全息影像术中导航在泌尿外科腹腔镜和机器人手术中的应用价值

目的探讨全息影像术中导航在泌尿外科腹腔镜和机器人手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2019年1—12月北京和睦家医院等19家医疗中心收治的86例患者的病例资料,临床诊断包括肾肿瘤78例,膀胱癌2例,肾上腺肿瘤2例,肾囊肿1例,前列腺癌1例,汗腺癌淋巴结转移1例,根治性膀胱切除术后盆腔转移瘤1例。其中,32例接受标准腹腔镜手术,分别为肾部分切除术(LPN)27例,根治性前列腺切除术1例,根治性膀胱切除术2例,肾上腺肿瘤切除术2例;54例接受达芬奇机器人手术,分别为肾部分切除术(RAPN)51例,腹膜后淋巴结清扫术1例,双侧肾囊肿去顶减压术1例,盆腔转移肿瘤切除术1例。两种术式的肾部分切除术患者中41例有可统计的临床数据,其中RAPN 23例,LPN 18例。男26例,女15例;中位年龄53.5(24~76)岁;中位R.E.N.A.L评分7.8(4~11)分。专业工程师根据86例术前增强CT检查图像和诊断报告重建全息影像。术前,全息影像可帮助术者对供应肿瘤或手术切除部位的动静脉血管、淋巴结和神经的立体空间结构及相互关系有更直观的认识,协助术前手术规划。在术中将全息影像与腹腔镜监视器中的术野图像进行实时追踪和融合,实现术中导航。结果本组86例手术均顺利完成。术中通过人工调整全息影像,可提示重要血管如肾动脉和肾静脉在体内的投影位置,帮助术者定位血管、淋巴结和其他重要解剖结构的位置,便于精准分离。本研究采用标准腹腔镜手术和达芬奇机器人手术的肾部分切除术患者中共41例有可统计的临床数据。41例中位手术时间140(50~225)min,其中RAPN为140(50~215)min,LPN为160(80~225)min;中位热缺血时间23(14~60)min,其中RAPN为21(17~40)min,LPN为25(14~60)min;中位出血量80(5~1200)ml,其中RAPN为150(30~1200)ml,LPN为50(5~1200)ml。术中无周围重要脏器损伤。2例LPN患者出现ClavienⅡ级并发症,1例出血1200 ml给予输血,另一例血肿未予处理,自行吸收。此2例分别为前、后肾门肿瘤,R.E.N.A.L评分均为11分。结论全息影像术中导航可协助术者在腹腔镜和机器人手术中对重要的解剖结构进行定位、识别,在减少术中组织和器官损伤、降低手术并发症和提高手术成功率方面有重要的应用价值。     

MICA: A Learning Curve

Techniques of minimally invasive bunion surgery have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the learning curve involved in mastering these innovative techniques has not been described. To address this issue, a trained foot and ankle surgeon in a university hospital operated on 50 patients using the minimally invasive Chevron and Akin procedure over the course of 3 years, from January 2016 through December 2018. Surgery duration and x-ray exposure were documented. Results showed that surgery duration decreased from >2 hours in the first cases to a mean of ∼45 minutes in the third year. This learning curve plateaued by the 21st patient. The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy studies used decreased substantially over the first 27 surgeries, at which point the learning curve plateaued. In summary, it took about 27 procedures for an inexperienced surgeon to acquire the skill of performing minimally invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy.     

