),差异无统计学意义(χ^2=16.423,P>0.05)。未改水监测村、改水水氟超标监测村、改水水氟合格监测村氟斑牙检出率分别为36.58%(117/320),52.46%(192/366),23.70%(636/2 684),其中,改水水氟超标监测村儿童的氟斑牙检出率高于未改水监测村和改水水氟合格监测村,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=26.694、31.469,均P<0.05);而改水水氟合格监测村与未改水监测村儿童的氟斑牙检出率间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.131,P>0.05)。结论江苏省饮水型氟中毒总体病情逐步得到控制,改水后水氟超标对儿童氟斑牙影响较大。     

A randomized,open label trial to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and safety of a novel liquid hexavalent DTwP-Hib/Hep B-IPV (EasySix™) to licensed combination vaccines in healthy infants

Immunogenicity and safety of a newly developed liquid DTwP-Hib/HepB-IPV hexavalent vaccine (EasySix™) was evaluated and compared with administration of commercially licensed Pentavac SD® (DTwP-HepB/Hib) and Imovax Polio® vaccine in an open-label, randomized multi-centric trial. 284 participants, aged 6–10 weeks, randomized in a 1:1 allocation, received three doses of test or comparator vaccines, administered 4 weeks apart. Immunogenicity of the vaccines was determined by measuring the baseline and post-vaccination antibody responses and comparing the proportions of subjects achieving seroprotection against the vaccine antigens; safety was evaluated in terms of solicited (local and systemic) and unsolicited incidences in the follow up phase. Post-vaccination, seroprotection was achieved against all six vaccine antigens in both vaccine groups. The seroresponse rate as well as geometric mean titers of antibody for all vaccine components were comparable between EasySix™ and Pentavac SD®-Imovax Polio® group. Both vaccines had similar reactogenicity profiles and were well tolerated; all adverse events resolved completely without any sequelae. Only one serious adverse event was reported that completely resolved; it was regarded unconnected to the vaccine administered. This study demonstrated that immunogenicity and safety profiles of EasySix™ vaccine, manufactured by Panacea Biotec Ltd, are non-inferior to the commercially available vaccines.Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2015/02/005578.     

Vaccines and the risk of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

BackgroundIt is important to examine the risk of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study between January 2011 and December 2015. Four controls per case were matched for age, gender, address. An independent expert committee validated the diagnoses of cases and controls. Data on vaccinations were obtained from computerized vaccination records. The analyses were conducted with the use of conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe analyses include 272 cases of ADEM and 1096 controls. No increase in the risk of ADEM was observed for vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, polio(live), diphtheria, pertuss(acellular), tetanusis, measles, mumps, rubella, Japanese Encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis A, varicella and rabies vaccines. Vaccine was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk in the 31–60-day exposure interval (OR, 4.04 [95% CI, 1.07–12.69]), but not the 0–30 and 61–180-day interval. There was no association between vaccine received and the recurrence of ADEM.ConclusionsFindings from the present study do not demonstrate an association of vaccines with an increased risk of ADEM and its recurrence among either paediatric (≤18 years) or adult (>18 years) individuals within the 180 days after vaccinations. The finding in children in the 31–60 day risk interval is likely coincidental and was not confirmed in separate self-control analyses.     

重组酶介导等温扩增技术检测疟原虫方法的建立和评价

目的 建立一种重组酶介导等温扩增技术（RAA）检测疟原虫的方法。方法 针对疟原虫属保守18S小亚基核糖体RNA （18S rRNA）基因设计特异性引物,筛选确定最佳引物对组合并建立疟原虫重组酶介导核酸等温扩增体系。通过该RAA体系检测疟原虫标准质粒、4种疟原虫[恶性疟原虫( Plasmodium falciparum, P.f )、间日疟原虫( P. vivax, P.v)、三日疟原虫( P. malaria, P.m)、卵形疟原虫( P. ovale, Po)]病原体以及其他6种输血传播寄生虫（婴儿利士曼原虫、杜氏利士曼原虫、刚地弓形虫、溶组织阿米巴虫、犬吉氏巴贝西虫、田鼠巴贝虫）,以评估该体系的灵敏度和特异度。 结果 筛选出一组扩增效果较好的引物对,整个RAA体系使用最佳引物对在37 ℃,20 min即可完成扩增,对标准质粒的检测下限为10^-2 copies/μL,恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫为10² copies/μL,三日疟原虫为10 copies/μL。RAA检测体系未与其他输血传播寄生虫产生交叉反应,特异性良好。应用RAA方法检测外籍学生献血者标本,结果与荧光定量PCR结果一致。结论 成功建立了一种快速、简便和特异的疟原虫RAA检测方法,将会给血液筛查和一些基层偏远医院的临床检测提供很大帮助。     

脊髓灰质炎病毒与F_2噬菌体对部分消毒剂抗力的比较研究

采用悬液定量试验,观察了脊髓灰质炎病毒对过氧乙酸、有机含氯消毒剂、二氧化氯等消毒剂的抗力并与大肠杆菌F2噬菌体作平行比较。结果,过氧乙酸对脊髓灰质炎病毒的灭活对数值>5.00,需要500 mg/L作用30m in;对F2噬菌体的灭活对数值>5.00,需要1500 mg/L作用60 m in。二氧化氯对脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活对数值>5.00,需要200 mg/L作用5 m in;对F2噬菌体灭活对数值>5.00,需要300 mg/L作用5 m in。有机含氯消毒剂对脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活对数值>5.00,需要有效氯500 mg/L作用30 m in;对F2噬菌体灭活对数值>5.00,需要有效氯1000 mg/L作用10 m in。结论,脊髓灰质炎病毒对过氧乙酸抗力明显低于大肠杆菌F2噬菌体;脊髓灰质炎病毒对有机含氯消毒剂和二氧化氯的抗力均略低于大肠杆菌F2噬菌体。     

