深低温停循环时不同脑保护方法对海马区神经元凋亡的影响

目的 通过观察海马区神经元的损伤情况，探讨深低温停循环(DHCA)时中枢神经系统损伤的机制及其保护方法。方法 北京农业大学实验用小型猪16头，体重22～25kg。鼻咽温降至18℃时分别给予如下处理90min：DHCA(I组)，顺行脑灌注(ACP，Ⅱ组)，逆行脑灌注(RCP，Ⅲ组)，RCP 尼莫地平(Ⅳ组)。复温120min至鼻咽温36℃。取左侧海马头部制备细胞悬液，AnnexinV—FITC染色，应用流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡情况。电镜观察细胞超微结构的变化。结果 正常细胞百分比I组明显低于其他3组，Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅲ组，Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与IV组之间差异无显著性；早期凋亡细胞百分比I组明显高于其他3组，Ⅱ组明显低于Ⅲ组，Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组之间差异无显著性；坏死细胞百分比I组明显高于其他3组，而其他3组之间差异无显著性；死亡细胞百分比I组明显高于其他3组，而其他3组之间差异无显著性(显著性界值P=0．05)。结论 DHCA后神经元发生凋亡、坏死和死亡，是术后神经功能障碍的主要原因；ACP使细胞凋亡和死亡减少，神经元保护作用最佳；RCP亦能使细胞凋亡和死亡减少，但神经元保护作用次于ACP；尼莫地平部分抑制了Ca^2 内流，脑保护效果一般。     

Risk factors of acute pancreatitis]

A total of 689 operative cases of acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP) were collected from 42 hospitals all over the country by the ANP Cooperative Study Group in the years of 1987 to 1989. General data, laboratory findings, pathology of the pancreas and the type of surgical treatment were analysed according to the outcome of the patient. The results showed that 37% of the cases were related to cholelithiasis, the highest incidence was in age above 60, and female patients were predominant and with higher mortality. Laboratory findings at admission, WBC greater than 20,000/mm3, Hb greater than 15 g%, blood sugar greater than 200 mg%, serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg%, BUN greater than 20 mg%, and serum calcium less than 7 mg% were related to the markedly elevated mortality rate. Operative findings noted in patients with bloody or cloudy peritoneal fluid, necrotic changes up to 75% of the pancreas, more than 2 areas of extrapancreatic involvements and resection of a large portion of the pancreas was found to be necessary were all related to a higher mortality. And emergency operations performed within 24 hours after the onset of the disease was also related with a highest mortality rate.     

Microwave technique in hepatic surgery: report of 70 cases]

70 hepatic resections were performed using 2450 MHz microwave scalpel. Primary diseased included hepatocellular carcinoma (46 cases), hemangioma (18), hepatobiliary tract stone (2), biliary cystadenoma (1), inflammatory pseudotumor of the live (1), metastatic liver cancer (2). Hemostasis was excellent despite liver cirrhosis in all cases. The average amount of blood loss and blood transfusion was 249 ml and 294 ml respectively. Blood transfusion was not necessary in 30 patients. All cases were free from postoperative bleeding from the liver stump and abdominal infection. No complications attributable to microwave coagulation were noted. We conclude that this new operative technique can be used safely and easily in the field of hepatic surgery.     

Intraoperative coronary venography for portal hemodynamic observation in the procedure of combined portozygos disconnection

Since 1986, intraoperative coronary venography was performed on 24 patients before and after undergoing portoazygos disconnection for portal hypertension. Before the disconnection the portal vein was found to be communicated with cardial and esophageal veins by two pathways, i.e. from the esophageal branches of the coronary vein to the esophageal varices, and from the gastric branches of the coronary vein to the esophageal varices by way of the gastric intramural venula. The portal blood flow was postulated to be hepatofugal because the portal trunk could not be seen on the venography. Coronary venography done after the disconnection found no pericardial and esophageal varices but the portal vein with hepatoportal blood flow. The authors come to the conclusion that the operation has the advantage of both complete disconnection between the portal vein and the cardio-esophageal varices, thus preventing the varices bleeding, and increasing hepatic blood flow.     

Trephine craniotomy in neurosurgery]

For three years, we have performed craniotomy with a 5 cm diameter trephine through a linear incision. 53 craniotomies were done in 49 patients. This simple and time-saving method produced little bleeding and slight injury to the brain. The technique allowed the surgeon to spend most of his time at the management of lesion. Healing of wound was rapid and brain edema was minimal.     