肝癌三维重建在精准肝切除术中的应用价值

目的肝癌三维重建在精准肝切除术中的应用价值。方法采集17例行肝占位病变切除患者的肝脏CT(2D)扫描数据,利用3D图像处理软件Myrian行肝肿瘤、肝脏、肝内脉管三维重建,术前模拟肝切除,以此指导精准肝切除。结果成功进行了肝脏、肿瘤和肝内血管的三维重建、虚拟肝切除、残肝体积测定,术前规划。并据此进行了临床治疗。17例患者行肝切除,手术均顺利,术后肝功能恢复良好,无明显并发症。结论进行术前评估和指导临床手术,符合肝脏解剖与生理特点,对精准肝切除有重要的指导作用。     

Clinical,biological, radiological,and genetic study of LPAC syndrome in Tunisian patients

Background and study aimsLow phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome is a form of cholelithiasis associated with the ABCB4 gene mutation. The defects of the protein ABCB4 encoded by this gene promote the formation of biliary cholesterol microcalculations. ABCB4 screening is negative in a significant proportion of patients.Patients and methodsAn analytical study of the epidemiological, clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics of 19 patients was conducted, followed by Sanger-type sequencing of the 27 exons encoding the ABCB4 gene.ResultsOur results showed a female predominance, symptomatic vesicular lithiasis predominance, and a high frequency of biliary complications in patients carrying an ABCB4 mutation. Normal ?? liver enzyme values were found in 84.2% of the cases. Intrahepatic hyperechoic foci were present in 68.4%.Molecular analysis detected a pathogenic mutation of the ABCB4 gene in 31.57% of patients. The mutations found were a nonsense mutation and three missense mutations, including two new mutations.ConclusionOur epidemiological, clinical, and genetic results concord with previous studies of LPAC syndrome. Two of the mutations we found have never been detected in patients with LPAC. The low percentage of ABCB4 gene mutations can be explained by the absence of studies of other genes involved in bile acid homeostasis besides the ABCB4 gene and by the inclusion criteria used in this study.     

Impact of infliximab therapeutic drug level monitoring on outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A real-world experience from a Middle Eastern cohort

Background and study aimTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) through measurement of infliximab (IFX) trough levels and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) is performed to guide IFX intensification strategies and improve its efficacy. We conducted this study to explore the relationship between clinical and endoscopic/radiological remission and IFX and ATI levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with IFX and to evaluate the appropriateness of treatment decision post TDM.Patients and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of a cohort of adult patients with IBD. Serum IFX trough concentrations and ATI were measured.ResultsA total of 129 patients [104] with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 25 with Crohn’s disease (CD)] were included in this study, of whom 61.2% were men. The mean disease duration was 6.7 years, and 72% of patients with UC had extensive colitis. The mean serum IFX trough level was 4.1 µg/mL; the IFX trough levels were subtherapeutic in 75 patients (58%), therapeutic in 37 patients (29%), and supratherapeutic in 17 patients (13%). Positivity to ATI was found in 16 patients (12.4%). Only 43 patients (33.3%) underwent an appropriate change in therapy after TDM, patients with penetrating CD disease had low IFX levels and higher C-reactive protein levels at 12 months before TDM.ConclusionsPatients with IBD with therapeutic IFX levels tend to have increased endoscopic/radiological remission rates. However, an appropriate change in management based on TDM was absent in the majority of patients, potentially reflecting the need to have a dashboard to support and guide clinicians in decision-making.     

血管内皮生长因子与结肠及直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的 :研究结肠及直肠癌活体组织中血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、p53蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达与淋巴结转移的关系。方法 :应用病理学诊断的方法检查淋巴结有无癌细胞转移。直肠癌组织标本做VEGF、p53蛋白和PCNA免疫组织化学染色。结果 :VEGF阳性表达的结肠及直肠癌患者淋巴结转移率为 65 .91 % (2 9/ 4 4 ) ,VEGF阴性的患者淋巴结转移率为 1 9.2 8% (1 6/ 83) ,差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =1 2 .0 777,P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;而p53及PCNA阳性表达的患者淋巴结转移和阴性表达患者的淋巴结转移之间差异无显著意义。结论 :结肠及直肠癌组织中VEGF的表达可为患者的淋巴结转移情况的判断及预后提供重要的参考依据     

Andrographolide impairs alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in vivo