Randomised controlled trial: effect of metformin add-on therapy on functional cure in entecavir-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B

Introduction and ObjectivesHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance, indicating functional cure or resolved chronic hepatitis B (CHB), remains difficult to achieve via nucleos(t)ide analogue monotherapy. We investigated whether metformin add-on therapy could help achieve this goal in entecavir-treated patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB.Patients and MethodsPatients with HBeAg-negative CHB who met eligibility criteria (entecavir treatment for > 12 months, HBsAg < 1000 IU/mL) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 24 weeks of either metformin (1000 mg, oral, once a day) or placebo (oral, once a day) add-on therapy. The group allocation was blinded for both patients and investigators. Efficacy and safety analyses were based on the intention-to-treat set. The primary outcome, serum HBsAg level (IU/mL) at weeks 24 and 36, was analysed using mixed models.ResultsSixty eligible patients were randomly assigned to the metformin (n = 29) and placebo (n = 31) groups. There was no substantial between-group difference in the HBsAg level at week 24 (adjusted mean difference 0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.04 to 0.13, p = 0.278) or week 36 (0.06, -0.03 to 0.15, p = 0.187), and no significant effect of group-by-time interaction on the HBsAg level throughout the trial (p = 0.814). The occurrence of total adverse events between the two groups was comparable (9 [31.0%] of 29 vs. 5 [16.1%] of 31, p = 0.227) and no patient experienced serious adverse events during the study.ConclusionAlthough it was safe, metformin add-on therapy did not accelerate HBsAg clearance in entecavir-treated patients with HBeAg-negative CHB.     

江苏省糖尿病死亡率变化趋势分析

目的 了解江苏省居民糖尿病死亡率及其变化趋势.方法 利用1973-1975年、1990-1992年、2003-2005年三次全死因回顾调查数据以及2010-2011年江苏省死因监测登记数据,分别计算糖尿病死亡率和标化死亡率,并进行比较分析.结果 江苏省居民糖尿病死亡率由1973-1975年的2.21/10万上升到2010-2011年的14.08/10万,累计增长536.67％.标化死亡率由1973-1975年的1.80/10万上升到2010-2011年的4.43/10万,累计增长145.41％.各时期女性糖尿病死亡率均大于男性,且死亡率随年龄增长而升高,55岁以上年龄组糖尿病死亡率近40年来上升显著.江苏省城市和农村居民糖尿病死亡率均明显增长,城市居民糖尿病死亡率高于农村居民.结论 近四十年来年江苏省居民糖尿病死亡率上升明显,应加强糖尿病相关健康教育和行为干预.     

江苏省男男性行为者HIV新发感染状况及影响因素研究

目的了解江苏省男男性行为者（menwhohavesexwithmen,MSM）HIV新发感染状况及影响因素。方法2011年在江苏省8个地级市招募MSM,并进行问卷调查及实验室检测,应用BEDHIV一1IgG捕获酶免疫（BED-CEIA）法检出其中的新发感染者,以HIV阴性MSM为对照,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析HIV新发感染的影响因素。结果共招募2432名MSM,HIV新发感染率为4．67％（95％CI：3．44％～5．89％）,HIV阴性和新发感染者之间在户籍省、文化程度、最近6个月是否与同性发生肛交、最近1次同性肛交是否使用安全套、最近6个月同性肛交安全套使用率及是否正在感染梅毒等变量上差异有统计学意义（均有P〈0．05）,多因素分析外省籍、文化程度低、最近1次同性肛交未使用安全套及正在感染梅毒是MSM人群HIV新发感染的主要危险因素。结论江苏省MSM人群中HIV新发感染率较高,提示HIV在该人群中正快速传播,必须加大防控力度;影响新发感染的主要因素仍为无保护性肛交及正在感染梅毒等。     

烯虫酯对淡色库蚊幼虫剂量效应的实验研究

目的观察烯虫酯对淡色库蚊幼虫阶段的影响。方法采用浸渍法,观察蛹死亡和正常羽化情况。结果烯虫酯第7天致蛹死亡,LC50为2.165 8×10-8mg/ml,抑制蛹羽化作用的EC50为1.8105×10-8mg/ml;第11天致蛹死亡,LC50为1.949 4×10-8mg/ml,抑制蛹羽化作用的EC50为1.860 9×10-8mg/ml。结论烯虫酯影响淡色库蚊蛹到羽化阶段,可致蛹死亡,羽化率降低。     

甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的分析甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的浓度比值与胰岛素抵抗的关系,为筛查胰岛素抵抗的高危人群提供依据。方法利用2012年江苏省慢性病及危险因素监测流动人口专题调查资料,采用问卷调查、体格测量、实验室检测等方法收集人口统计学信息、慢性病防治情况、行为危险因素情况及血脂等信息。采用多元线性回归分析指标的影响大小,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）及非条件logistic回归分析指标的筛查价值。结果 TG/HDL-C比值对空腹胰岛素水平具有显著影响（标准化偏回归系数：男性为0.243,女性为0.254,P〈0.01）,对于胰岛素抵抗的ROC曲线下面积：男性为0.73（95%CI：0.69-0.77）,女性为0.63（95%CI：0.58-0.67）。以TG/HDL-C比值男性≥1.12、女性≥0.71作为筛查胰岛素抵抗的适宜切点,比值高于切点人群的胰岛素抵抗患病率是比值低于切点人群的2.43倍,患病风险是低于切点人群的2.7倍（95%CI：2.1-3.5）。结论 TG/HDL-C比值与空腹胰岛素水平密切相关,对于在成年非糖尿病人群中筛查胰岛素抵抗具有一定价值。