In Vitro Efficacy of Antiviral Compounds against Enterovirus D68

In 2014, the United States experienced a large outbreak of severe respiratory illness associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). We used a homogeneous, cell-based assay to assess the antiviral activity of compounds developed for EV/rhinovirus infection or other indications. Three of 15 compounds were highly active against all four strains tested (the prototype and three 2014 strains), with 50% effective concentrations of 0.0012 to 0.027 μM. Additional studies are needed to assess their in vivo efficacy against EV-D68.     

2015—2017年中国城市居民早诊断意识现况及相关因素分析

目的分析2015—2017年中国城市居民早诊断意识现状及其相关因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,于2015—2017年以2015年度城市癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场,采用整群及方便抽样的方法,将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究。共纳入32257名研究对象,社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15524、8016、2289、6428名。采用自制的调查问卷收集一般人口学特征、早诊断意识(假如自己体检查出异常结果的情况后是否去医院确诊、假如亲人或好朋友体检中查出异常结果的情况后是否会建议其及时确诊)等信息,采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析早诊断意识的相关因素。结果假如自己体检查出异常结果的情况,89.29%(28802名)对象选择进一步就医寻求确诊;假如亲人或好朋友体检查出异常结果的情况,89.55%(28886名)对象建议对方及时确诊。多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析结果显示,相对于事业单位人员/公务员、2014年家庭年总收入2.0万元以下、西部地区及癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群,公司职员,2014年家庭年总收入4.0万元及以上者,东部和中部地区人群,更倾向于去医院进一步确诊;而无业人员和社区居民倾向于不去医院确诊(P值均<0.05)。结论2015—2017年中国城市居民的肿瘤早诊断意识整体较好,职业、家庭年总收入、地区和人群分组是早诊断意识的相关因素。     

河南省1995～2009年艾滋病疫情分析

目的了解河南省艾滋病流行情况,为制定科学的防控措施提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病综合防治信息系统中"历史卡片下载"处下载1995～2009年河南省累计报告HIV感染者和艾滋病患者数据库。描述历年报告HIV感染者和艾滋病患者的地区和人群分布特征。结果截至2009年底全省累计报告HIV感染者和艾滋病患者46187例,主要聚集在豫东南6个省辖市;男女比例2004～2008年基本一致,到2009年略有增大,为1.36︰1;年龄主要集中在20～49岁组,但60岁以上病例数由1995年的0.9%上升到2009年的7.8%;既往有偿采供血构成比从1995年的93.8%下降到2009年的30.0%;性传播构成比从1995年的2.7%上升到2009年的34.3%;婚外性传播病例所占性传播的比例由2006年的24.6%上升到2009年的51.2%。结论河南省艾滋病流行在既往有偿献血人群仍然占有相当比例,但性传播和婚外性传播病例已经占主要部分,艾滋病流行模式正在转向性传播为主。     

Stakeholders’ perceptions of family-centred care in the intensive care unit: An associative group analysis

AimTo explore different stakeholders’ including nurses, health care professionals and family member’s perceptions of ideal family-centred care in an intensive care unit.Research design and methodsWe used a mixed method approach to identify perceptions of family-centred care with 60 stakeholders of equal numbers who voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected over one month using an associative group analysis method. The responses were ranked, scored, thematically themed and weighted.SettingA 23 bed adult intensive care unit in an urban private hospital in South Africa.FindingsAccording to the stakeholders’ responses, ideal family-centred care should be built around communication based on expectations and engagement. In addition, the physical environment should allow for overall comfort and spiritual care must be incorporated.ConclusionStakeholders had similar perceptions on the main themes however; nuances of different perspectives were identified showing some of the complexities related to family-centred care. Spiritual care was highlighted by the family members, revealing the need to broaden the care perspectives of healthcare providers.     

2015—2017年中国城市居民对肿瘤防治知识的需求、获取途径及相关因素分析

目的分析2015—2017年中国城市居民对肿瘤防治知识的需求情况、获取途径及相关因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,于2015—2017年以2015年度城市癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场,采用整群及方便抽样的方法,将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究,共32257名,社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15524、8016、2289、6428名。采用自制的调查问卷收集一般人口学特征、肿瘤防治知识需求情况、获取途径及影响其态度的原因等资料。以χ2检验分析不同特征研究对象肿瘤预防知识需求率的差异;采用logistic回归模型分析肿瘤防治知识的相关因素。结果研究对象整体对肿瘤防治知识的需求率为79.5%,在肿瘤患病的诱因、症状表现、诊断方法防治知识方面,职业人群的需求率最高(P值均<0.001),分别为66.8%、71.0%、20.8%,在治疗方法和治疗费用防治知识方面,现患癌症患者的需求率最高,分别为45.9%和21.9%。肿瘤防治知识获取途径排在前三位的分别为"广播或电视(69.5%)""书报、海报或宣传册(44.7%)"和"家人朋友(33.8%)"。与事业单位人员/公务员、未婚/同居/离婚/丧偶及其他、2014年家庭年收入<2.0万元人民币、东部地区、未被诊断过癌症、自评有患癌风险人群相比,企业人员/工人、已婚、2014年家庭年收入6.0万~14.9万元、中部地区、患有癌症、自评不清楚自身是否有患癌风险的人群对肿瘤防治知识需求意愿相对较高(P值均<0.05)。结论2015—2017年我国城市居民肿瘤防治知识需求率较高,肿瘤防治知识主要获取途径为广播或电视;职业、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、区域、健康状态、患病风险是肿瘤防治需求情况的主要相关因素。     