To investigate if andrographolide impairs cholestatic liver injury. All rats were randomly divided into six groups—(1) control (n?=?6), (2) control?+?200 mg/kg andrographolide (n?=?6), (3) alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-control (n?=?6), (4) ANIT?+?50 mg/kg andrographolide (n?=?6), (5) ANIT?+?100 mg/kg andrographolide (n?=?6), and (6) ANIT?+?200 mg/kg andrographolide (n?=?6). We gavaged 50 mg/kg ANIT to mimic cholestatic liver injury in rats. Seven days after treatment, all the rats were killed. Serum biochemistry and hepatic histopathological assays were performed to evaluate liver injury. We observed that 200 mg/kg andrographolide significantly decreased the level of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, total bilirubin, and total bile acid in the blood. It also markedly decreased hepatic interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Furthermore, 200 mg/kg andrographolide significantly decreased malondialdehyde but increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, 200 mg/kg andrographolide effectively increased the accumulation of sirtuin 1 and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor-2. It also attenuated the level of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B and cyclooxygenase-2. These data suggest that andrographolide may impair cholestatic liver injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress.

     

Laboratorial characteristics of patients with diarrhoea suffering from egg white allergy

BackgroundEgg allergy is associated with diarrhoeal symptoms. However, the mechanism underlying allergic diarrhoea remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether egg white-specific IgE antibodies coexist with egg white-specific IgG antibodies in patients with egg allergy featuring diarrhoeal symptoms, and whether there is any relationship between these two antibody types.MethodsA total of 89 patients with egg allergy featuring diarrhoeal symptoms (average age, 23.2 years; range, 1–78 years), all of whom tested positive for egg white-specific IgG, were enrolled in this study. The concentration of total IgE, egg white-specific IgE and number of eosinophils in the serum were determined.ResultsAmong the 89 egg white allergic patients tested, 49 (55.1%) patients showed high reactivity to egg white-specific IgG, 48 (53.9%) patients had elevated serum total IgE levels, and 25 (28.1%) patients had elevated absolute eosinophil numbers. Out of the 89 egg white allergic patients, 25 showed elevated egg white-specific IgE antibody levels. Of the 25 patients who were positive for egg white-specific IgE antibody, 21 presented high sensitive reaction to egg white-specific IgG, three presented moderate sensitive reaction to egg white-specific IgG, and one presented mild sensitive reaction to egg white-specific IgG. A moderate correlation between egg white-specific IgG and egg white-specific IgE, egg white-specific IgG and absolute eosinophil number was found in the egg white allergic patients (r = 0.438, P = 0.000; r = 0.322, P = 0.002). Egg white-specific IgE levels varied in different age groups; the egg white-specific IgE concentration of younger patients (age ≤ 18 years, mean rank 54.29) was significantly higher than that of the adult patients (age > 18 years, mean rank 34.61) (Z = −3.629, P = 0.000).ConclusionEgg white-specific IgE antibody could coexist with egg white-specific IgG antibody in patients suffering from egg white allergy. Aberrant changes in the concentration of egg white-specific IgE antibody were associated with the presence of egg white-specific IgG antibody.     

Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes by race,ethnicity, and region: A meta-analysis

Background:The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetic subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and region are unestablished.Methods:We searched PubMed and Embase for related randomized controlled trials. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis, stratified by drug class, on MACE in various subgroups defined by 3 factors of interest (ie, race, ethnicity, and region) to estimate pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval. Random-effects meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the differences between 2 drug classes.Results:We included 11 randomized controlled trials for pooled analysis. Compared with placebo, SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced the risk of MACE (HR ranged from 0.76 to 0.93) in most diabetic subgroups defined by 3 factors of interest. The 2 drug classes did not significantly reduced this risk in the Black race group (HR 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.70–1.20). The effect of the 2 drug classes on MACE was not significantly different in all diabetic subgroups of interest (P-value for subgroup differences ranged from .101 to .971).Conclusions:SGLT2is and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists can significantly reduce the risk of MACE in most type 2 diabetic subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and region, whereas they fail to do it in Black individuals.