男男性行为人群HIV感染者/AIDS病人耻辱感的影响因素

目的了解北京市男男性行为人群(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人耻辱感现状,分析影响因素,探索降低耻辱感的科学方法。方法通过方便抽样选取262名MSM人群HIV感染者/AIDS病人,进行一般情况和耻辱感的问卷调查。结果耻辱量表四个维度得分分别为个人耻辱(53.22±8.13)分、担心公开(33.20±3.73)分、负面自我形象(35.84±6.40)分、关注公众态度(61.31±8.44)分。耻辱感随着感染情况告知家人、好友的人数增多而降低(P<0.05),在婚者的耻辱感低于离异/丧偶者。结论如何获得家人和周围好友的情感支持,是降低HIV感染者/AIDS病人耻辱感的关键因素。     

2006～2010年湖北省流行性脑脊髓膜炎病原学和血清学监测分析

目的分析湖北省2006～2010年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)病原学和血清学监测结果,掌握湖北省流脑的变迁规律。方法对2006～2010年分离的脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Nm)菌株进行生化鉴定、血清学分型和药物敏感性检测,并采用多位点序列分型(MLST)和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法进行分子分型;对所有的脑脊液和血液标本进行Nm种属特异性荧光PCR检测;对健康人群血清,运用血清杀菌试验(SBA)进行C群杀菌力抗体水平测定。结果 2007年湖北省Nm以B群为主,2008～2010年以来C群为优势菌群;对青霉素等6种抗生素均敏感,但对环丙沙星、米诺环素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明4种抗生素出现多重耐药;分子分型结果显示,湖北省B群Nm菌株具有高度的遗传多样性,未发现明显优势的克隆群,C群优势病原株为ST-4821型。RT-PCR检测(988份脑脊液)确诊29例流脑病例,其中C群22例,A群2例、B群5例。C群杀菌力总保护率(抗体滴度≥1︰8)为38.10%。结论湖北省流脑菌株发生了从B群散发到C群流行的变迁,人群对C群Nm的免疫力不足。     

中国成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征

目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征, 初步探索遗传和环境因素对高脂血症的影响。方法研究对象来自CNTR在全国11个项目地区募集的双生子, 纳入成年且具有高脂血症信息的69 130名(34 565对)双生子进行分析。采用随机效应模型描述高脂血症的人群、地区分布特征。分别计算不同卵型双生子的高脂血症同病率, 估算遗传度。结果研究对象年龄为(34.2±12.4)岁。双生子人群高脂血症患病率为1.3%(895/69 130)。男性、年长、城镇、已婚、大专及以上文化程度、超重、肥胖、体力活动不足、当前吸烟和曾经吸烟、当前饮酒和曾经饮酒人群中高脂血症患病率较高。双生子对内分析发现, 同卵双生子高脂血症同病率为29.1%(118/405), 高于异卵双生子的18.1%(57/315), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同年龄、地区及性别分层中, 同卵双生子同病率仍呈现高于异卵双生子的趋势。进一步同性别双生子对内分析发现, 在北方组和女性组中, 高脂血症遗传度分别为13.04%(95%CI:2.61%～23.47%)、18.59%(95%CI:4.43%～3...     

Risk of Treatment Failure in Patients with Drug-susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China

正The objective of this prospective study of the risks of treatment failure in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)was to provide reference data to help develop a disease control strategy.Participants were recruited in eight provinces of China from October 2008 to December2010.A total of 1447 patients with drug-susceptible     

A randomized,open label trial to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and safety of a novel liquid hexavalent DTwP-Hib/Hep B-IPV (EasySix™) to licensed combination vaccines in healthy infants

Immunogenicity and safety of a newly developed liquid DTwP-Hib/HepB-IPV hexavalent vaccine (EasySix™) was evaluated and compared with administration of commercially licensed Pentavac SD® (DTwP-HepB/Hib) and Imovax Polio® vaccine in an open-label, randomized multi-centric trial. 284 participants, aged 6–10 weeks, randomized in a 1:1 allocation, received three doses of test or comparator vaccines, administered 4 weeks apart. Immunogenicity of the vaccines was determined by measuring the baseline and post-vaccination antibody responses and comparing the proportions of subjects achieving seroprotection against the vaccine antigens; safety was evaluated in terms of solicited (local and systemic) and unsolicited incidences in the follow up phase. Post-vaccination, seroprotection was achieved against all six vaccine antigens in both vaccine groups. The seroresponse rate as well as geometric mean titers of antibody for all vaccine components were comparable between EasySix™ and Pentavac SD®-Imovax Polio® group. Both vaccines had similar reactogenicity profiles and were well tolerated; all adverse events resolved completely without any sequelae. Only one serious adverse event was reported that completely resolved; it was regarded unconnected to the vaccine administered. This study demonstrated that immunogenicity and safety profiles of EasySix™ vaccine, manufactured by Panacea Biotec Ltd, are non-inferior to the commercially available vaccines.Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2015/02/005578.     