不同病原体导致感染性腹泻的症状特征与差异研究

目的 了解不同病原体导致感染性腹泻相关症状的特征与区别。方法 基于2010-2016年我国20个省份的腹泻症候群感染性腹泻病原学监测,收集因急性腹泻就诊的门急诊病例,调查病例基本信息、采集粪便标本,进行共22种常见致泻病原体的病原学检测,分析不同病原体导致患者腹泻的临床症状模式特征。结果 共收集腹泻就诊病例38 950例。分别对5种致泻病毒核酸检测,轮状病毒阳性率最高（18.29%）,其次为诺如病毒（13.06%）;对17种致泻细菌分离培养,致泻性大肠埃希菌分离率最高（6.25%）。细菌性与病毒性腹泻的临床特征差异主要体现在粪便性状与便常规检验结果,但致病性弧菌感染与病毒性腹泻较为相似。结论 不同病原体导致感染性腹泻的症状存在不同的特征,可为临床诊断提供依据。     

Comparative evaluation of ELPylated virus-like particle vaccine with two commercial PCV2 vaccines by experimental challenge

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen and vaccination is the primary tool for the disease control. Previously, we developed a more cost-effective PCV2 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine by using ELPylation technology. In the present study, we compared the ELPylated VLP (ELP-VLP) PCV2 vaccine efficacy with commercial inactivated Yuanlijia vaccine and VLP-based Circoflex vaccine by experimental challenge. After one dose of vaccination with the three different vaccines, ELP-VLP vaccine group showed significantly (p < 0.05) stronger virus neutralizing antibody and interferon-γ responses than the two commercial vaccine groups. All vaccinated pigs showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in average daily weight gain (ADWG) before challenge. After challenge with PCV2, however, only ELP-VLP-vaccinated pigs showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in ADWG. All vaccinated pigs showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in PCV2 loads in the blood, nasal secretion and lymph nodes, ELP-VLP-vaccinated pigs in particular. In addition, vaccination with ELP-VLP vaccine provided stronger protection against pulmonary and lymphoid pathologies than that with the two commercial vaccines. Therefore, ELP-VLP vaccine is more effective to control PCV2 infection than the two commercial vaccines based on clinical, immunological, virological and pathological evaluations.     

Clinical progression and predictors of death in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China

BackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease of which the clinical progression and factors related to death are still unclear.ObjectiveTo identify the clinical progression of SFTS and explore predictors of fatal outcome throughout the disease progress.Study designA prospective study was performed in a general hospital located in Xinyang city during 2011–2013. Confirmed SFTS patients were recruited and laboratory parameters that were commonly evaluated in clinical practice were collected. The clinical progression was determined based on analysis of dynamic profiles and Friedman's test. At each clinical stage, the laboratory features that could be used to predict fatal outcome of SFTS patients were identified by stepwise discriminant analysis.ResultsTotally 257 survivors and 54 deceased SFTS patients were recruited and the data of 11 clinical and laboratory parameters along their entire disease course were consecutively collected. Three clinical stages (day 1–5 post onset, day 6–11 post onset and day 12 to hospital discharge) were determined based on distinct clinical parameters evaluations. Multivariate discriminant analysis at each clinical stage disclosed the indicators of the fatal outcome as decreased platelet counts at early stage, older age and increased AST level at middle stage, and decreased lymphocyte percentage and increased LDH level at late stage.ConclusionsThe significant indicators at three clinical stages could be used to assist identifying the patients with high risk of death. This knowledge might help to perform supportive treatment and avoid fatality.     

Clinical,histopathological and genetic studies in a family with fatal familial insomnia

We compared clinical data from two related Chinese patients with fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and collected information about their pedigree. The clinical features in the two cases were similar and included initial progressive insomnia and sympathetic activation, which persisted throughout the clinical course. A total of 135 members of this family, across seven generations, were retrospectively investigated. Eleven family members, including the two FFI cases, were found to have died with similar neurological problems. Analysis of PRNP in 32 family members revealed eleven carrying the D178N allele, including the two FFI patients. Spongiform degeneration in brains was not found, but gliosis was obvious in the thalamus of the two cases at postmortem. Proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrP) was not found in proband's brain by immunohistochemistry, but observed in some areas of brain for both cases by PrP-specific Western blot. Investigation of the pedigree has led to the identification of an additional 9 family members who had similar clinical symptoms and 9 currently healthy individuals with the D178N mutation.     

Human papillomavirus,cervical cancer and women's knowledge

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor for cervical cancer. Methods: We implemented a retrospective case-series study to discern HPV knowledge accuracy among women diagnosed with and treated for cervical cancer. Cases (n = 1174), identified from the Pathology database, were diagnosed and treated for cervical cancer at the same institution. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and by reviewing medical records. Results: A total of 328 (27.9%) women returned the completed forms. Only 19% of the respondents had identified HPV as the primary risk factor for cervical cancer. Environmental pollutants, radiation exposure, poor dietary habits, excessive physical activity and family history of cervical cancer were listed as risk factors among many others. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine variables that were best associated with HPV knowledge accuracy. Age and education were the two variables that were statistically associated with the outcome. Younger and more educated women who participated in this study were more likely to know about the association between HPV infection and the risk of cervical cancer. Conclusions: Cervical cancer risk factor knowledge, especially knowledge about HPV is low, even among women with the history of cervical cancer. Younger and more educated women are more likely to have HPV and cervical cancer knowledge accuracy. The importance of personal health practices and the focus on health education should be equally emphasized to achieve successful cancer prevention through vaccination.