Comparison of cystometric methods in female rats

AIMS: Rat cystometry is a common model used to investigate urinary storage and voiding function. The effect of cystometric instrumentation in rat studies might be a source of deviation from normal physiologic responses. We hypothesized that transurethral catheterization would produce obstruction-related changes, and that suprapubic catheterization would limit volume-related functions as well as disrupt normal urothelial sensory function. We investigated the influence of transurethral and suprapubic catheterization on storage and voiding in the rat model. METHODS: Three groups of female SD rats 250-300 g under urethane anesthesia were studied. Cystometric and pseudoaffective responses to physiologic voiding with and without suprapubic catheter placement, and cystometry via suprapubic and transurethral catheterization were studied. RESULTS: In free-voiding animals, per-void volume was 1.8 +/- 0.2 ml with an average flow rate of 0.18 ml/sec, and intercontraction interval (ICI) 60 min. Suprapubic catheterization decreased the ICI and per-void volume consistent with capacity reduction. Suprapubic cystometry did not significantly alter parameters compared to voiding except for a shortened ICI. Bladder pressures and somatic responses were increased, and urine flow impaired by transurethral cystometry. Terazosin did not significantly improve voiding parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Other than volume-related parameter changes probably related to surgical compromise of bladder capacity, suprapubic catheterization does not alter the cystometric and physiologic responses to voiding when compared to normal, uninstrumented voiding. Transurethral cystometry appears to be obstructive and may activate nociceptive reflexes. For this reason, whenever possible, urodynamic testing using the rat model should employ suprapubic catheterization.     

Hepatitis G virus exposure in dialysis patients

Background Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a blood-borne virus. The predominant route of its transmission is parenteral. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HGV exposure in haemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in Iran. Methods This study was performed in a major dialysis centre in Tehran, Iran. The study cohort consisted of 77 patients on HD and 13 patients on CAPD. The presence of anti-HGV envelope protein E2 (anti-E2) in the blood serum, as determined by means of an ELISA assay, indicated HGV exposure. All patients were also screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV). In patients who tested positive for anti-E2, HGV RNA was detected by RT-PCR using primers derived from the NS5A region of the viral genome. Results In total, 3.89% of the HD patients and none of the CAPD patients tested positive for anti-E2. None of the patients tested positive for HGV RNA. The mean age of the anti-E2-positive patients was 53.3 ± 26.5 years, with 66.66% having previously received blood transfusion. The mean duration of dialysis of the anti-E2-positive patients was 68 ± 64 months. Co-infection with HCV or HBV was not observed in the anti-E2 positive patients. Conclusion The rate of exposure to HGV was low among the dialysis patients in our study. The appearance of anti-E2 was accompanied by clearance of serum HGV-RNA. No relationship was noted between HGV exposure and age, sex, history of blood transfusion, time on dialysis and HCV or HBV markers.     

Apolipoprotein E genotype,TNF-α 308G/A and risk for cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury in Caucasians

Objectives: Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery depicts a severe clinical problem that is strongly associated with adverse short- and long-term outcome. We analyzed two common genetic polymorphisms that have previously been linked to renal failure and inflammation, and have been supposed to be associated with cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Methods: A total of 1415 consecutive patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery with CPB at our institution were prospectively enrolled. Patients were genotyped for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE E2,E3,E4) (rs429358 and rs7412) and TNF-α-308?G?>?A (rs1800629). Results: Demographic characteristics and procedural data revealed no significant differences between genotypes. No association between ApoE (E2,E3,E4) and TNF-α-308?G?>?A genotypes and the RIFLE criteria could be detected. Several multiple linear regression analyses for postoperative creatinine increase revealed highly significant associations for aortic cross clamp time (p?0.001), CPB-time (p?0.001), norepinephrine (p?0.001), left ventricular function (p?=?0.004) and blood transfusion (p?0.001). No associations were found for ApoE (E2,E3,E4) and TNF-α-308?G?>?A genotypes or baseline creatinine. When the sample size is 1415, the multiple linear regression test of R^2?=?0 for seven covariates assuming normal distribution will have at least 99% power with significance level 0.05 to detect an R² of 0.108 or 0.107 as observed in the data. Conclusions: ApoE (E2,E3,E4) polymorphism and the TNF-α-308?G?>?A polymorphism are not associated with renal injury after CPB.     

