Resuscitation therapy for traumatic brain injuryinduced coma in rats:mechanisms of median nerve electrical stimulation

In this study, rats were put into traumatic brain injury-induced coma and treated with median nerve electrical stimulation. We explored the wake-promoting effect, and possible mechanisms, of median nerve electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation upregulated the expression levels of orexin-A and its receptor OX1 R in the rat prefrontal cortex. Orexin-A expression gradually increased with increasing stimulation, while OX1 R expression reached a peak at 12 hours and then decreased. In addition, after the OX1 R antagonist, SB334867, was injected into the brain of rats after traumatic brain injury, fewer rats were restored to consciousness, and orexin-A and OXIR expression in the prefrontal cortex was downregulated. Our findings indicate that median nerve electrical stimulation induced an up-regulation of orexin-A and OX1 R expression in the prefrontal cortex of traumatic brain injury-induced coma rats, which may be a potential mechanism involved in the wake-promoting effects of median nerve electrical stimulation.     

问号钩体56601株外分泌蛋白功能研究

目的探讨体内外差异表达的问号钩体56601株外分泌脂蛋白（LA₃469、LA₂413、LA₂823和LB₁94）的致病功能。方法利用体外重组表达技术,在体外表达、纯化四个外分泌脂蛋白。采用ELISA的方法,检测钩体外分泌脂蛋白与不同细胞外基质的黏附功能。结果 LA₃469与LA₂413能够与细胞外基质Laminin、Collagen I以及Collagen IV发生黏附作用,LA₃469还能够与Fibronectin发生黏附作用。结论结合前期的研究,提示问号钩体外分泌脂蛋白LA₃469可能是钩体致病过程中的一个重要的致病因子。     

Resting Oxygen Consumption and Heart Failure: Importance of Measurement for Determination of Cardiac Output With the Use of the Fick Principle

BackgroundResting oxygen consumption (VO₂) is often estimated and frequently used to guide therapeutic decisions in symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients. The relationship between resting VO₂ and symptomatic HF and the accuracy of estimations of VO₂ in this population are unknown.Methods and ResultsWe performed a cross-sectional study of HF patients (n = 691) and healthy control subjects (n = 77). VO₂ was measured with the use of a metabolic cart, and estimated VO₂ was calculated with the use of the Dehmer, LaFarge, and Bergstra formulas and the thermodilution method. The measured and estimated VO₂ were compared and the potential impact of estimations determined. In the multivariable model, resting VO₂ decreased with increasing New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class in a stepwise fashion (β NYHA functional class IV vs control = −36 mL O₂/min; P < .001). Estimations of VO₂ with the use of derived equations diverged from measured values, particularly for patients with NYHA functional class IV limitations. The percentage difference of measured VO₂ versus estimated VO₂ was >25% in 39% (n = 271), 25% (n = 170), 82% (n = 566), and 39% (n = 271) of HF patients when using the Dehmer, LaFarge, Bergstra, and thermodilution-derived estimations of VO₂ respectively.ConclusionsResting VO₂ decreases with increasing NYHA functional class and is lower than in control subjects. Using estimations of VO₂ to calculate CO may introduce clinically important error.     

In-Hospital Management of Sleep Apnea During Heart Failure Hospitalization: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased mortality and readmissions in patients with heart failure (HF). The effect of in-hospital diagnosis and treatment of OSA during decompensated HF episodes remains unknown.Methods and ResultsA single-site, randomized, controlled trial of hospitalized patients with decompensated HF (n = 150) who were diagnosed with OSA during the hospitalization was undertaken. All participants received guideline-directed therapy for HF decompensation. Participants were randomized to an intervention arm which received positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy during the hospitalization (n = 75) and a control arm (n = 75). The primary outcome was discharge left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The LVEF changed in the PAP arm from 25.5 ± 10.4 at baseline to 27.3 ± 11.9 at discharge. In the control group, LVEF was 27.3 ± 11.7 at baseline and 28.8 ± 10.5 at conclusion. There was no significant effect on LVEF of in-hospital PAP compared with controls (P = .84) in the intention-to-treat analysis. The on-treatment analysis in the intervention arm showed a significant increase in LVEF in participants who used PAP for ≥3 hours per night (n = 36, 48%) compared with those who used it less (P = .01). There was a dose effect with higher hours of use associated with more improvement in LVEF. Follow-up of readmissions at 6 months after discharge revealed a >60% decrease in readmissions for patients who used PAP ≥3 h/night compared with those who used it <3 h/night (P < .02) and compared with controls (P < .04).ConclusionsIn-hospital treatment with PAP was safe but did not significantly improve discharge LVEF in patients with decompensated HF and newly diagnosed OSA. An exploratory analysis showed that adequate use of PAP was associated with higher discharge LVEF and decreased 6 months readmissions.     