ARDS complicated severe chest trauma: a review of 12 cases

A total of 140 patients of thoracic trauma were admitted and treated in our hospital from 1970 to 1988. Thirty cases conformed the diagnosis of severe chest injury. Among them 12 patients (40%) were complicated by the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with two deaths (16.7%). The diagnosis and treatment of ARDS following severe chest trauma was often-times delayed by the overlapping clinical manifestations of severe chest injury. Patient's condition usually deteriorates rapidly. Authors suggest early tracheotomy and appropriate mechanical ventilation as one of the major measures to decrease mortality.     

顺铂对结直肠癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞杀伤活性的影响

为在临床选择有效的免疫化疗方案提供一定的理论依据，作者以结直肠癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ）和顺铂（ＣＤＤＰ）为研究对象，对１６名手术治疗的结直肠癌患者，分别观察ＣＤＤＰ体内注射及体外预处理ＴＩＬ和Ｒａｊｉ细胞对ＴＩＬ表面标志和杀伤活性的影响。流式细胞仪检测结果显示，静脉注射ＣＤＤＰ能增加结直肠癌ＴＩＬ中ＣＤ３＋／ＣＤ４＋和ＣＤ３＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞含量，同时增强ＴＩＬ体外杀伤Ｒａｊｉ细胞的活性；而体外以ＣＤＤＰ处理Ｒａｊｉ细胞能增强其对结直肠癌ＴＩＬ杀伤的敏感性。作者认为，对于联合应用ＴＩＬ和ＣＤＤＰ治疗结直肠癌的临床效果有必要进一步研究。     

缺血预处理对缺血/再灌注脑的保护及其与微循环调节功能的关系研究

目的:探讨缺血预处理(IPC)是否对缺血/再灌注(I/R)脑细胞具有保护效应及其与微循环调节功能间的关系。方法:I/R与IPC组大鼠均复制脑I/R损伤模型,IPC组增加于I/R之前24h进行的短暂脑缺血预处理。动物均开颅窗观察缺血前、缺血后、再灌后脑软膜微循环指标;并取脑组织作红四氮唑(TTC)染色观察缺血损伤情况。结果:I/R组TTC染色后大多数出现不规则的缺血损伤的淡染区,而IPC组明显少见。IPC组缺血及再灌之后毛细血管累计总长度、微循环血流量、微血管内血流速度之相对增加值均大于I/R组。I/R组于再灌注之后有无复流现象;而IPC组此时呈灌注增加的过程。结论:IPC通过提高微循环的调节功能,促进毛细血管的相对性开放和血流的相对性加快,减轻缺血期组织血流低灌注和再灌注期无复流现象,从而对I/R脑产生一定保护作用。     

重视供肝机械灌注研究,推动肝移植高质量发展

随着器官捐献数量不断增加和扩大标准供者(ECD)供肝定义不断拓展,供肝质量必然成为影响肝移植高质量发展的突出问题,也是相关领域的研究重点。最大限度解决器官短缺和推动器官移植高质量发展是我国器官捐献与移植事业发展的方向。近年来,利用机械灌注(MP)对供肝进行灌注、保存、评估及修复,已成为当前国际上提高肝移植质量的研究热点。本文针对国内外ECD供肝的不同应用情况,结合国际上MP研究进展和本中心有关研究经验,探讨整合器官保护技术建设器官重症监护室(ICU)的可行性,拟在推动我国器官移植高质量发展同时,进一步丰富器官捐献与移植“中国模式”的技术内涵。     

正、反义组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1基因转染对肾小球系膜细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响

目的 探讨正、反义组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（TIMP－1）对肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响。方法 利用前期工作中克隆出的人TIMP－1全长cDNA,分别构建出表达正义及反义TIMP－1的重组真核表达载体pcDNA3-TIMP-1(PTs),pcDNA3-ATIMP-1(PTas),并将上述重组质粒转染至大鼠的肾小球系膜细胞中,Northern杂交检测正、反义TIMP－1的表达。无血清诱导大鼠系膜细胞凋亡,利用DNA缺口末端标记（TUNEL）分析、DNA电泳技术在无血清后的不同时间点检测细胞凋亡,RT－PCR的方法检测凋亡相关基因的表达。结果 转染PTas的大鼠系膜细胞可以高效表达反义TIMP－1,无于血清诱导12h开始发生凋亡;无外源基因转染及空载体转染的大鼠系膜细胞在无血清48h发生凋亡;而转染正义TIMP－1的大鼠系膜细胞可高效表达正义TIMP－1,在无血清4d时才发生凋亡。TIMP－1的高表达或低表达可引起大鼠系膜细胞bax的下调或上调,但并不影响bcl-2的表达。结论 TIMP－1可以抑制无血清诱导的大鼠系膜细胞的凋亡,反义TIMP－1对之则有促进作用。这提示TIMP－1在肾脏除了抑制细胞外基质的作用外还具有新的功能。