24G正压留置针在呼吸内科患者应用与护理体会

目的:观察新型无针连接式正压留置针在呼吸内科患者中的应用效果,探讨正压留置针使用过程中的护理问题.方法:将120例呼吸内科患者随机分成观察组(60例)和对照组(60例),观察组使用新型正压无针连接式留置针,对照组使用普通留置针.结果:观察组正压无针连接式留置针留置时间长,留置后患者担心焦虑心理、延长管内有回血、堵管发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.01).结论:新型正压无针连接式留置针具有正压单手操作等优点,延长留置时间,有效避免回血、堵塞、患者担心焦虑等护理问题,护士针刺伤发生明显低于对照组,提高了留置针使用效果.     

eIF4E在乳腺癌中表达的研究进展

真核细胞翻译起始因子是调节蛋白质翻译的关键因素,作为mRNA帽结合磷蛋白,过度表达能使一些肿瘤相关恶性基因的蛋白质表达量发生变化,引起致癌性改变。笔者就eIF4E在乳腺癌中的表达、作用以及治疗研究的最新研究进展作一综述。     

极化调节蛋白aPKC-ι与cyclin E在肝癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨细胞极化调节蛋白aPKC-ι与Cyclin E在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)及其癌旁组织中表达情况及关系.方法 采用RT-PCR方法 检测aPKC-ι基冈在9例正常肝、43例HCC及其癌旁组织中的表达}免疫组化检测aPKC-ι,Cyclin E蛋白的表达,对所得结果 进行分类和统计分析.结果 aPKC-ι在HCC中的基因表达值为0.844±0.315,明显高于癌旁0.530士0.217及正常肝组织0.372±0.130(P=0.009);aPKC-ι蛋白在HCC、癌旁组织阳性率分别为58.1%(25/43)、23.6%(10/43),分化程度越低、分级越晚表达越高,表达有显著性差异(P<0.05);Cyclin E蛋白在HCC、癌旁组织阳性率分别为65.1%(28/43)、51.6%(22/43),分化程度越低、分级越晚表达越高,表达有显著性差异(P<0.05);aPKC-ι蛋白的表达与Cyclin E蛋白的表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 aPKC-ι和Cyclin E在HCC的表达提示其在HCC侵袭、转移中发挥重要作用;两者在HCC中共表达,为进一步研究肝癌侵袭转移机制提供了理论依据.     

The abducted little finger in low ulnar nerve palsy.

In 12 dissections the extensor digiti minimi tendons inserted into the abductor tubercle of the proximal phalanx. In eight of the 12, the tendons passed to the ulnar side of the abductor-adductor axis of the metacarpophalangeal joint. A separate tendon from the extensor digitorum communis to the little finger was found in only one dissection, with all others showing a connecting band which varies in its obliquity and thus in its adducting effect. To correct an abducted little finger, the ulnar portion of the extensor digiti minimi was transferred to the radial side of the little finger. Two methods were used: (1) the tendon was passed to the volar side of the metacarpophalangeal joint, if the joint could be hyperextended; if not, (2) a simple transfer to the radial collateral ligament was performed.     

应用RNA干扰技术抑制神经元E3B1基因表达及对轴突生长的影响

目的:探讨应用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术抑制神经元E3B1基因表达及其对轴突生长的影响.方法:选择针对E381(NCBI:NM-024397)RNAi的3个靶位点Abil1、Abil2、Abil3和1个不针对任何mRNA的RNAi靶位点(阴性对照)以及甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH,阳性对照),用带有neoR选择标志和GFP绿色荧光标志的真核表达载体pGenesil-1构建E381 RNAi质粒,分别转染培养的神经元,在荧光显微镜下观测转染率,经G418筛选得到单一的转染细胞,并用Western blot法检测各转染组神经元E3B1蛋白的表达情况,选出具有最佳抑制效应的siRNA转染神经元,加人轴突生长抑制物,观测轴突生长情况.结果:成功构建了RNAi质粒,各组细胞的转染率相近,均为34%左右.与阴性对照组相比,Abil1、Abil2和Abil3转染组细胞内E3B1 mRNA的表达都受到了不同程度的抑制,其中Abil3转染组细胞的E381 mRNA和蛋白的表达抑制最为显著,加入轴突抑制剂后Abil3转染组神经元轴突仍能继续生长.结论:应用RNA干扰技术能高效特异地抑制神经元E3B1基因的表达,E3B1基因的表达下调可促进神经元轴突的生长.     

Novel chimeric parapoxvirus CF189 as an oncolytic immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Here we describe a novel, genetically engineered parapoxvirus that efficiently kills triple-negative breast cancer.