三组中药对耐药菌株的联合作用研究

 目的探讨中药对耐药菌株的联合抑菌作用。方法采用药基法测定了黄芩、大黄、蒲公英、大青叶、鸡屎藤、柳叶白前乙醇提取物对耐药菌株的抑制作用,用棋盘试验法评价了黄芩与大黄、蒲公英与大青叶、鸡屎藤与柳叶白前对耐药菌株的联合作用,用沙门氏菌耐药株人工感染小鼠,观察了鸡屎藤与柳叶白前配伍的体内抗感染效果。结果黄芩、大黄对金黄色葡萄球菌标准株与耐药株的MIC相同,对其他几株耐药菌有较好的抑制作用,蒲公英、大青叶、鸡屎藤、柳叶白前作用较弱,黄芩与大黄存在部分协同或相加作用,蒲公英与大青叶为拮抗作用,鸡屎藤与柳叶白前为部分协同作用并具有较好的体内抗感染作用。结论黄芩与大黄配伍、鸡屎藤与柳叶白前配伍对耐药菌株有较好的抑制作用。     

黄背越橘化学成分的研究

利用硅胶柱色谱反复层析从黄背越橘的乙酸乙酯部分分得7个化合物,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定,分别为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅰ),熊果酸(ursolic acid,Ⅱ),蒲公英萜醇(taraxerol,Ⅲ),蒲公英萜酮(taraxerone,Ⅳ),木栓酮(friedelin,Ⅴ),木栓醇(friedelinol,Ⅵ),19,24-d ihydroxyurs-12-en-3-one-28-oic ac id(Ⅶ).     

吴茱萸的1H-NMR指纹图谱解析

目的对吴茱萸Evodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth.的1H-NMR指纹图谱进行解析。方法应用硅胶柱色谱法分离吴茱萸的SCEA和SCEB化学成分,鉴定其结构,并对SCEA和SCEB进行1H-NMR研究,从而实现吴茱萸的1H-NMR指纹图谱的解析。结果吴茱萸SCEA的1H-NMR指纹图谱,主要显示evodiamine、rutaecarpine、dehydroevodiamine 3个化合物的特征共振信号,吴茱萸SCEB的1H-NMR指纹图谱,主要显示dehydroevodiamine的特征共振信号。不同来源的样品其1H-NMR指纹图谱有很好的重现性和特征性。结论吴茱萸的1H-NMR指纹图谱可用于其基源鉴定。     

HPLC法测定麻杏石甘汤传统汤剂及颗粒汤剂中苦杏仁苷含量

目的:测定麻杏石甘汤传统汤剂及颗粒汤剂中苦杏仁苷含量。方法:采用HPLC法测定麻杏石甘汤传统汤剂与颗粒汤剂液中苦杏仁苷含量,选Diamonisl C18柱,流动相水-甲醇(23∶77),检测波长为215 nm。结果:麻杏石甘汤传统汤剂中苦杏仁苷含量为17.74 mg/g,颗粒汤剂中甘草酸含量为24.80 mg/g。结论:颗粒汤剂的苦杏仁苷含量极显著地高于传统汤剂中苦杏仁苷的含量。     

5种药用杜鹃种子形态研究

目的:对5种药用杜鹃的种子形态进行观察,为其种类鉴别提供科学依据。方法:利用扫描电子显微镜对杜鹃种子进行观察。结果:杜鹃Rhododendrsimsi属无翅类型,张口杜鹃R.augustini,大白杜鹃R.decorum,马樱杜鹃R.delavayi和喇叭杜鹃R.discolor等属有翅类型,后4种杜鹃形态之间也有差异。结论:利用扫描电镜对5种药用杜鹃种子观察可以明显辨别种间差异。     

男性垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术治疗疗效分析

目的总结男性垂体泌乳素(PRL)腺瘤的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析102例行手术治疗的男性垂体PRL腺瘤病人的临床资料。平均年龄36.55岁。血清泌乳素63.5～150000ng/ml,肿瘤最大径4～70mm。本组头痛50例,视力障碍47例,视野缺损41例,性功能障碍59例。根据Knosp分级方法,其中侵袭性腺瘤60例。结果肿瘤全切除56例,次全切除46例。经手术及综合治疗后,PRL水平降至正常15例(14.71%),明显下降21例(20.59%);性功能障碍恢复正常17例,头痛消失或明显改善38例,视力障碍恢复正常或改善39例,视野缺损恢复正常或改善37例。结论男性PRL腺瘤病人具有年龄高、肿瘤大且多呈侵袭性生长及PRL水平高等特点,单纯手术治疗疗效差,难以取得满意效果。应结合病人具体情况,采用手术、药物及放射治疗等综合治疗方法。     

全自动常压低氧生物医学实验舱的研制

为研究常压状态不同程度的低氧环境下人类的生命体征及生命耐受力,建立动物低氧模型,研制了全自动常压低氧生物医学实验舱。该舱主要由制氮系统、气体管道系统、电子控制系统、舱体和监视系统组成。由电子控制系统实现对低氧舱内所设定的不同氧分压的自动控制。     

The world’s ten most feared fungi

An account is provided of the world’s ten most feared fungi. Within areas of interest, we have organized the entries in the order of concern. We put four human pathogens first as this is of concern to most people. This is followed by fungi producing mycotoxins that are highly harmful for humans; Aspergillus flavus, the main producer of aflatoxins, was used as an example. Problems due to indoor air fungi may also directly affect our health and we use Stachybotrys chartarum as an example. Not everyone collects and eats edible mushrooms. However, fatalities caused by mushroom intoxications often make news headlines and therefore we include one of the most poisonous of all mushrooms, Amanita phalloides, as an example. We then move on to the fungi that damage our dwellings causing serious anxiety by rotting our timber structures and flooring. Serpula lacrymans, which causes dry rot is an excellent example. The next example serves to represent all plant and forest pathogens. Here we chose Austropuccinia psidii as it is causing devastating effects in Australia and will probably do likewise in New Zealand. Finally, we chose an important amphibian pathogen which is causing serious declines in the numbers of frogs and other amphibians worldwide. Although we target the top ten most feared fungi, numerous others are causing serious concern to human health, plant production, forestry, other animals and our factories and dwellings. By highlighting ten feared fungi as an example, we aim to promote public awareness of the cost and importance of fungi.