2018年第三季度全国食物中毒事件流行特征分析

目的了解2018年第三季度全国（不含香港、澳门、台湾地区）食物中毒事件的发生情况,探讨其发生的规律及特点。方法对2018年全国第三季度突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的食物中毒事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果2018年第三季度,全国23个省份共报告食物中毒报告事件119起,中毒3 488例,死亡27例,其中Ⅳ级及以上的食物中毒事件64起,中毒2 643例,死亡27例。 第三季度报告细菌性食物中毒事件最多,事件数和中毒人数分别占事件总数和中毒总人数的42.02%和69.29%;真菌性食物中毒报告的死亡人数最多,占死亡总人数的55.56%。 家庭是食物中毒发生的主要场所,发生在家庭的食物中毒事件数和死亡人数分别占事件总数和死亡总人数的32.77%和92.59%,发生在饮食服务单位的食物中毒人数最多,占中毒总人数的51.46%。结论2018年第三季度食物中毒事件数和死亡人数较2017年同期有所下降,中毒人数有所增加。 建议加强对饮食服务单位等重点场所的卫生监管,特别是在学校开学季,做好集体食堂食品采购、贮存和加工等各环节的管理和监督工作;通过开展健康宣教活动提高公众对有毒动植物和毒蘑菇的识别能力;普及正确的食物加工方法和自救互救方法,是预防和控制第三季度食物中毒事件的主要措施。     

Estimating the Economic Burden of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the US: 12 Year National Data

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) carries a substantial mortality and morbidity burden. The purpose of this study is to provide annual mean cost per patient and national level estimates of direct and indirect costs (lost productivity from morbidity and premature mortality) associated with AMI.MethodsNationally representative data spanning 12 years (2003-2014) with a sample of 324,869 patients with AMI from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were analyzed. A novel 2-part model was used to examine the excess direct cost associated with AMI, controlling for covariates. To estimate lost productivity from morbidity, an adjusted Generalized Linear Model was used for the differential in wage earnings between participants with and without AMI. Lost productivity from premature mortality was estimated based on published data.ResultsThe total annual cost of AMI in 2016 dollars was estimated to be $84.9 billion, including $29.8 billion in excess direct medical expenditures, $14.6 billion in lost productivity from morbidity and $40.5 billion in lost productivity from premature mortality between 2003 and 2014. In the adjusted regression, the overall excess direct medical expenditure of AMI was $7,076 (95% confidence interval [CI] $6,028-$8,125) higher than those without AMI. After adjustment, annual wages for patients with AMI were $10,166 (95% CI −$12,985 to −$7,347) lower and annual missed work days were 5.9 days (95% CI 3.57-8.27) higher than those without AMI.ConclusionsThe study finds that the economic burden of AMI is substantial, for which effective prevention could result in significant health and productivity cost savings.     

WASF3 Knockdown Sensitizes Gastric Cancer Cells to Oxaliplatin by Inhibiting ATG12-Mediated Autophagy

BackgroundGastric cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors, usually resulting in metastasis, and therapies for advanced gastric cancer remain limited. Drug resistance is the main reason for chemotherapeutic failure in gastric cancer. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3) is required for invasion and metastasis of different cancers. However, there has been little study of WASF3 expression involvement in gastric cancer. In this study, we explored the role of WASF3 in the sensitivity of gastric cancer to oxaliplatin, and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe silenced WASF3 using WASF3-siRNA in MGC803 cells. Then, CCK-8, flow cytometry and transwell assay were performed to study the effect of WASF3 silencing on proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis of MGC803 cells. Moreover, we evaluated the potential mechanism in vitro to determine the sensitization to oxaliplatin induced by WASF3.ResultsWASF3 silencing by small interfering RNA inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. We also observed that WASF3 knockdown promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced oxaliplatin sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensitization to oxaliplatin induced by WASF3 knockdown depended on the inhibition of Atg12-mediated autophagy.ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrates WASF3 targeting is a new potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.     

改良沙堡弱琼脂培养基（MSDA）方法在一次性使用卫生用品真菌定量检测中的应用研究

摘要 目的 研究改良沙堡弱琼脂培养基(MSDA)方法在一次性使用卫生用品真菌定量检测中的应用价值。方法 参照2015年版《中国药典》非无菌产品微生物限度检查（通则1105）的适用性试验方法,验证MSDA方法对一次性使用卫生用品真菌菌落总数检测适用性。结果 MSDA方法检测接种白色念珠菌和黑曲霉的19种供试品适用性试验回收率范围在82.76%～105.74%。市场购买的某品牌成人纸尿裤和某品牌婴儿柔肤湿巾两种产品真菌菌落总数＞100 cfu/g。市场购买的4大类产品中均有真菌检出,共有9个产品真菌菌落总数≥5 cfu/g。结论MSDA方法适用于一次性使用卫生用品真菌菌落总数的检测。