信息-动机-行为技巧模型在抑郁症患儿父母健康教育中的应用效果研究

背景　青少年抑郁症常症状不典型,患儿、患儿家属及社会对该病认识普遍不足,难以正确意识疾病危害,即便青少年想要接受治疗,也常受到家属的阻挠,导致无法规范治疗。目的　探究信息-动机-行为技巧模型在抑郁症患儿父母健康教育中的应用效果。方法　选取2018年6-12月在南昌大学第二附属医院心身医学科治疗的90例抑郁症患儿的父母为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为A组（接受常规健康宣教）和B组（接受信息-动机-行为技巧模型指导下健康教育）,各45例。于基线时和干预12周后采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、自我感受负担量表调查两组患儿父母负性情绪和自我感受负担,于干预12周后采用自行设计的调查表调查两组患儿父母抑郁症疾病知识掌握情况。结果　基线时,两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预12周后,B组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分均低于基线时（P<0.05）。基线时,两组患儿父母照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预12周后,B组患儿父母照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分均低于基线时（P<0.05）。干预12周后,B组患儿父母疾病知识、家庭管理技术和复诊要求得分均高于A组（P<0.05）。结论　信息-动机-行为技巧模型指导下健康教育能够改善患儿父母负性情绪,减轻其自我感受负担,极大促进患儿父母掌握抑郁症疾病知识,提升抑郁症患儿父母管理技能,优化抑郁症患儿家庭管理方案,有更高的复诊意愿。     

抑郁症自杀行为简易预测模型构建及其预测价值研究

背景　抑郁症作为最常见的心境障碍之一,具有患病率高、复发率高、致残率高和致死率高等特点,给患者造成巨大的疾病负担,甚至出现自杀行为。但是,目前快速筛查抑郁症患者自杀行为的手段相对有限。目的　调查影响抑郁症患者出现自杀行为的心理社会因素,建立抑郁症患者自杀行为简易预测模型,为抑郁症患者自杀防治工作提供参考依据。方法　采用整群抽样方法选择2018年1-12月在南昌大学第二附属医院和南昌大学第一附属医院就诊的抑郁症患者为调查对象,采用一般情况问卷、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和Landeiman社会支持量表进行调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨抑郁症患者出现自杀行为的影响因素,Risk score法构建抑郁症患者自杀行为简易预测模型,并检测其预测效果。结果　共发放问卷2 233份,回收有效问卷2 090份,问卷有效回收率为93.60%。2 090例抑郁症患者中,142例（6.79%）出现自杀行为。经常吸烟、重度饮酒、既往抑郁发作次数≥1次、既往因抑郁症住院次数≥1次、伴焦虑症状、伴精神病性症状、伴自杀意念、有精神障碍家族史、正在用抗抑郁药物、有其他内外科疾病的抑郁症患者自杀行为比例高（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,既往抑郁发作次数≥1次〔OR=4.308,95%CI（3.547,5.232）〕、伴焦虑症状〔OR=2.329,95%CI（1.201,4.518）〕、伴精神病性症状〔OR=2.492,95%CI（1.448,4.287）〕、伴自杀意念〔OR=4.044,95%CI（2.305,7.096）〕、SAS标准分高〔OR=1.036,95%CI（1.003,1.071）〕均是抑郁症患者自杀行为的危险因素（P<0.05）,正在用抗抑郁药物〔OR=0.110,95%CI（0.057,0.212）〕是抑郁症患者自杀行为的保护因素（P<0.05）。基于Logistic回归建立的Risk score预测模型为：Risk score=40.56×既往抑郁发作次数+23.50×伴焦虑症状+25.36×伴精神病性症+38.81×伴自杀意念-61.25×正在用抗抑郁药物+1.00×SAS标准分。按照Risk score预测模型绘制的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）为0.920〔95%CI（0.907,0.931）〕,Youden指数最大时为0.7,截断值为193.23分,灵敏度为76.8%,特异度为94.2%。结论　抑郁症患者自杀行为发生率较高,既往抑郁发作次数≥1次、伴焦虑症状、伴精神病性症状、伴自杀意念、SAS标准分高均为抑郁症患者自杀行为的危险因素。基于Logistic回归建立的Risk score预测模型预测抑郁症患者自杀行为的灵敏度为76.8%,特异度为94.2%。     

DNA甲基转移酶与胰腺癌关系的研究进展

抑癌基因启动子异常甲基化在胰腺癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用.而甲基化程度与DNA甲基转移酶的活性密切相关.microRNAs(miRNAs)是内源性非编码的单链小分子RNA,与DNA甲基化之间存在着复杂的互相调控的机制,从而影响胰腺癌的发生.近年来,去甲基化药物或RNA干扰技术已广泛应用于胰腺癌发病机制及其基因靶向治疗的研究,并取得了较大进展,有望成为胰腺癌的治疗有效手段.本文就DNA甲基转移酶的功能及其与胰腺癌关系的相关研究进展进行综述.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎130例CT分布特点及征象研究

目的探讨2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影像学表现。方法根据纳入标准和排除标准收集2020年1月20日至2月5日来自全国多家医院确诊COVID-19病例130例,按分布特点进行分型,分析其影像学特征。结果(1)分布:单侧14例(10.7%),双侧116例(89.3%);胸膜下型(102例78.4%),小叶核心型99例(76.1%),弥漫型8例(6.1%);(2)数目:单发病灶9例(6.9%),多发病灶113例(86.9%),弥漫8例(6.1%);(3)密度:仅为磨玻璃影(GGO)70例(53.8%),GGO与实变影兼有60例(46.2%);(3)伴随征象:血管增粗100例(76.9%),胸膜平行征98例(75.3%),"细网格征"100例(76.9%),"晕征"13例(10%),"反晕征"6例(4.6%),3例胸腔积液(2.3%),2例肺气囊(1.5%)。未见空洞。35患者行CT复查,21例(60%)好转,14例(40%)加重。结论COVID-19影像学特点主要以胸膜下及小叶核心分布为主,两者均可融合成片,重症者发展为双肺弥漫;最有价值的特征是"胸膜平行征";恢复期表现为边缘收缩的实变影,支气管扩张,胸膜下线或纤维条索影。     

Cenani–Lenz syndrome restricted to limb and kidney anomalies associated with a novel LRP4 missense mutation

Cenani–Lenz syndrome (CLS) is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder of the limbs. The disorder is characterized by complete syndactyly with metacarpal fusions and/or oligodactyly sometimes accompanied by radioulnar synostosis. The clinical expression is variable and kidney agenesis/hypoplasia, craniofacial dysmorphism and teeth abnormalities are frequent features as well as lower limb involvement. CLS was recently associated with mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) gene and dysregulated canonical WNT signaling. We have identified a large consanguineous Pakistani pedigree with 9 members affected by CLS. The affected individuals present with a consistent expression of the syndrome restricted to the limbs and kidneys. Symptoms from the lower limb are mild or absent and there were no radioulnar synostosis or craniofacial involvement. Genetic analysis using autozygosity mapping and sequencing revealed homozygosity for a novel missense mutation c.2858T > C (p.L953P) in the LRP4 gene. The mutation is located in a region encoding the highly conserved low-density lipoprotein receptor repeat class B domain of LRP4. Our findings add to the genotype–phenotype correlations in CLS and support kidney anomalies as a frequent associated feature.